The general trend of the world is divided and combined. Yugoslavia, which once stood at the top of the European continent, confirmed this sentence with its own experience.
As a socialist country, Yugoslavia was able to maintain its independence in the struggle for hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union, and created a unique path to becoming a strong country, which was inseparable from their leader, Tito.
However, it all had to do with Tito, and his death also plunged Yugoslavia into an increasingly intense **, eventually **seven states**.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Balkans were like a powder keg in Europe, and the smell of world war became more and more intense. At that time, the Austro-Hungarian Empire ruled the land, and in order to win the war, they began to recruit soldiers on a large scale.
It was in this context that Tito joined the army in 1913 and began to make his mark on the Balkans. Located in the eastern part of Europe, this peninsula is bordered by the sea on three sides, the Adriatic Sea in the west, the Black Sea in the east, and the Mediterranean Sea in the south.
This has led many countries to covet the Balkan Peninsula and not hesitate to use force to control this choke point in order to seek benefits. And the complex situation in the Balkans also provides an opportunity for these ill-intentioned countries to take advantage of.
The Balkans are an ethnically diverse region, including more than 10 ethnic groups such as Serbs and Croats. Due to the differences in customs, languages, religions and cultures of various ethnic groups, the peninsula has been sharp for a long time.
Although the Balkan Peninsula was ruled by the Roman and Byzantine empires successively and achieved a brief period of unification, due to the influence of the internal and external situation, it has repeatedly fallen into the predicament of the first place, and the alternation of division and merger has become the norm.
This state of disintegration reached its climax in the 20th century, with the outbreak of World War I in 1914 being the beginning of this climax.
In 1914, the Allies and the Entente were at loggerheads because of conflicting interests. In this tense war, Austria-Hungary, as a weak ally, was under tremendous pressure.
Tito's Austro-Hungarian team was defeated by the powerful Russian army in the Battle of Carpathia in 1915, and Tito and the rest of the army were eventually captured.
At this time, the communist movement was in full swing. While in prison, Tito was influenced by communist ideas and became interested in them.
After much deliberation, Tito was deeply attracted by the communist idea of equality and the goal of a society in which to live and work in peace, and he was determined to unswervingly believe in communism and strive to achieve this goal.
Tito, born in 1892, was the son of a peasant family in the Kingdom of Croatia under the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In an environment where there are many brothers and sisters and the state pays heavy taxes, he lives a poor life of being bullied and having no meals.
His family and social status made him a part of the bottom of society from an early age. However, it was these difficult life experiences that inspired Tito's desire to change society.
In order to survive, Tito joined the army, but unfortunately, he was defeated in the war and captured. However, fate does not seem to be fair to him, but it also brings him a turnaround.
Under the leadership of the Bolsheviks, Lenin launched the October Revolution that shook the world, and the world's first socialist state was born. In this historic event, Tito found the ideal he pursued all his life.
He understood that only through revolution could he change his destiny and change the injustice of society. Tito, who spent his whole life fighting for the realization of this ideal.
His story, full of tenacity and courage, inspires us to pursue change and achieve our ideals. No matter what kind of difficulties we face, as long as we have faith and determination, we will be able to change our destiny and change the injustice of society.
In the face of this groundbreaking event, Western society fell into a panic, and they began to use all kinds of means to obstruct it, in an attempt to stifle the fruits of the victory of the revolution by supporting the reactionary forces.
After a series of wars, the Russian Red Army suffered heavy losses, and in order to replenish his forces, Dzerzhinsky decided to take prisoners and involve them in the battle. Dzerzhinsky's decision was not a whim, but a deliberate one.
On the one hand, these captives were captured during the period of Tsarist Russia, and if it had not been for the revolution of Soviet Russia, they might still be suffering from endless darkness. Therefore, they were on the same side as Soviet Russia.
On the other hand, before the revolution, communist ideas had been widely disseminated, and these captives had also been more or less exposed to communist ideas and had a certain ideological basis.
With his heroic battles and firm ideals and beliefs, Tito won the affirmation of the leadership of Soviet Russia and became a member of the Communist Party. Subsequently, he led his comrades-in-arms to fight bravely on the battlefield and made great achievements for the Soviet Russian Red Army.
In the process, they also experienced the baptism of fire in the First World War, which eventually witnessed the crushing defeat of the Central Powers and the demise of Austria-Hungary. In the turbulent years that followed, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia were united to form the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
Tito's heart was filled with joy when he learned of the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and he made up his mind that he must return to his hometown alive and spread the idea of communism to every corner.
This unwavering belief allowed him to escape the life-and-death crisis in the civil war in Soviet Russia. In 1920, after the end of the civil war, Tito regained his freedom and returned to Croatia, the country he had longed for, and subsequently joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia.
However, the Yugoslav Communist Party was not recognized by ** and was soon declared an illegal organization. But Tito and the communist fighters did not give up because of this, they stuck to their convictions, secretly spread the party's ideas, and constantly strengthened the party's organization.
