Pesticides are chemical substances that are mainly used to prevent, control, and exterminate pests that may be present in crops, such as pests, diseases, weeds, rodents, nematodes, etc. These pesticides include insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, plant growth regulators, rodenticides, nematicides, etc., and their use helps to improve the yield and quality of crops and protect the agricultural ecological environment. Today, we will introduce the classification of pesticides, including by mode of action, use, composition, toxicity, and dosage form, among others.
1. Classification according to mode of action.
1.Insecticides: Insecticides are mainly used to control pests in crops, such as green worms, locusts, borers, etc. The mechanism of action of pesticides includes contact killing, stomach poisoning, fumigation, systemic absorption, etc., which can act on pests in different ways.
2.Fungicides: Fungicides are mainly used to prevent and control diseases in crops, such as rust, brown spot, anthracnose, leaf spot, etc. The mechanism of action of fungicides includes protection, eradication, etc., and they can act on diseases in different ways.
3.Herbicides: Herbicides are mainly used to control weeds in crops, such as barnyard grass, sedge, dogtail grass, etc. The mechanism of action of herbicides includes contact killing, systemic absorption, root absorption, etc., and they can act on weeds in different ways.
4.Plant growth regulators: Plant growth regulators are mainly used to regulate the growth and development of crops, such as tillering, root growth, pollination, etc. The mechanism of action of plant growth regulators includes inhibition, promotion, induction, etc., and they can have an effect on the growth and development of crops in different ways.
5.Rodenticides: Rodenticides are mainly used to control rodent pests in crops, such as rats, voles, otters, etc. The mechanism of action of rodenticides includes contact killing, stomach poisoning, fumigation, etc., which can act on rodent infestation in different ways.
6.Nematicides: Nematicides are mainly used to control nematodes in crops, such as root-knot nematodes, cyst nematodes, etc. The mechanism of action of nematicides includes contact killing, stomach poisoning, fumigation, etc., which can act on nematodes in different ways.
2. Classification by use.
1.Agricultural pesticides: Agricultural pesticides are mainly used to control diseases, insects and weeds in crops, including insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, plant growth regulators, etc.
2.Hygienic pesticides: Hygienic pesticides are mainly used in the field of public health, such as insecticides, fungicides, etc.
3.Environmentally friendly pesticides: Environmentally friendly pesticides are mainly used in the field of environmental protection, such as microbial pesticides, plant pesticides, etc.
3. Classification by composition.
1.Inorganic pesticides: Inorganic pesticides are mainly composed of inorganic substances, such as copper sulfate, lime nitrogen, etc. The advantages of inorganic pesticides are low cost and low toxicity, but the disadvantages are low efficacy, short duration and easy decomposition.
2.Organic pesticides: Organic pesticides are mainly composed of organic matter, such as organophosphorus pesticides, organochlorine pesticides, pyrethroid pesticides, etc. The advantages of organic pesticides are high efficacy, long duration and easy degradation, but the disadvantages are high cost and high toxicity.
3.Biopesticides: Biopesticides are mainly composed of microorganisms, plants, and animals, such as Bacillus thuringiensis, matrine, insect pheromones, etc. The advantages of biopesticides are environmentally friendly, safe for humans and animals, and have little impact on non-target organisms, but the disadvantages are long production cycle, high cost, and unstable efficacy.
4.Organic-inorganic compound pesticides: Organic-inorganic compound pesticides are pesticides composed of a mixture of organic pesticides and inorganic pesticides, such as trichlorfon and zinc sulfur and phosphorus compounds, dimethoate oxide and copper preparations, etc. The advantages of organic and inorganic compound pesticides are that they can improve efficacy, reduce toxicity and prolong the duration of effect, but the disadvantage is that the production process is complex and the cost is high.
Fourth, according to the pesticide toxicity classification.
1.Highly toxic pesticides: Highly toxic pesticides refer to pesticides that are highly toxic by mouth and skin, such as organic mercury and organic arsenic. Highly toxic pesticides are very toxic and extremely harmful to human health and the environment, and their use has been banned or restricted.
2.Highly toxic pesticides: Highly toxic pesticides refer to pesticides that are poisoned orally and percutaneously, such as methamidophos, dichlorvos, etc. Highly toxic pesticides have high toxicity and are harmful to human health and the environment, so their use has been restricted.
3.Moderately toxic pesticides: Moderately toxic pesticides refer to pesticides that are low in toxicity through the mouth and through the skin, such as phosphine, dimethoate, etc. Moderately toxic pesticides have relatively low toxicity and are less harmful to human health and the environment, but it is still necessary to pay attention to the safety of use.
4.Low-toxicity pesticides: Low-toxicity pesticides refer to pesticides that are slightly toxic through the mouth and through the skin, such as malathion and trichlorfon. Low-toxicity pesticides have very low toxicity and little harm to human health and the environment, but it is still necessary to pay attention to the safety of use.
5. Classification according to pesticide dosage forms: Pesticide dosage forms refer to the different states and forms of pesticides processed into to facilitate use and storage. According to different classification standards, pesticide dosage forms can be divided into many kinds, among which the most common classification method is to classify according to the form and use of pesticide dosage forms.
