Pay attention to the hot spots of the "three rural" of the two sessions.
Focus on the voices of the "three rural" sessions of the two sessions.
On the morning of March 5.
The Second Session of the 14th National People's Congress.
Opening at the Great Hall of the People.
** Prime Minister Li Qiang.
Report to the General Assembly on the work of the General Assembly.
The report summarizes the work in 2023.
Arrange and deploy this year's "work".
Among them, many places involve the "three rural" work.
China Sannong released a special production.
*The "three rural" keywords in the work report are invited.
President of China Agricultural Risk Management Research Association.
Zhang Hongyu. Director and professor of the Institute of Peasant Studies, China Agricultural University.
Zhu Qizhen. Be a guest in the live broadcast room.
We also connected live.
Deputy to the National People's Congress
Secretary of the Party Branch of Yucun Village, Anji County, Zhejiang Province.
Wang Yucheng. Deputy to the National People's Congress
2014 Three Rural Figures
Chairman of Fumin Wheat Planting Professional Cooperative in Linyi County, Shandong Province.
Wei Dedong. 2023 Three Rural Figures,
Director of the Village Committee of Taipan Village, Taijiang County, Guizhou Province.
Cen Jianglong. Let's analyze in depth.
The key words of "three rural" in this year's work report.
Comprehensive revitalization of the countryside.
Zhang Hongyu. 
The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the great concept of rural revitalization, and the Third Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee proposed to comprehensively promote rural revitalization. The first rural work conference held at the end of last year, including this one, put forward the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside. From comprehensively promoting rural revitalization to promoting comprehensive rural revitalization, this term is in line with the current situation and development. The comprehensive revitalization of the countryside has continued the five major revitalizations since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, namely industrial revitalization, cultural revitalization, talent revitalization, organizational revitalization, and ecological revitalization.
At the same time, according to the development of the past few years, it is required to focus more on the word "comprehensive". The word "comprehensive" includes not only agriculture and rural areas, but also production, livelihood, and ecological requirements. In every aspect of our work, we must let agriculture, rural areas, and farmers achieve phased results in 2024, and let the people have a tangible experience. Let agriculture be more developed, farmers will be richer, and the countryside will be better.
Therefore, the word "comprehensive" is very important, involving industries, groups, and regions. As for how to achieve high-quality development, we must seriously figure out the profound connotation of the word "comprehensive". Why is the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization adjusted to the promotion of comprehensive rural revitalization? Because it is true that many places have developed well in recent years, but the shortcomings of some places are still very prominent.
Zhu Qizhen. 
The word "comprehensive" is understood on two levels.
First of all, in terms of space, there are so many villages in the country, and they must be revitalized in an all-round way, and they cannot engage in half-pulled projects. Rural areas should enjoy the fruits of development.
Secondly, in terms of content, whether it is economic, social, and cultural, it should be greatly improved. According to the five major revitalization proposed by the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, all aspects such as industrial prosperity, ecological livability, rural civilization, affluent life, and effective governance should be reflected. We must have production as the support, and industries so that the people can find employment nearby and locally, and attract young people to return to their hometowns to start businesses and earn money. Life is rich, and the spirit is more fulfilling. It is necessary to carry out cultural construction, inherit traditional culture, and develop modern culture. For example, "village ba", "village evening" and so on. Building a safe village is a peaceful and harmonious village.
Tens of millions of projects. Zhang Hongyu.
This year's No. 1 document clearly states that learning and using the experience of the "Thousand Village Demonstration and Ten Thousand Village Renovation" project will effectively and effectively promote the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside. This includes ideas and methods. In June 2003, after the general secretary proposed the "Ten Million Project", 20 years as a day, we started from the human settlements, step by step from the industry to the group to the region to achieve a new leap, iterative upgrading.
Concept: First, people-oriented. In doing rural agricultural work, we should proceed from the reality of the peasants, and what the peasants need and hope for is the point of grasping and the breakthrough point of the work. Only when the people are satisfied and happy can our work achieve effective results. People-oriented is a core essence.
The second is innovation and coordination. Innovate according to the five concepts of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing put forward by the general secretary. In doing rural work, we must apply its laws, but we must not stick to the old ways. It is a process of concrete implementation of innovative and coordinated ideas.
The third is the integration of urban and rural areas. We cannot do things in isolation between urban and rural areas, and the dual structure of urban and rural areas can no longer be sustained. So, how to achieve urban-rural integration? From urban-rural integration to urban-rural co-ordination, and then to urban-rural integrated development, from specific water supply issues, road construction issues, and village layout issues, it is all a blueprint. Both urban and rural areas should be considered.