It is clear that there are risks hidden everywhere in this environment. In 1927, Tito was arrested and endured inhuman ordeals. However, these setbacks only made him stronger.
During his appeal, he was briefly released, but he escaped to Zagreb and managed to escape prison. Tito's heroic deeds became an example for the Yugoslav Communist Party, and he lived up to expectations by becoming secretary of the party congress and began to organize workers' demonstrations and other activities against oppression and exploitation.
The workers' movement was so powerful that the authorities used force to suppress it, and Tito was sentenced to five years in prison in 1929.
In the face of hardships and hardships, Tito calmly coped with them, and called on his comrades-in-arms to study communism and dedicate their lives to the communist cause. In 1934, Tito regained his freedom, was warmly welcomed by his party comrades and the masses, and was elected a member of the Politburo.
In the following four years, under the attention of the Comintern, Tito actively participated in various activities of the Comintern, worked hard to practice and study communist theory, and successfully organized the struggle of the Spanish people against Franco's regime, which attracted worldwide attention.
Tito's actions were deeply loved by the people, and effectively promoted the spread and rapid development of communism, and finally became the provisional general secretary of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia in 1938.
In 1938, when the Second World War was in full swing, how would the new leader, Tito, lead the Yugoslav Communist Party forward?
Titoism, that is, "to regard Hitler as the enemy of the Yugoslav people, and we must prepare for a war against aggression". In 1938, the Yugoslav Communist Party under the leadership of Tito issued a declaration against aggression, which attracted the attention of various countries.
At this time, the Yugoslav authorities, in collusion with the fascists, were strategic partners with each other. Tito's action angered the authorities, and the SACP suffered from brutal politics.
Under these circumstances, Tito had to move from the cities to the countryside, penetrate deep among the masses, vigorously develop guerrilla base areas, and accumulate strength. After two years of hard work, communism was widely recognized in rural Yugoslavia, and Tito's ability was obvious to all.
In 1940, Tito was transferred from provisional secretary to general secretary of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia.
Tito of Yugoslavia, the prophecy became a reality. Germany invaded Yugoslavia and established a puppet regime. Tito was furious and led the Yugoslav team and the people to launch an anti-aggression struggle.
As the top leader of the Yugoslav Communist Party, Tito was born at the bottom, but he had no shelf, and he always took the lead in his own hands. He traveled non-stop through the liberated areas throughout Yugoslavia, commanded 7 major battles, and organized a 200-mile long march.
He fought alone and went through many tests of life and death, but he was always able to save the day and survive in desperate situations.
Thousands of miles away, although the CPC and the Yugoslav Communist Party have shared the same weal and woe, they have always supported each other. In order to boost the morale of the soldiers, Tito also translated and printed books on the Long March of the Chinese Red Army for the soldiers to study.
This spark will eventually ignite the dawn of hope. In 1945, after the victory of the anti-fascist war and the establishment of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Tito became the rightful chairman, while also serving as Minister of Defense and Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces.
As a communist country, Yugoslavia seemed to be in alliance with the Soviet Union, the big brother of communism. However, to the surprise of the outside world, Tito put forward the idea of safeguarding sovereign territorial integrity, resolutely opposed the collective partition of the world, and launched an unprecedented non-aligned movement.
After the end of World War II, Yugoslavia was faced with a difficult situation of devastation and ruin, and was in urgent need of economic assistance from the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union was willing to help, but at the same time hoped to have political, economic, and military influence on Yugoslavia in order to consolidate its position.
However, Tito's resolute defense of national independence and non-alignment, and his unwillingness to sacrifice national development, sparked serious differences between the two sides. After many consultations, the positions of the two sides could not be reconciled, and the contradictions gradually escalated, finally reaching a climax in 1948.
In 1948, the Tito clique was expelled from the world communist movement by the Communist Intelligence Bureau, and the news shocked the world. Stalin's will was obvious, which led to the deterioration of relations between the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia.
Despite the blockage of the path of cooperation with the Soviet Union, Tito remained optimistic and turned to establishing ties with the United States. Since Churchill's Iron Curtain speech in the United States in 1946, the Cold War has been raging on a global scale, an event that has affected the world for nearly half a century, and is closely linked to the expulsion of the Tito group.
As relations between Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union became more and more estranged, the capitalist camp led by the United States was very happy about this. In order to demonstrate its strength and status in the international arena, the United States took decisive action and provided Yugoslavia with more than $100 million in aid.
However, Tito was not biased by this, he adhered to his principle of non-alignment, and maintained a firm neutral position in the whirlpool of hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union. Under his leadership, Yugoslavia continued to develop in the direction of greater prosperity and progress.
As the country's strength grew, Tito also dared to openly question and criticize the Soviet model of development, and firmly stated that Yugoslavia would follow its own path.
