Most people who like the history of the Ming Dynasty know that Zhu Qizhen of Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty came to the dynasty twice in his life and experienced many major events, such as: the siege of civil engineering, the restoration of Nangong, the killing of Yu Qian, and the pacification of the "Cao Shi Rebellion".
Historically, there have been mixed evaluations of him, some say that he is benevolent and generous, and some say that he slaughtered heroes indiscriminately. Today, let me look up some historical materials to expand on him.
Zhu Qizhen. This is the emperor.
Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen (1427-1111-1464), the eldest son of Zhu Zhanji of Ming Xuanzong, was made the crown prince three months after his birth, the sixth (orthodox) and eighth (Tianshun) emperors of the Ming Dynasty, reigned twice before and after, a total of 22 years. (Interspersed in the middle is the seventh emperor, his half-brother Zhu Qiyu).
Zhu Zhanji died young, and Zhu Qizhen succeeded him at the age of nine. But he is not from the middle palace, but Zhu Zhanji's "eldest son". Regarding Zhu Qizhen's succession, it set off a lot of waves in the court, and the two women dragged him to the emperor's throne.
Empress Dowager Zhang (?) A 1442).
Zhu Qizhen's grandmother. After Zhu Zhanji's death, he entrusted his mother Zhang to assist Zhu Qizhen, and together with "Sanyang" and Zhang Fu and other ministers, he was in charge of the government. Zhang's knowledge of people is good at making decisions, caring about Chinese and foreign political affairs, suppressing foreign relatives, and erecting a dynasty outline, with a very high prestige in the imperial court, and is praised by later generations.
Zhu Qizhen's biological mother, the Empress Dowager Sun (?) A 1462).
Before the Hu family was deposed, she was only Zhu Zhanji's imperial concubine. It seems to be one step away from the queen, but in fact it is a world of difference. This man is scheming, greedy for power, and single-mindedly seeks the throne.
In history, she and Zhu Zhanji knew each other since childhood, and she was a childhood sweetheart, and she was deeply favored by Zhu Zhanji. In order to seize the position of the queen, she unscrupulously borrowed the palace maid to get pregnant, and took Zhu Qizhen as a presumption. I don't know what means were used, maybe it was the success of the invitation, and three months later, Zhu Zhanji made Zhu Qizhen the crown prince. Then Zhu Zhanji abolished Empress Hu and canonized her as the new middle palace.
But there is no impermeable wall in the world, and the news of Sun's fake pregnancy blew outside the palace, and it became more and more intense.
Before Zhu Zhanji's death, in order to maintain the bloodline of the Zhu family, the foreign vassal kings and ministers of the court asked Zhu Zhandong, the king of Lixiang, to be the emperor (Zhu Zhanji's younger brother), but the empress dowager sternly refused.
Empress Dowager Zhang (?)
Eunuch Wang Zhen. In history, the young son must be sincerely afraid of ascending the throne, and Zhu Qizhen should be no exception. In addition, he succeeded to the throne as the "eldest son" and personally experienced the turbulent transfer of power, which may have left many shadows in his heart.
Coincidentally, Zhu Zhanji arranged for him to accompany him one by one in the East Palace when Zhu Qizhen was young, and the eunuch Wang Zhen.
Wang Zhen, (?) 1449), a native of Ulzhou in the Ming Dynasty (now Wei County, Hebei).
In history, Wang Zhen is "cunning", and his scheming is rare in the world. This person can read and write, worked as a local instructor, and felt hopeless, so he waved a knife from the palace to the Forbidden City as a eunuch, which shows how great the courage of the future generations is.
He taught Zhu Qizhen culture, accompanied him to grow and play all the way, and successfully delineated the shadow accumulated in his heart in his childhood. Let Zhu Qizhen both rely on and respect, and call him "sir" instead of his name, you can imagine his weight in Zhu Qizhen's heart. The days are long, and the close attendants accompany them, and the feelings are very deep. In this way, Wang Zhen slowly induced him and realized the control of Zhu Qizhen step by step.
Wang Zhen hid and stung, bent his knees with groveling, patience and humility, and wanted to naturally bid farewell to the mountains that were always in front of him.
However, his sting could not escape the eyes of the empress. The old man repeatedly mentioned it, and asked the guards to put a knife on his neck to keep him from doing evil, which frightened Wang Zhen to the point of heartbreak.
But after all, human life cannot be as long as time.
In 1442, the Empress Dowager died. The "Sanyang" who made Wang Zhen unable to avoid either went with the Queen Mother, or became old and faded out**.
