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Author: Teacher Shaoming
March 2, 2024
【Practical Exercise】Solve the problem of summarizing the reading content of modern literature
Parents and friends, regardless of whether your baby is wandering in elementary school or has crossed the threshold of junior high and high school, do you have a common trouble: when the dolls encounter the short-answer questions in modern reading comprehension, they always scratch their ears and cheeks and can't answer, how can they fix it?
Underlying logic
Actually, this question reflectsTwo meanings
First, from primary school to high school, the core competency of Chinese reading comprehension is the same drop;
The second is that many little guys have not laid a good foundation in primary school, and they have not found the way all the way up.
Ability to generalize and refine
What we want to find out today is the "housekeeping skill" that is tested behind the modern reading short-answer questionsAbility to generalize and refine
It's like we have to learn to pick and wash vegetables before cooking, choose the choy sum, and then fry the delicious dishes. Here, the process of "picking and washing vegetables" is the extraction and integration of reading information, and answering short-answer questions is like cooking processed ingredients into precise quizzes.
The first step is to unveil the secret, summarize and refine
To put it bluntly, the summary and refinement is to let the babies see the things that the "protagonist" in the article does.
This "protagonist" is like the protagonist on the stage of a drama; What they do is to be summed up in the simplest and most direct words, like a clay man, remove the fancy decorations, and leave a sturdy backbone.
Let's recall the abbreviated sentence questions I did when I was a child, which is like cutting a big tree into a trunk, and the modern text summarizes it, which is to condense a long article into a condensed version.
Staged demonstration of summary and refining capabilities
In elementary school, the teacher may ask the children to repeat the synopsis of the story, or simply ask them to say the gist of the paragraph, which is equivalent to askingWhat is this saying? ”
In junior high school, the question may turn a corner and ask: ".Why? ”seems to be profound, but in fact it is to test whether the babies can understand the key points of each paragraph, break it and crumple it, or put the main content out of it paragraph by paragraph.
Elementary vs junior high school
What is this saying? Why does PK say that?
Summary questions are the cornerstone of all kinds of questions, and no matter how different the types of questions are, the key is to read through the material and understand the implications.
The teacher casually throws an example of a difficult summary question and gnaws it down, and other similar questions will be no problem.
To deal with this kind of question, don't come up and stumble on the answering skills, just like sharpening a knife and not chopping wood, the first task is to read the article thoroughly first, and then figure it out!
The magic weapon of the six elements of narrative
Look at this large string of words, what kind of medicine is sold in the gourd? At this time, we have to move out of the "magic weapon of the six elements of narrative", just like the secret mantra in martial arts:
Time- Travel to the Tang Dynasty.
Location– across China and Western Europe.
Role- Durham University and the Palace Museum.
Causes- No need to pay attention, blank here.
Passed- Join forces to study porcelain fragments excavated in Spain.
Results——Confirm that the "Maritime Silk Road" of the Tang Dynasty has already arrived on the other side of Europe.
The summary question is not only limited to finding key words, but also writing complete sentences. In short, "the master leads the door, and the practice depends on the individual", after the theory is understood, actual combat drills are indispensable.
Three-step strategy to overcome the difficulty of generalization
(Step 1.)Browse the full text as a whole to grasp the soul of the article.
Step 2The six-element comparison method and the five-"W" questioning method are all in battle.
Step 3According to the requirements of the question, organize key words or organize sentences to answer.
There are two major ways to cultivate the ability to generalize compression
a. Daily training ground on campus
In Chinese class, teachers often assign children tasks to divide into levels, grasp the gist of paragraphs, and refine the main idea of the article, which are all good opportunities to exercise their generalization skills.
Looking at the exercises in the workbook, taking a news story or a short story, and asking the children to distill the main idea in one sentence, is also honing their generalization and compression skills.
In the classroom, the children keep up with the pace of the teacher, shorten the expression step by step, and speak actively.
b. Family life training grounds
At home, parents can also help their children practice this kung fu together. For example, listen to the news broadcast together, and ask the child to summarize the main points of the news in a few sentences. Or after the child participates in the birthday party of his friends, let him reminisce and sort out all aspects of the party into a concise narrative of "what so-and-so did".
In this way, the little things in daily life have become vivid teaching materials to improve the ability to generalize.
The core trick of summarizing compression is to read the text thoroughly and find the "protagonist" and the "big things" he has done.
Let the children pay more attention and summarize more on weekdays, whether it is reading books and newspapers, or life experiences, try to express them in concise and clear language.
In this way, in the examination room, in the face of any type of summary questions, the children can easily deal with it, and truly achieve "one hard work, two harvests"!
Outline of this article:
1.Modern Reading - Content Summarization Problem Anatomy
1.1.A common problem for parents
- The same challenges faced by children of different ages
- Reflect the issue of competency and continuity of education
1.2.The short-answer questions test the core competencies
- Summarize the importance of compression capacity
- Figurative Interpretation: Distillation from complex sentences to the main message
1.3.Summarize the definition of compression capacity
- The process of extracting and integrating information
- The core elements of "who's" and "what's".
2.Summarize the performance of compression capacity in each section
2.1.Primary school level
- Summarize the content of the story and the main idea of the paragraphs
- Refinement of the central idea
2.2.Junior high school level
- An understanding of the deeper meaning of a title or sentence
- Paragraph by paragraph summarizing requirements
2.3.Examples of high-stage requirements
- Difficulty case studies
- Keyword extraction and sentence generalization are equally important
3.Step-by-step strategies for solving summary questions
3.1.Step 1: Read the comprehension topic thoroughly
3.2.Step 2: Apply the Six Elements and Five "W" frameworks
- Time, place, people, causes, processes, results
- when、where、who、why、how
3.3.Step 3: Integrate the answers to meet the requirements of the question
4.Summarize the training path of compression ability
4.1.Daily Chinese classroom teaching
- Layering, summarizing paragraphs, and refining the main idea of the article
- News story summarization exercises in the workbook
4.2.Daily life practices at home
- Verbal summaries of news events
- A concise description and summary of daily activity experiences
5.Summarize the strengthening of compression ability and habit formation
5.1.Reading the text is key
5.2.Applications in everyday life and in and out of the classroom
5.3.The results of long-term training
Key words in this article: modern reading, generalization, problem solving; summarize and refine capacity development strategies; Phased Chinese Reading Comprehension Training and the Six-Element Method; Summarize and refine the guide to capacity improvement; generalized competence development in the integration of school and home; generalization skills in daily life and classroom teaching; Long-term strategies to improve reading comprehension and generalization compression