Under Tito's leadership, the Yugoslav Communist Party became the only communist organization independent of the Moscow regime and always adhered to the principle of neutrality. Tito's socialist ideological system, which was suited to the national conditions of Yugoslavia, was also called "Titoism" by later generations.
Titoism emphasized independence and neutrality, and was more flexible and diverse in the oppressive atmosphere of the Cold War. As a result of this thinking, Yugoslavia's economy grew at a high rate, with an average annual industrial growth rate of 9% between 1947 and 1978, far exceeding the world average.
In addition, Yugoslavia's agriculture has also achieved remarkable results, with abundant grain depots and an annual growth rate of 62%, which is among the best in the world.
Through post-war reconstruction, Yugoslavia succeeded in transforming itself from starvation everywhere to having enough food and clothing for all, living and working in peace and contentment. In this process, Tito's ideals were also initially realized.
Yugoslavia's non-aligned policy has led to a rise in the country's global recognition, and tourism has flourished, attracting a staggering 6 million tourists a year, more than a quarter of Yugoslavia's own population.
According to the data, by 1976, 36% of households in Yugoslavia owned a car, every 1Eight families have a television, and children enjoy free eight-year compulsory education.
These achievements were achieved in the 70s of the twentieth century, when most countries were generally backward, especially for the post-war reconstruction of the country, Yugoslavia was already far ahead of the curve, becoming a moderately developed country and one of the richest countries in Eastern Europe.
While each family has its own troubles, Yugoslavia has its own unique challenges, namely the significant gap between the rich and the poor. Yugoslavia can be geographically divided into three regions: northern, central and southern, as well as in economic development.
From north to south, Yugoslavia can be divided into three regions: developed, medium and poor. In order to deal with this problem, Tito has implemented various assistance programs, including economic and human resources.
These measures alleviated the internal contradictions to a certain extent, but the problems were not completely resolved, which also laid the groundwork for the later disintegration of Yugoslavia.
The disintegration of Yugoslavia is a well-known fact. As a multi-ethnic country, Serbs are the largest ethnic group in Yugoslavia, accounting for 36% of the total population.
As a leader, Tito naturally did not want to be alone, and he took a series of measures to consolidate his rule and stabilize the political situation. He divided new ethnic groups from the Serbs, purged Serb cadres, etc., in order to weaken the Serbs.
At the same time, he added the Yugoslav ethnic group and encouraged people to move from the old to the new, so as to achieve a great unity of national identity. From the point of view of safeguarding sovereignty, these measures are a good strategy.
However, Tito, the spiritual leader of Yugoslavia at that time, was already old and did not have enough time to wait for the growth of the Yugoslav nation.
The inheritance of faith is not only a spiritual and cultural inheritance, but also a continuation of the bloodline family, which is not easily severed. Yugoslavia has many ethnic groups, but none of them has more than half of the population, and in this case, their cohesion is like a plate of sand.
And Tito is the best glue to lead Yugoslavia to liberation and prosperity, without him, the future of Yugoslavia is worrying. When Tito died in 1980 at the age of 88, 209 delegations from 128 countries around the world came to pay his respects.
Tito had already made plans for his posthumous affairs and implemented a rotation system of taking turns to sit in the village to ensure the representation of all ethnic groups. However, for a country that lacks cohesion, this policy is undoubtedly fatal.
After Tito's death, various contradictions in Yugoslavia intensified, tensions in the Balkans escalated again, and the country fell into turmoil for 10 years. In 1991, the collapse of the Soviet Union, the big brother of socialism, exacerbated the turmoil in Yugoslavia.
Soon after, Slovenia, Croatia and Macedonia declared independence from Yugoslavia.
In the years that followed, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro became independent. By 2008, Kosovo had declared independence from Serbia, and the International Court of Justice found that it had not violated international law.
It should be noted that Kosovo's international status is still controversial and is recognized by only 108 countries. Among these 7 countries, except for Croatia, which has emerged in the international community with its top three football teams in the world, the other countries have a weak presence and do not have much influence.
Fragmentation and independence have had a serious negative impact on the development of countries, which clearly demonstrates the truth that unity is strength and only weakens it. People often know how to cherish it after they have lost it, and the once powerful Yugoslavia and Tito have become a common memory of the people of all countries.
On the 118th anniversary of Tito's birth in 2010, thousands of people from seven countries gathered at his tomb to celebrate, an event that received wide attention from the world's largest and fully demonstrated Tito's great influence.
There are countless such activities, and even though Tito has been dead for 43 years, the people of the seven countries still have a deep sense of nostalgia for him.
The emergence of Tito is a heroic deed in troubled times, he not only brought the first period of development to the people of the Balkan Peninsula, but also laid a solid foundation for the spread of communism.
Although there is no regret medicine in the world, Tito's influence is still missed. For those of the seven countries who miss Tito, they hope that the next Tito will lead them to awaken the sleeping Balkan tiger again.