Zhu Qizhen was able to pro-government and began to fly. Wang Zhen also got rid of the shackles and began to show off his might.
Over the years, Zhu Qizhen has obeyed him. After the pro-government, he was promoted to the eunuch of the ceremonial supervisor Bingbi, and the Dongchang and Jinyi guards. Next, Wang Zhen moved away from the iron card set up by Zhu Yuanzhang that "ministers are not allowed to interfere in political affairs, and offenders will be beheaded", suppressed courtiers, excluded dissidents, cultivated his own forces, and successfully kidnapped Zhu Qizhen, and for a time turned power into the government and the opposition, and became the actual ruler of the orthodox dynasty.
Wang Zhen, (?) The Siege of Civil Engineering.
In June 1449, the Mongol Warat also misrepresented the accounts for the tribute, in an attempt to receive more rewards. Wang Zhen made a hindrance from it, and the conspiracy failed, so he divided the cavalry across the Great Wall to invade, and he personally led a large army from Datong and Xuanfu into the Central Plains, and there was a great tendency to approach Kyoto.
The report of the battle reached Beijing, and after the court's discussion, the imperial court decided to send the attached horse Jingyuan to meet the battle.
But the next day suddenly changed, Wang Zhenwei hugged and instigated Zhu Qizhen to drive in person. Zhu Qizhen was instigated by Wang Zhen, and despite the persuasion of ordinary courtiers such as Kuang Yu, the secretary of the military department, Yu Qian, the squire of the military department, and Wang Zhi, the secretary of the ministry, he insisted on going his own way, and led an army of 500,000 (actually 200,000) to attack on July 16.
The Ming army of the civil engineering change was almost completely wiped out, and everyone is familiar with it, and the process will not be repeated. But how did this tragedy come about?
The 200,000 troops of the Ming army went all the way to the north and drove to Yanghe, because they did not dare to rashly confront each other head-on, coupled with the heavy rain falling from the sky, the grain and grass could not be followed, and the morale of the troops was low, and the idea of retreating was decided by Wang Zhen, and Zhu Qizhen agreed.
The original plan was to retreat the army from Yanghe, Xuanfu, and Juyong Pass to Beijing, but Zhu Qizhen also agreed.
On the way back to the army, Wang Zhen suggested a detour to his hometown of Ulzhou, and then return to Beijing through the Bauhinia Pass, and Zhu Qizhen agreed again.
The army marched again and marched 40 miles, Wang Zhen was worried that the soldiers and horses would trample on his crops, and suggested retreating back to Beijing as originally planned, but Zhu Qizhen still agreed.
Retreating to Tumu Fort, Kuang Yu, the secretary of the military department, suggested that the troops go to the Acropolis to garrison and avoid the pursuit of Yexian, but Wang Zhen sternly refused, Wang Zhen ordered to camp on the spot, and Zhu Qizhen still agreed.
Is there such a command? This is a complete ignorant military blindness.
All the dispatches of the Ming army were mastered first, and he knew everything about it, giving him an opportunity to take advantage of. In addition to the soldiers who fled and were captured, more than 100,000 soldiers of the Ming army died under the knife of the Wara cavalry, and so many innocent lives were buried in the Tumu Fort in vain.
Are there any military generals in the army who command the battle? Yes. Is there an elite cavalry? Yes. Is there any ammunition for firearms? There are also. But why did he fail, and he was so confused, this was completely Wang Zhen's complete kidnapping of Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen.
Map of the situation of the Siege of Civil Engineering.
Nangong restoration. In September 1449, Empress Dowager Sun issued a decree to let Zhu Qiyu be appointed to succeed to the emperor's throne, and Zhu Jianshen, the eldest son of Zhu Qizhen, was appointed as the crown prince. But it also led to a bloody tragedy in the future.
also felt that Zhu Qizhen had no use value, so he let out his words and agreed to negotiate peace with the Ming court and return Zhu Qizhen.
At this time, the tiger-wolf-like courtiers had a dispute with Zhu Qiyu.
Let's take a look at the following record, which is a real historical material about welcoming back to Zhuqi Town.
The minister Wang Zhi and other envoys were welcomed, and the emperor was displeased and said, "I didn't want to ascend to the throne. Qian calmly said, the position of heaven has been decided, Ning Fu has him, Gu Li should be greeted as soon as possible. In case he is deceitful, I have a resignation. The emperor changed his face and said, "From you, from you." 'Successively sent Li Shi and Yang Shanxiang. ”
In history, Yang Shan's skillful tongue is like a spring and he is loyal to the former master.
