1. What is a public institution? The examination of public institutions, also known as the examination for the open recruitment of staff of public institutions, is entrusted by the personnel departments of each employing unit to the personnel examination centers under the personnel departments and bureaus of provincial, municipal and prefecture-level cities. (Public institutions, examination centers propose and organize registration, examination and submit the results list of employers, and some units organize and implement their own propositions). 
2. What are the categories of public institutions? Public institutions are generally institutions set up by the state with a certain public welfare nature, but they do not belong to the first organization, which is different from civil servants. At present, there are three forms of public institutions, namely:1.Fully funded public institutionsFully-funded public institutions are a form of management that is directly budgeted by the state, and this type of public institutions are usually schools, scientific research units, centers for disease control and prevention, business administration, etc., that is to say, the personnel costs and unit expenses in such institutions are provided by the state finance, and the wages and benefits are the most stable and can be guaranteed to be paid on time. 2.Differential appropriation institutionsThe budget of such a public institution is mainly composed of two parts, one part is the allocation of the state finance, and the other part is self-raised. At present, the salaries of most public institution personnel are paid by the government, and it is unknown whether this will be changed in the future. However, there is a high possibility that it will be changed to self-supporting units in the future, and it is said that public institutions in some places have already begun to do so. 3.Self-supporting institutionsFinally, there is the self-supporting public institution, which is also the most unstable of all public institutions, because this kind of public institution will not have state financial allocation, and it is mainly necessary to rely on its own hands to have enough food and clothing. But this does not mean that this kind of unit must not be able to be tested, it still depends on whether this kind of unit has a special input, if it can have income, it will not be worse than the previous two. However, at present, there are relatively few units that can do this. 
3. What are the 24 categories of public institutions in the state? 1.educational institutions; Institutions of higher education, including all kinds of colleges and universities, independent graduate schools (departments), etc.; secondary education institutions, including all kinds of secondary specialized schools, secondary vocational and technical schools, secondary normal schools, technical schools, etc.; basic education institutions, including primary and secondary schools, kindergartens, etc.; **Educational institutions, including all kinds of cadre management colleges, education (further education) colleges, party schools, regimental schools, staff universities, night universities, radio and television schools, correspondence schools, lecturer groups, various training centers, etc.; special education institutions, including all kinds of work-study schools, schools for the disabled, etc.; Other educational institutions. 2.survey and design institutions; Engineering survey institutes, design institutes, exploration teams, etc., these units are mainly responsible for the survey, design, measurement, monitoring, testing and other tasks of engineering projects, and are very important technical service units in the field of engineering construction. Specific survey and design institutions include China Geological Engineering Corporation, China Metallurgical Science and Industry Corporation, China Railway Engineering Group Corporation, China State Construction Group, etc., these units have professional technology and equipment in their respective fields, provide a full range of engineering and technical services, and play an important role in the construction and development of the country. 3.exploration institutions; Petroleum exploration institutions: responsible for the exploration, development and production of petroleum resources, including petroleum companies, petroleum exploration research institutes, etc. Natural gas exploration institutions: focus on the exploration, development and production of natural gas resources, including natural gas companies, natural gas exploration research institutes, etc. Mineral Resources Exploration Institution: Mainly engaged in the exploration and development of various mineral resources, such as metallic minerals, non-metallic minerals, rare minerals, etc. 4.scientific research institutions; Academies of Sciences: Academies of science in various countries are important institutions for conducting basic scientific research and advanced scientific research, such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, etc. University research institutes: Universities often have research institutes whose mission is to promote research and innovation in their disciplines. Research Institute: Specialized in research and innovation in a specific field, such as the Institute of Physics, the Institute of Biology, the Institute of Social Sciences, etc. 5.press and publication institutions; Newspapers, publishing houses, radio and television stations, news outlets, etc., these units are mainly responsible for news reporting, cultural dissemination, publishing and distribution, etc., and are important institutions in the field of culture. Specific press and publication institutions include the General Administration of Press and Publication of China, the Chinese Writers Association, the China Radio and Television Administration, and the press and publication bureaus at the provincial and municipal levels. In addition, there are some publishing houses, newspapers, magazines and other press and publishing units, which are mainly responsible for publishing books, newspapers, magazines, etc., and providing all kinds of cultural products and services. 6.radio, film and television institutions; It includes radio and broadcasting units, television stations (stations), film and television production units, projection units, and other radio, film and television institutions. 7.health institutions; All types of hospitals, township health centers, women's, children's and children's hospitals, disease control centers, health supervision bureaus, cooperative medical management offices, food and drug administrations, etc. 8.cultural institutions; Now all provinces and cities are basically cultural tourism merger, some also include sports, news, radio and television, involving a wide range of fields, in addition to cultural tourism, covering the field of work also cultural relics, museums, libraries, publishing, performing arts, art and so on. 9.agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and water institutions; Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and water institutions include agricultural service units, forestry service units, animal husbandry service units and water service units. 