Method: The biggest inspiration of the 10 million project, the first is to adhere to the problem orientation. Proceeding from reality, what problems need to be solved in the rural areas, what are we lacking in some aspects, and how can we make up for the shortcomings? The second is to work for a long time. From point to surface, from shallow to deep, from short to long, a blueprint is drawn to the end. The third is to adapt measures to local conditions, implement policies in a classified manner, and proceed in an orderly and gradual manner. 20 years have been exchanged for a beautiful day in Zhejiang. Then, according to this experience, China's rural areas will be better tomorrow.
Zhu Qizhen. The "Ten Million Project" has brought us a lot of new ideas, and also provided some methods and paths for operation. The first is that you do whatever the peasants need. I think it's very important to address the most pressing needs of farmers. Because in the process of rural revitalization, there are some problems in many places, which are because they are out of touch with the needs of farmers. The decision to decide whether or not to do this matter from the builders or from the leadership is to look at what the most prominent and urgent needs of the peasants are. The second is to draw a blueprint to the end. We must have a blueprint, but this blueprint is a blueprint that conforms to the laws of the countryside, and the blueprint cannot be changed if the leader changes. In many places, a change of chief official has to change the blueprint, so there are a lot of half-pulled projects. Therefore, when learning from Zhejiang's experience, we must draw a blueprint to the end and work for a long time.
Wang Yucheng. 
Yucun is the birthplace of the general secretary's concept of "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets". Under the guidance of this important concept, Yucun unswervingly changed from relying on the mountains to raising the mountains and enriching the mountains, and also vigorously promoted the construction of beautiful villages. After 20 years of development, the "Ten Million Project" has also entered the third stage. In the past 20 years, the entire Zhejiang "Thousand Village Demonstration and Ten Thousand Village Renovation" project has been from. 0 This path has been going down, from "demonstration of thousands of villages, renovation of thousands of villages" to "boutique of thousands of villages, beauty of thousands of villages" to "the future of thousands of villages, and the common prosperity of thousands of villages".
In recent years, our Yucun Village has firmly practiced the concept of "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", further promoted the implementation of the "Ten Million Project", vigorously developed the leisure and rural tourism industry, and the road of green development has become wider and wider. Fully coordinate the internal resources of Yucun, accelerate the layout of new business formats, cultivate new models, and create a brand matrix of Yucun's big IP.
Livelihood. Zhang Hongyu.
In 2023, China's total grain will reach 1,390.8 billion catties, an increase of 177 over 2022600 million catties, an increase of 13%。This achievement is not easy to come by, and it can be summed up in five words: land, tools, people, money, and responsibility.
First, the area of cultivated land. We have secured 1.8 billion mu of arable land, and the sown area reached 17 percent last year800 million acres. That is to say, we have stabilized the chassis of grain through the expansion of the area. Second, the yield level. The yield increase rate is high, and the average yield per mu has increased by 29 kg. Well, the whole country must be a big number. Yields account for more than 60 percent of the total increase in total food production. Third, the enthusiasm of farmers. In order to enhance peasants' enthusiasm for growing grain, there is not only a minimum purchase price policy for wheat and rice, but also production subsidies for soybeans and corn. The initiative of the local government to grasp and promote grain has also been enhanced, not only politically honorable, but also economically not damaged, but also compensated, and the interests have been improved. Fourth, capital investment. In order to implement a new round of grain production capacity improvement actions, the state has increased investment in infrastructure, including the construction of high-standard farmland. In terms of subsidies, including insurance and finance, China has become the world's largest agricultural insurance country. We have a variety of agricultural insurance for grain and other agricultural products. In the past, it was "incomplete cost", but now it has begun to upgrade from "cost insurance" to "income insurance". These are all money-consuming, and it is this kind of real gold that makes the people have the enthusiasm to produce. Fifth, responsibility. The general secretary demanded that in terms of food security, we should not only look at the problem from the economic point of view, but also look at the problem from the political point of view. Food security is not only the responsibility of the main producing areas, but also the main sales areas and the production and marketing balance areas.
