Features of masonry construction.
1) It is easy to use local materials, and the cost is lower than that of using cement, steel and wood.
2) It has good durability and good fire resistance.
3) Good thermal insulation performance and good energy-saving effect.
4) The construction is convenient and the process is simple.
5) It has the dual functions of load-bearing and enclosure.
6) Self-weight, low tensile, shear and bending resistance.
7) Poor seismic performance.
8) The amount of masonry work is heavy and the production efficiency is low.
Advantages and disadvantages of masonry structures.
Merit. (1) Good durability: the material durability of masonry structure engineering is good, and materials such as masonry and concrete have good durability and weathering resistance, which can ensure the long-term stability of the building structure.
2) Wide adaptability: masonry structure engineering does not have high requirements for the foundation, and can be built under different terrain and geological conditions, with wide adaptability.
3) Simple construction: the construction process of masonry structure engineering is simple, the mechanical equipment and labor required are relatively small, the construction period is short, and the cost is relatively low.
Shortcoming. (1) Strength problem: the strength of masonry structure engineering is low, and it can only be used for low-rise buildings and small-span structures, and other structural forms need to be used for high-rise and large-span structures.
2) Poor seismic performance: The seismic performance of masonry structure engineering is relatively poor, so special seismic measures need to be taken in the most frequent areas.
3) Construction error: It is easy to produce errors in the construction process of masonry structure engineering, therefore, it is necessary to strengthen construction quality control and management to ensure construction quality and safety.
Construction requirements for masonry structures.
1) The consistency of masonry mortar after mixing is 5 7 cm.
2) The masonry mortar needs to be randomly sampled according to the requirements, and the indwelling test block is sent to the laboratory for testing. On-site masonry mortar should be mixed with the use, cement mortar and cement mixed mortar must be used within 3 4 hours after mixing, when the maximum temperature during the construction exceeds 30, must be used within 2 3 hours after mixing.
3) After the mortar is mixed and used, it should be contained in the ash storage container, if the mortar appears to be wet, it should be mixed again before masonry.
4) Hollow brick light aggregate concrete small hollow block for filling wall masonry should be watered and moistened 1 2 days in advance, and an appropriate amount of water should be poured on the masonry surface before aerated concrete block masonry.
5) When the wall is built with light aggregate concrete small hollow blocks or autoclaved aerated concrete blocks, the bottom of the wall should be built with sintered ordinary bricks or perforated bricks or concrete small hollow blocks, or cast-in-place concrete platforms, etc., and its height should not be less than 200 mm.
6) Before the wall masonry, it is necessary to test the block on the spot, the principle of the block is the upper and lower staggered joints, the lap length of the block should not be less than 1 3 of the length of the block, if the length of the block is less than or equal to 300 mm, the lap length is not less than 1 2 of the block length, when the lap length is insufficient, the tie steel bar should be placed in the ash joint.
7) Before masonry, the number of poles should be set up at the four corners of the house and the junction of the inner and outer walls, the spacing should be 10 15 meters, and the blocks should be built according to the number of rods.
8) The thickness of the vertical ash joint of the block should be 15 mm, not greater than 20 mm, the thickness of the horizontal ash joint can be determined according to the height of the wall and the block, but not more than 15 mm, nor less than 10 mm, the ash joint is required to be horizontal and vertical, and the mortar is full.
9) The main specifications should be used as far as possible in the arrangement of the blocks, except for the necessary parts, as little as possible to inlay solid brick masonry, and the position of the local bricks that need to be inlaid is easy to disperse and symmetrical, so that the masonry is evenly stressed.
10) The overall masonry of the vertical and horizontal wall can be dragged obliquely, and when the masonry is connected, the base surface should be cleaned first, watered and moistened, and then the slurry is paved, and the ash joint is full.