With the adjustment of the national investment structure, the competition in the national construction market has become more and more intense, and the whole industry has entered an era of low profits. Therefore, in order to gain a foothold in the construction industry, the key to reducing losses and increasing profits for construction companies lies in how to control costs. The author believes that the key to reducing project costs lies in pre-planning, in-process control, and post-event analysis.
1. Plan and prepare in advance
Before the start of the project, the project management department should make preliminary preparations, select advanced construction plans, select reasonable material suppliers and suppliers, and formulate project cost plans for each phase, so as to be well informed.
1. Formulate advanced and feasible construction plans and formulate technical organization measures
The construction plan mainly includes four contents: the determination of construction methods, the selection of construction machines and tools, the arrangement of construction sequences and the organization of flow construction. Depending on the construction plan, the construction period will be different, and the machines and tools required will also be different. Therefore, the optimal selection of construction scheme is the main way for construction enterprises to reduce project costs. The formulation of the construction plan should be based on the contract period and the requirements of the superior, and comprehensively consider the scale, nature, complexity, site and other factors of the project. Several construction plans can be formulated at the same time, compared with each other, and the most reasonable and economical one can be selected from them. At the same time, an economically feasible plan for technical and organizational measures was drawn up and included in the construction organization design. In order to ensure the implementation of the technical organization measures plan and achieve the expected results, engineering and technical personnel, material personnel, and on-site management personnel should have a clear division of labor to form a one-stop implementation of technical and organizational measures.
2. Organize the signing of reasonable subcontracts and material contracts
The subcontract and material contract shall be through public bidding and bidding, and the manager of the company shall organize the relevant personnel of the operation, engineering, materials and financial departments to negotiate and discuss the contract with the subcontractor together with the project manager, and finally sign the formal subcontract and material contract by the manager of the company after repeated negotiations between the two parties. The bidding and bidding work should be carried out in line with the principle of fairness and justice, the tender documents are required to be sealed, and the bid evaluation work is attended by all members of the bidding leading group, not one person has the final say, and there must be layers of approval procedures. At the same time, the files of subcontractors and material suppliers should also be established to select the most reasonable subcontractors and material suppliers, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling expenditure.
3. Do a good job of project cost planning
Cost planning is the cost management preparation activity done before the implementation of the project, is the basis and prerequisite for the operation of the project management system, and is the target cost determined according to the internal contracting contract. The company shall, according to the construction organization design and the configuration of production factors, determine the monthly and quarterly cost plan and the total cost plan of each project according to the construction schedule, calculate the break-even point and target profit, as the basis for controlling the production cost of the construction process, so that the project manager department and the construction personnel can clearly know their target cost in advance no matter what kind of progress the project is carried out, so as to take corresponding measures to control the cost.
Second, the implementation of control in the matter
In the process of project construction, according to the selected technical scheme, the implementation and control are carried out in strict accordance with the cost plan, including the control of production material costs, the control of labor consumption and on-site management costs.
1. Reduce material costs
(1) Implement the first material collection and quota picking
In engineering construction, the material cost accounts for the largest proportion of the entire project cost, generally up to about 70%, and there is a greater potential for saving, often in other costs when there is a loss, to rely on the material cost savings to make up. Therefore, the saving of material costs is also the key to reducing engineering costs. The materials that constitute the cost of the project include the main materials and auxiliary materials, the main materials are the main materials that constitute the project, such as: steel, wood, cement, etc., and the auxiliary materials are the necessary means materials to complete the project, such as: oxygen, acetylene, saw, grinding wheel, etc. The main materials of the construction of the implementation of the quota of materials, according to the theoretical amount plus reasonable loss of the method and the construction team settlement, saving to give rewards, more than the construction team to bear their own responsibility, from the construction team settlement amount deduction, so that the construction team will be more reasonable use of materials, reduce waste loss.