1.Powder: Powder is a pesticide dosage form composed of a mixture of raw materials, fillers and carriers, which has the advantages of easy use and low cost, but the disadvantages are low efficacy, volatile and easy to drift. Powders can be divided into wettable powders and powders. WP refers to a pesticide dosage form that mixes the original drug, filler and a small amount of wetting agent, which has the advantage of easy use and low cost, but the disadvantage is low efficacy, volatile and easy to drift. Powder refers to a pesticide dosage form that mixes the original ingredient and filler, which has the advantages of easy use and low cost, but the disadvantage is low efficacy, volatile and easy to drift.
2.WP: WP is a pesticide dosage form that mixes the original drug, filler and a small amount of wetting agent, which has the advantage of easy use and low cost, but the disadvantage is low efficacy, volatile and easy to drift. WP can be divided into water-soluble WP and non-water-soluble WP. Water-soluble WP refers to a wettable powder that can be dissolved in water, which has the advantages of easy use and low cost, but the disadvantage is low efficacy, volatile and easy to drift. Non-water-soluble WP refers to a wettable powder that cannot be dissolved in water, which has the advantage of being easy to use and low cost, but the disadvantage is that it has low efficacy, volatile and easy to drift.
3.Emulsifiable concentrate: Emulsifiable concentrate is a pesticide dosage form formed by a mixture of the original drug, emulsifier and solvent, which can be applied by spraying or applying. Emulsifiable concentrate usually needs to be finely proportioned and processed during the production process to ensure the effectiveness and stability of pesticides. The advantage of emulsifiable pesticides is that they are easy to process and use, but its disadvantage is that pesticides remaining in the soil may cause pollution to the environment. Therefore, when using emulsifiable concentrate pesticides, it is necessary to strictly control the dosage and use methods to avoid harm to the environment.
4.Granules: Granules are pesticide dosage forms made by granulation process after mixing the original ingredient and filler. It can be applied by spreading, furrowing, or cavitating. The advantage of granules is that they are easy to use and are not easily washed away by water, but its disadvantage is that due to the large amount of filler material contained in the granules, the active ingredient content of pesticides is relatively low. Therefore, when using granules, it is necessary to choose the appropriate filler according to the actual needs to ensure the effectiveness of pesticides.
5.Aqueous agent: Aqueous agent is a pesticide dosage form made by spraying method after mixing the original drug, solvent and wetting agent. It can be used through equipment such as sprayers or sprayers. The advantage of aqueous agent is that it is easy to apply and has high efficiency, but its disadvantage is that it is easy to be washed away by water, and the validity period of the pesticide is relatively short. Therefore, when using aqueous agents, it is necessary to choose the appropriate spraying method and pesticide dosage form according to the actual needs to ensure the effectiveness and stability of pesticides.
6.Suspension: Suspending agent is a pesticide dosage form made by spraying method after mixing the original drug, dispersant and wetting agent. It can be applied through equipment such as a sprayer or sprayer. The advantage of the suspension agent is that the active ingredient content of the pesticide is relatively high and it is easy to apply, but its disadvantage is that it is easy to decompose and fail under high temperature and high humidity conditions. Therefore, when using suspension agents, it is necessary to choose the appropriate pesticide dosage form and spraying method according to the actual needs to ensure the effectiveness and stability of the pesticide.
7.Suspension emulsion: Suspension emulsion is a pesticide dosage form made by spraying method after mixing the original drug, emulsifier, dispersant and wetting agent. It can be used through equipment such as sprayers or sprayers. The advantage of suspension emulsion is that the active ingredient content of pesticides is relatively high and it is easy to apply, but its disadvantage is that it is easy to decompose and fail under high temperature and high humidity conditions. Therefore, when using suspension emulsion, it is necessary to choose the appropriate pesticide dosage form and spraying method according to the actual needs to ensure the effectiveness and stability of the pesticide.
8.Water-dispersible granules: Water-dispersible granules are pesticide dosage forms made by granulation process after mixing the original ingredient and wetting agent. It can be applied by spreading, furrowing, or cavitating. The advantage of water-dispersible granules is that it is easy to use, it is not easy to be washed away by water, and the validity period of pesticides is relatively long, but its disadvantage is that the active ingredient content of pesticides is relatively low. Therefore, when using water-dispersible granules, it is necessary to select the appropriate filler according to the actual needs to ensure the effectiveness of pesticides.
The above is the classification method of pesticides, there are many types of pesticides, and different pesticide application scenarios and use methods are also different. When using pesticides, we should pay attention to the toxicity of pesticides, the dosage form of pesticides and the use of pesticides, so as to avoid pesticides causing harm to human health and the environment. For example, when using pesticide dosage forms such as emulsifiable concentrate, granules and water agents, it is necessary to pay attention to the amount and method of use of pesticides to avoid excessive use of pesticides causing harm to the environment and human health. When using pesticide formulations such as suspension agents, suspension emulsions and water-dispersible granules, it is necessary to pay attention to the expiration date and storage conditions of pesticides to avoid harm to the environment and human health caused by pesticide failure or deterioration. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the impact of pesticides on the ecological environment and avoid excessive use of pesticides causing damage to the ecological environment.