According to the analysis of later generations, when he sold his property and went to Mobei to welcome back Zhu Qizhen, he had his political considerations, because it turned out later that he was in the same group as Xu Youzhen, Shi Heng, and Cao Jixiang. Although this group of people has made meritorious contributions, they are consumed by the desire for profit and coerce the emperor to respect themselves, and they are finally shamed by history.
Yang Shan is a master of language, and he was very happy when he went to Mongolia, and fooled the Warat people. His duty was originally to visit, but in the end, he did not waste a soldier or a soldier, and took the Emperor Zhu Qizhen back with one person and one horse.
What should I do when the two dragons meet? In the face of the highest power, Zhu Qiyu was unrelenting.
After a short meeting, he imprisoned Zhu Qizhen and his wife in Nangong Villa.
He ordered people to cut down the big trees around Nangong, and the guards in brocade clothes monitored day and night. And the lock of the door was filled with lead and mercury, and no one could open it without his order. Only make a small hole in the door and pass food and water. Its meaning is self-evident, let Zhu Qizhen die of old age in Nangong during his lifetime.
I don't know if this is Zhu Qiyu's cruelty or mercy.
Zhu Qizhen lived in Nangong for eight years.
During this period, Zhu Qiyu abolished Zhu Jianshen, the crown prince of the Orthodox Dynasty, and set up his son Zhu Jianji as the crown prince, wanting to continue his own bloodline and dynasty. But history played a joke on him, and soon after, Zhu Jianji died, and Zhu Qiyu's harem did not bear fruit for him.
There are unpredictable circumstances. In the eighth year of Jingtai (1457), the young Zhu Qiyu was inexplicably ill, and it was rumored in the palace that Zhu Zhanji's brother Zhu Zhan was the crown prince again.
At this time, courtiers from all walks of life, including Yang Shanzai, began to make their own small calculations, wanting to find a good owner in the future and seek greater benefits.
So under the planning of Xu Youzhen (Zhu Qizhen was the first assistant of the cabinet after he ascended the throne again), the eunuch Cao Jixiang responded internally, and the military general Shi Heng led the soldiers to smash open the gate of the South Palace, and used the cover of the night and Zhu Qizhen's identity to lead him to the dragon chair again. After dawn, the courtiers arrived, and immediately ascended the throne, changing the era name to Tianshun (1457-1464). It is known as the restoration of Nangong in history.
There is no need to talk much about the process here, and then, Zhu Qiyu, Emperor Jingtai of the Ming Dynasty, was demoted to the king of Yu, and died of illness soon after.
After the restoration, in order to fulfill his promise, Zhu Qizhen rewarded Xu Youzhen, Shi Heng, and Cao Jixiang and a group of people. Not only did it benefit him, but he also sealed their family and relatives separately, and it is said that as many as 3,000 people were rewarded at one time. This is fulfilling what promise, it is completely a materialistic kidnapping, treating the imperial court as the *** on the rivers and lakes and ignoring the family and the country, and finally causing the tragedy of the "Cao Shi Rebellion" again.
Zhu Qiyu. Yu Qian's death.
After Zhu Qizhen ascended the throne, he carried out a bloody liquidation of Daizong's old ministers who rebelled against him, including Yu Qian. But he knew in his heart that Yu Qian was a hero who defended the country, and the defense of Beijing made great contributions to the Ming Dynasty, so he said: "Yu Shaobao is a good person." But is it possible? Surely not, what is the reason for his successful restoration? What is the reason for becoming emperor again?
History of the Ming Dynasty records what Yu Qian did when Nangong was restored.
In the battle to seize the door, Xu Shi conspired, knew about it left and right, and repaid him. When the heavy soldiers are in hand, destroying Xu Shi is like destroying the withered ears. ......Fang Xushi entered the southern city at night, and the public knew about it, but he was not moved, and listened to the restoration of Yingzong. ......The public cover can not die, and Gu Yi dies to protect the society.
This is the innocent Yu Qian left to future generations. His light shines on the rivers and mountains.
The indecisive Zhu Qizhen gave Yu Qian a holy decree alone.
Yu Qian ......This guy knows that the sin is deep, and I am afraid that I will not tolerate ,......Entangled with his henchmen Governor Fan Guang and others, they wanted to capture the chief soldier Shi Heng and others, and set up a foreign domain to establish a private favor and shake the ...... of the sectChin this!