The implementation of the quota issuance, first of all, to reasonably determine the quantity should be issued, the determination of the quantity can be based on the national or regional quota management department to determine the data, or the construction operation and the project quota jointly calculated and confirmed by both parties data. In short, it is subject to confirmation by both parties. The second is to implement the first receiving. **Receiving materials is an important part of the quota issuance, and it is the process of confirming the quantity of materials purchased by the project department by the construction team. The so-called ** receiving, is first counted by the receiver of the quantity, record and sign, followed by the material department of the receiver to count the quantity, acceptance registration, and then by the construction team to count and confirm, such as the number of insufficient or surplus, by the material department to solve. After the quantity to be issued and the actual quantity to be issued is determined, the construction team completes the construction, and the actual quantity used is confirmed again, and the rewards and penalties can be cashed.
Through the method of quota issuance and receiving, it not only controls the receipt and dispatch of materials"Short of two pounds"and make more rational and effective use of materials.
(2) Organize reasonable entry and exit of materials
There are often hundreds of materials in a project, so it is especially important to arrange the time for materials to enter and exit the site. First of all, the material plan should be prepared according to the quota and construction schedule, and the time for the entry and exit of materials should be determined. Because if you enter the site too early, you will pay the material supplier early, increase the interest on the company's loan, and may also increase the secondary handling fee, and some materials that are susceptible to moisture are more likely to be stacked for too long to cause them to be unusable, and they need to re-order, increasing the cost; If the materials enter the site too late, it will not only affect the schedule, but also may cause delayed fines or increase rush costs. Secondly, we should do a good job of material collection and feeding to reduce the material loss rate. The loss of materials is different due to different varieties, quantities, and laying positions. In order to reduce the loss, the project manager should organize engineers and cost engineers to determine a reasonable loss rate with the subcontractor according to the actual situation of the site, which will be used by the subcontractor, save the sharing of both parties, and deduct the project payment in excess, so that each subcontractor or construction personnel can be linked to its economic interests in terms of material consumption and reduce the material cost of the entire project.
2. Save on-site management costs
The on-site management fee of the construction project includes two components: the temporary facility fee and the on-site funding, and the income of these two costs is approved according to the construction task of the project. However, its expenditure does not vary proportionally to the size of the project, and its expenditure is mainly controlled by the project department itself. The production period of construction projects is long, as few as a few months, or as many as possible.
For one or two years, the expenditure on temporary facilities is a significant figure, which should generally be arranged in accordance with the principle of economic applicability, and should be a temporary structure that is easy to demolish, preferably a finished or semi-finished product that can be used in turnover. For the management of on-site funds, the following work should be done: first, the streamlining of personnel; The second is the management of engineering procedures and project quality, a project, in the specific implementation is often limited by time and conditions and can not be carried out smoothly on schedule, which requires reasonable scheduling, step by step; The third is to establish a QC team to promote the continuous improvement of management level and reduce management expenses.
3. Post-mortem analysis and summary
Postmortem is the beginning of the next cycle of ex-ante science, and it is the continuation of cost control work. On the basis of insisting on monthly and quarterly comprehensive analysis, we should take the method of looking back and timely checking, analyzing, correcting and supplementing to achieve the goal of controlling costs and improving efficiency.
1. According to the assessment system formulated by the project department
The cost management responsibility department, relevant departments, responsible personnel, relevant personnel and construction team assessment, the focus of the assessment is to complete the workload, materials, labor costs and machinery use costs four indicators, according to the assessment results to decide rewards and punishments and appointments and dismissals, reflecting the principle of rewarding the good and punishing the inferior.
2. Settle the total cost of completion in a timely manner
After the completion of the project, the project management department will turn to the new project, and should organize the relevant personnel to clean up the remaining materials and machinery on the site in a timely manner, dismiss the unwanted personnel, and pay the expenses payable, so as to prevent various expenses including management fees from continuing to occur after the completion of the project. At the same time, due to the transfer of construction personnel, all kinds of cost information is easy to lose, therefore, according to the cost accounting in the construction process, do a good job in the settlement of the total cost of completion, and according to the results, evaluate the cost management of the project, summarize its gains and losses, and reward and punish the project manager and relevant personnel in a timely manner.