(The text is about 1600 words, please read patiently, **17 sheets, containing "The World of Gardeners.")"The ** color printing is the author's original shooting. ）
Color, in the long history of civilization, has had a profound impact on society, culture, life, etc., and it is precisely because of different color symbols that the culture of different regions is brilliant. In daily life, the industrial products we use are inseparable from the color finishing, most of which come from industrial dyes (chemical colors).
In some fields, industrial dyes (chemical colors) cannot be replaced, such as food, beverages, daily chemical products, pharmaceuticals, etc., at this time, natural dyes are needed.
Natural dyes, derived from natural extracts, are generally non-toxic and harmless, with good biodegradability and environmental compatibility, and are characterized by soft color, natural, healthy and safe. There are three types of common natural dyes, namely plant dyes, animal dyes, and ore dyes, and now the ** of natural dyes is mainly from plant dyes, and plant dyes are dyed through coloring, which is the plant dyeing process.
Plant dyeing, also known as plant dyeing, referred to as plant dyeing, refers to a method of using various plants containing pigments to extract pigments to dye the dyed objects. When it comes to plant dyeing, many people are relatively unfamiliar, but it is closely related to our daily life, such as hair dyeing supported by plant dyeing, green food dyeing, household goods dyeing, high-end clothing dyeing, etc., because they meet ecological, health, environmental protection standards, plant dyeing products are favored by the high-end market, and the market demand is increasing.
According to academic research, plant dyes in China, as far back as the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty has historical records, we are familiar with the Confucian thinker Xunzi's "persuasion" "blue out of blue and better than blue", is to describe the plant dyeing process, indigo pigment is extracted from blue grass.
Today, plant dyeing is basically processed and produced through modern factories and mechanical equipment, and in remote minority areas, the original plant dyeing production process is still retained.
The first time I came into contact with the plant dyeing process was in 2019 when I communicated with Wang Qiong and Xu Zenglai, teachers from the plant dyeing research team of the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Province, and I was deeply impressed by the plant dyeing process.
Since then, I have been continuously collecting and researching plant dyeing technology, going deep into ethnic minority areas, museum observation, and learning plant dyeing technology, such as Xishuangbanna in Yunnan, Chongqing Three Gorges Museum, etc., so I want to concisely introduce the plant dyeing process through this article, so that more people can know about plant dyeing.
The plant dyeing process is called the plant coloring process, and the coloring process is divided into two major processes, namely the color-making process and the coloring process.
First, the color-making process.
The color-making process is divided into mineral color, plant color, and biological color, which is limited by the length of the article, focusing on the color-making process of plant color. The first step in the selection of raw materials for plant color is that many plants are natural pigments, such as purple-red can be extracted from sumac, perilla, and madder; The yellow-brown color can be extracted from gardenia and turmeric locust flowers; The blue color can be extracted from knotweed, horse blue, and wood blue.
The ancient method of plant dyeing preserved in ethnic minority areas is commonly used in the indigo dyeing process, and its general process is soaking, fishing, and making (adding lime), stirring, precipitation, drying, and indigo mud.
Modern color-making technology extracts plant color, often using pigment extraction method, pigment extraction generally adopts water-soluble extraction method, through insoluble natural dye solvent, and finally crushed extraction.
Mordant dyeing is also used in plant color making (divided into first mordant, same bath method, and later mordant), mainly through the extraction of mordant, and mordant is divided into natural mordant (such as vinegar, plant ash, alum, etc.), and metal salt mordant (such as copper acetate, iron acetate, aluminum acetate, etc.).
Second, the coloring process.
There are many categories of coloring processes, according to different product needs, coloring processes also have different requirements, and the common coloring processes are dyeing, coloring, discoloration, and burning. The dyeing process is generally applied to textiles (fabrics);
The color attachment process is generally used in painting, metal, glass and other industries; The firing process is generally used in glass, ceramics, metal and other industries. The following focuses on the application of plant dyeing and coloring technology in fabrics.
Cloth dyeing is divided into unpatterned dyeing and patterned dyeing, and unpatterned dyeing techniques include hanging dyeing, dip dyeing (often used for indigo dyeing) and boiling dyeing. The color of the cloth pattern is divided into tie-dyeing, sandwich dyeing, batik, pattern dyeing, rubbing, discharge dyeing, and silk dyeing
The most common pattern dyeing processes for plant dyeing are tie-dyeing, sandwich dyeing, and rubbing. Tie-dyeing was known as tie-dyeing and twisting in ancient times, and the traditional and unique dyeing process of folk is one of the traditional hand-dyeing techniques in China.
The process of tie-dyeing includes sewing method, bundling method, and wrapping methodFor example, the sewing method can obtain similar cloth patterns such as caterpillars, horse teeth, and closed by folding and flat sewing.
Pattern rubbing is divided into dry rubbing, wet rubbing, touching and poking, and the dry rubbing process uses plants and hammers to strike on the cloth to form different plant patterns; Wettop uses droppers, tool pens, plant pigments, and water to form patterns by dripping and stirring colors.
Pattern sandwiching, through the clamping board, rubber band, clips, etc., through the clipping, folding and dyeing, a variety of geometric dyeing patterns are formed.
The article about plant dyeing is introduced here, March is the time for the Internet celebrity flower sea - landscape red ground skin sowing seedlings, friends who like red ground skin can take a look at the introduction type of articles: classic 6 years: red ground skin application technology sharing (Part I), Classic 6 years: Red ground skin application technology sharing (Part II).