This year's grain ** put forward very clear requirements, to stabilize the area and increase the yield. That is, how to maintain the sown area at 17700 million acres. And more importantly, we must make great efforts to improve the yield level. The first is fertile land, focusing on the construction of high-standard farmland and improving the level of high-standard farmland construction. The second is good seeds, a seed changes a world. Last year's bumper harvest was due to the fact that the utilization rate of our improved varieties of corn, wheat and rice reached more than 95%. The third is a good opportunity, different places are suitable for different mechanical operations, and agricultural machinery should be developed in combination with local conditions. The fourth is the good law, which adopts intercropping and intercropping cultivation. Fifth, it is a good system, which leads the peasants to increase grain output through the use of new business entities. For example, socialized service organizations, family farms, farmers' cooperatives, etc., help farmers solve the problem of who will farm the land; We should explore the establishment of an inter-provincial interest compensation mechanism in production and marketing areas, so that the people can have the enthusiasm for production and the main producing areas will have the enthusiasm to grasp grain.
China is not only the largest country in terms of grain, but also the largest country in terms of meat and aquatic products. Last year, China's total meat volume reached 96.41 million tons, and aquatic products reached 71 million tons. China's aquatic products account for more than 1 3 of the world, of which 82% are farmed, which is absolutely rare in the world.
Zhu Qizhen. If we want to ensure grain production, we must first have enough arable land to ensure it. This cultivated land is not only in quantity but also in quality, especially for high-standard farmland construction. The second is to establish a big food concept and a big food concept. Adapt measures to local conditions, do whatever is suitable for you, and do not engage in one-size-fits-all. Finally, the improvement of land quality and the application of science and technology. Such as seeds, fertilizers, agricultural films, etc.
Facility agriculture covers facility breeding, facility planting, etc. For example, high-density chicken, pig and fish farming in the aquaculture industry. At the same time, facility agriculture accounts for a heavier proportion of vegetables and fruits. The Chinese do not just eat grain, we must eat meat, eggs, milk, and vegetables, so we must adapt measures to local conditions, and we must not ignore all aspects, and agriculture must develop in an all-round way, modernize, and develop in a balanced manner.
Wei Dedong. 
Last year, our cooperative actively responded to the call for the creation of "tons and half grains", and adopted the "water and fertilizer integration" technology for watering and irrigation in corn planting, increasing the planting density of corn from the traditional 4,500 plants per mu to 5,600 plants per mu. Through this "water and fertilizer integration" technology, the yield of corn has been significantly improved. This year, we plan to promote the integrated technology of water and fertilizer to more new business entities around us to jointly contribute to national food security.
Consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation.
Zhang Hongyu. Consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation is a clear requirement put forward after the elimination of absolute poverty in 2020. In 2021, 2022, and 2023, we all did really well, making a difference in both big areas. First, the monitoring of people who are vulnerable to falling back into poverty. After poverty alleviation, we have achieved accurate access to households and people who are vulnerable to returning to poverty. Second, industrial development, such as apples in Shaanxi, citrus in southern Gansu, tea, flowers, and medicinal materials in southwest China, has played an important role in helping farmers in poor areas get rid of poverty and become rich, and has also played an important role in consolidating poverty alleviation. Third, industry should promote employment and increase farmers' income. The income of rural residents in poverty alleviation areas increased by 84%。
It is precisely because of employment, industry, and poverty alleviation policies from the top to the local government that we can do not take off one or four things, not take off responsibility, do not get rid of help, do not get rid of policies, and do not get rid of supervision; One pick four do not pick, do not pick responsibility, do not pick policy, do not pick help, do not pick supervision. This is an effective connection between consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.
Strengthen the monitoring and assistance work to prevent the return to poverty to ensure that there is no large-scale return to poverty, and the agricultural and rural departments are implementing relevant work to do a good job in consolidation, adjustment and upgrading. It used to be quantity, but now it's about improving quality; It used to be the production side, but now in addition to the production end, there are also circulation ends and sales ends. Extend the industrial chain, improve the value chain, ensure the supply chain, improve the interest chain, and connect the chains.
Rural reform and development.
Zhang Hongyu. Rural reform begins with the land system, and the reform of the land system begins with the determination of the contract period. ** In the early 80s, the contract period was established for a period of 15 years. After the end of the first round of contracting, the second round of contracting will be carried out, which will remain unchanged for 30 years. At present, some places have successively expired the second round of contracts. In accordance with the ** requirements, it will be extended on this basis for another 30 years. **Rural Work Conference, this year's **No. 1 document requirements, **work report specifically proposed, to promote the whole province as a pilot. In the past, counties were used as units and cities were used as pilots. **The policy is very clear, big stability, small adjustments, respect for the wishes of farmers. In this process, the state demands great stability, must be principled, and must not change the collective ownership of land, change the cultivated land to a small extent, weaken the grain production capacity, and not infringe on the peasants' interests. This is the bottom line to be adhered to.