10.sports institutions; General Administration of Sports of the People's Republic of China Sports Department: responsible for the formulation of national sports policies and the promotion of sports, and the management of national sports teams and national sports projects. Faculty of Physical Education University of Physical Education: Cultivating sports professionals and carrying out sports research and education. Sports Training Center Sports School: Provide professional sports training and education to train excellent sports athletes and coaches. Sports Clubs Sports Teams: Sports organizations that focus on specific events, such as football clubs, basketball teams, track and field teams, etc. 11.meteorological institutions; The specific meteorological institutions may vary from country to country. Including meteorological management units, meteorological forecasting institutions, other meteorological units, etc. 12.**Institutions; **Bureau: The National ** Bureau is the highest authority in China's ** cause, responsible for the national ** monitoring, **early warning, ** disaster rescue and other work. The bureau consists of bureaus at all levels, and the bureau is a local management body directly under the bureau. Research institutions: Research institutions are mainly engaged in scientific research related to scientific research, including monitoring, scientific research, model establishment and verification, etc., to provide scientific basis and technical support. 13.transportation institutions; Transportation institutions include highway maintenance and supervision institutions, highway transport management institutions, traffic fee collection institutions, navigation institutions, and other transportation institutions. 14.environmental protection institutions; Competent departments of environmental protection: The environmental protection departments or environmental protection departments of various countries are the highest authority responsible for the management of national or regional environmental protection. For example, China's Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the United States' Environmental Protection Agency, Europe's European Environment Agency, etc. Environmental monitoring agency: an institution responsible for environmental monitoring and assessment, monitoring environmental air, water quality, soil and other indicators, and assessing the environmental status and pollution degree. For example, China's environmental monitoring station, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's monitoring department, etc. 15.information consulting institutions; Information Center, Consulting Service Center (Station), Computer Application Center, Information Office, Rural Socio-economic Survey Team, Enterprise Economic Survey Team, Urban Socio-economic Survey Team, etc. 16.surveying and mapping institutions; Including surveying teams (stations), comprehensive surveying and mapping teams, and other surveying and mapping institutions. Surveying and mapping institutions refer to institutions or organizations responsible for surveying and mapping, geographic information systems, remote sensing and other fields of surveying and mapping geographic information. 17.standard measurement, technical supervision, quality inspection institutions; The types of inspection and testing institutions include: standard measurement institutions, technical supervision institutions, quality inspection institutions, entry-exit inspection and quarantine institutions, and other inspection and testing institutions. 18.material warehousing, supply and marketing institutions; Including warehouses, supply and marketing stations, other material storage, supply and marketing institutions, etc. Material warehousing and supply and marketing institutions refer to institutions or organizations responsible for material warehousing management and supply and marketing business. 19.intellectual property institutions; Intellectual Property Publishing House, Intellectual Property Newspaper, China Patent Information Center, Intellectual Property Development Research Center, Patent Retrieval and Consulting Center, China Intellectual Property Training Center, etc., are basically all prefixes, and the place of work is generally in Beijing. 20.real estate services, urban utilities; Real estate trading centers, housing safety appraisal offices, housing construction service units, housing provident fund management centers, landscaping institutions, park management offices, urban sanitation offices, cleaning and sanitation teams, municipal public facilities management units, and other real estate service urban public utilities, etc. 21.economic supervision affairs institutions; Including law firms, tax agent firms, accounting firms, statistical firms, ** firms, and other economic supervision affairs institutions. 22.social welfare institutions; Welfare institutions, including nursing homes, welfare homes, orphanages, etc.; **Public institutions, including cadres rest homes, invalides, nursing homes, rest homes, hospitals for disabled soldiers, centers for the disabled, stations for the disabled, etc.; funeral institutions, including funeral parlors, crematoriums, etc.; Other social welfare institutions. 23.government logistics service institutions; Organ logistics support institutions, real estate maintenance institutions, reception service units, training institutions, printing and communication institutions, other organ logistics service institutions, etc. 24.other public institutions; Talent exchange centers (stations), technical exchange centers (stations), foreign affairs exchange centers (stations), fund clearing (settlement) centers, guest houses in field offices and other units. 
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Fourth, the difference between public institutions and civil servants is **First of all, the nature of work is different from the nature of the unit, and the country has very detailed and strict regulations on the salaries and benefits of civil servants. However, there are no detailed and strict regulations on the wages and benefits of personnel in public institutions, and they are either paid by the treasury or paid by the units themselves, as in the case of self-collection and self-expenditure. The second is the difference in the establishment, which is still quite big, civil servants are serious administrative establishments, are the official personnel of the first organization, are subject to the management of the state, will be more strict, and the personnel of public institutions are not the case at all, the establishment of public institutions is equivalent to an auxiliary establishment, and the management will be more flexible. To give the simplest example, doing a side hustle, civil servants will never be allowed to do a side hustle, once it is reported, it will be over, if you happen to be a small leader, then it is estimated that your career is the end. However, public institutions are relatively relaxed, and they generally turn a blind eye, as long as they are not too excessive, no one cares, and the severity is not as high as that of civil servants.