The reform of the rural property rights system is the second revolution of rural reform. The reform of the property rights system is a reform of the property rights system, and how to revitalize and make good use of the resource assets of barren mountains, barren slopes, woodlands, and pastures that are not collectively owned by the largest rural areas and are not assigned to one household. The second is operating assets, such as the factories of township enterprises. The third is non-operating assets, such as libraries and sports facilities that have been heavily invested by the cultural and sports departments. We should do a good job in this big article, and while finding out the bottom of our family, we should revitalize our resources and develop and expand a new type of collective economy.
Zhu Qizhen. China's constitution stipulates that in the rural areas, a two-tier management system based on the management of peasant households and a two-tier management system combining centralization and decentralization shall be implemented. Some people think that the farmer's operation seems to be outdated, but the actual farmer's operation has brought us tremendous development. We have gone from not having enough grain to have more than enough to eat in a bumper year, and until today we have had one bumper harvest after another, and the basic organizational form on which it is based is still that of peasant households. Many problems have arisen in the development of peasant households, the most prominent problem is aging, many old people are unable to do their jobs, and young people are gone. So what to do? ** Put forward a new type of business entity. The general secretary highlighted that rural revitalization should cultivate two types of subjects, cooperatives and family farms. The farm should become the basic organizational form of the village or modern agriculture of the future. Because the family farm inherits all the benefits of family farming, it can partially overcome the disadvantages of small family farming. However, the family-run farm is still an agricultural unit with the family labor as the main labor force. Therefore, it is a key focus of our work to support stable and modern family farms through the innovation of the land system.
New type of urbanization.
Zhang Hongyu. Since the reform and opening up, the speed of our urbanization development has been very fast. China's urbanization rate in 1978 was 179%, and the urbanization rate by 2023 is 6616%, or 45 years, our urbanization rate will increase by one percentage point every year. It is precisely because of the continuous increase in the urbanization rate that the number of agricultural workers is constantly decreasing.
In the next step, we will promote a new type of urbanization. So, what is the difference between the new type of urbanization and the past? In the past, we talked about urbanization, and the large, medium and small enterprises drove together, but in practice, it was found that more of them were developing in large cities, and cities were getting bigger and bigger, and medium-sized cities were barely developing, but small cities, including county seats, were relatively underdeveloped. Under the situation of changes in the external environment, how to further absorb the rich labor force to solve the problem of agriculture? How to increase farmers' incomes? Reducing the number of peasants is a very important aspect of increasing the income of practitioners. How to reduce the number of people employed in agriculture? We need to make a fuss about urbanization. Therefore, the Economic Work Conference and the Rural Work Conference, including Document No. 1, including the Work Report, once again emphasized the need to combine new urbanization and rural revitalization. From a spatial point of view, this new type of urbanization is earlier than the development of the county economy, that is, how to make small cities bigger and stronger.
* It is proposed to promote new urbanization with the county as the carrier, and the new urbanization and rural revitalization should be organically combined, including infrastructure, public services, human settlements, etc. The first thing to do is how to urbanize the labor force that has been transferred out of the labor force in the vicinity. 66The urbanization rate is 16%, which is the urbanization rate of the permanent population. Don't be like in the past, the city is the city, the countryside is the countryside, the city and the countryside are two cards, to play the two cards of the city and the countryside into one card, and then achieve sharing, win-win, and common prosperity.
Zhu Qizhen. The new type of urbanization is rich in connotation. However, there is one thing that is particularly important, in the past, urbanization was closed, and the elements of urban and rural areas could not flow, while the new urbanization must be the flow of urban and rural elements, and the integration of urban and rural development. In the past, people often asked the question: how can the countryside be revitalized when the young people are gone? In fact, only sufficient urbanization can provide greater development space for rural revitalization. We have been talking about the new type of business entity, the family farm, and only when people leave the land can the conditions be created for those who remain in the countryside to develop family farms of moderate scale. But this flow of elements is not one-way, but two-way.
In particular, the flow of people can flow to the cities or to the countryside, and the countryside will not decay. We may still be moving in one direction, especially in some villages, where their resources are pumped to the cities, and the countryside decays. Therefore, the decay of the countryside is not an inevitable phenomenon, but many of our policies are not in place. If we emphasize a new type of urbanization, the problem of rural decay will hopefully be solved.
During the two sessions. We'll revolve around.
The "three rural" keywords that netizens and friends pay attention to.
Go live. We look forward to your follow-up attention.
Edited by Wang Huiping.
Editor-in-charge丨Chang Ruimin.
Supervisor丨Zhong Qian.