Prussia only began to seek legal protection of the person in the 18th century, and as the bureaucracy became more complex in the state, they began to seek legal pride.
The law transforms all States** into State officials and obliges them in the exercise of their political rights. Although the Prussian state was still in the stage of the monarchy, the monarch still had decision-making power and had certain guarantees in the matter of reducing the number of people who were dismissed at will.
But bureaucrats still have to bear legal sanctions, including criminal liability and compensation for damages. The real masters of the country's destiny were the Junker aristocracy, the most honorable estate owners in Prussia, each with an army and an independent position at home.
During the reign of Friedrich I, military training was continuously strengthened and the size of the army was expanded, making it the center of the state. In terms of selection, Prussia introduced a system of apprenticeships to train people with political knowledge and experience.
In 1808, Prussia formally reformed the administrative apparatus and incorporated the system of examination commissions into the ***
In the late reign of Prussia II and the reign of his successors, formal university education became the basic way to acquire the best qualities of the state. Every member of the state had to be selected in this way, and the level of education in Prussia was significantly improved.
At this time, Prussia had changed from a military field to a financial, legal, and literary dominance, and the selected talents needed to go through a series of training and training before they could enter the administrative track.
Despite this, Prussia's military heritage remained strong, and as a state built from the army, the whole country was imbued with an atmosphere of discipline, loyalty, and patriotism.
In real life, Prussian leaders also realized the importance of training their own officers by training their armies, and placed the servicemen of these armies in civilian jobs.
He injected the obedience, frugality, and professionalism advocated in the army into the administrative work of officialdom, and let these values penetrate deeply into the spirit of Prussia.
This spirit was not only influenced by the military, but also derived from Luther's Protestant theories, including part of their Pietism. However, as time goes on, they begin to perceive work as a pain and suffering, a sacrifice for a good daily routine.
Under this concept, they gradually opposed Lutheranism. Despite this, they are still guided by a rationalist sense of responsibility, advocating that the country should be put first, and at the same time, they should learn to think, endure, and abandon their self-concept in their work.
In the military, there is nothing wrong with emphasizing obedience and responsibility. However, their absolute demands for allegiance and obedience undoubtedly reflect the color of bureaucracy, and also reveal the deep-rooted bureaucracy in the country.
Although Prussia did not rule for a long time in history, it gradually changed from a monarchy to a democratic society. As Lenin said, Prussia was a feudal and bureaucratic state, and its bureaucracy, which was not based on democracy, is undoubtedly the clearest manifestation of its historical characteristics.
The Prussian bureaucracy was not only a traditional culture, but also a reflection of the real changes of the era. Although this change is Prussian, it has the blood of a rational bureaucracy in its veins.
So what made it possible for Prussia to form a democratic bureaucracy? The answer may need to be found in the country's history, economy and culture.
In exploring the long history of the Prussian state, we cannot ignore the role of its religious order. They lived on the shores of the Baltic Sea, expanded eastward and fought to create the Prussian Knights and establish the first administrative body for Germany.
Juncker played multiple roles in the Prussian state, as a landowner, slave owner, and military chief, as well as control over the employer's jurisdiction, the police, and the judiciary, as well as law enforcement and legislation.
They monopolized warfare, used grain exports to expand their economic power, maintained their independent territorial status, and even placed their gang leaders in a dependent position. Marquis Brandenburg raised an army for his own centralization plan and realized that Junkers' class independence could pose a threat to his dominance.
While developing its military strength, the Kingdom of Prussia became more and more obvious. They established a strict system of centralization and implemented a series of repressive policies, which eventually formed a national model of military and co-governance.
This model laid a solid foundation for the establishment of the Kingdom of Prussia. They unified their territories with a strong army, and maintained their population and military power through frugality and careful administration.
Although at the end of the 18th century, Prussia lagged behind other countries politically and economically, it was unique in the field of ideas, especially during the Enlightenment, when they led the educational progress of the entire country and thus contributed to the development of the overall capacity of the people.
German scholars believe that the Enlightenment was an education that truly led the development of the country.
Although they did not have enough political and economic influence, they achieved ideals that they never had through the field of education. During the Enlightenment, education in Germany made significant progress, not only with the establishment of several universities as centers of the Enlightenment, but also with the establishment of schools and educational institutions in various places.
These new universities and schools produced a large number of knowledgeable, literate public officials who were deeply influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment. These public officials changed the original appearance of the Prussian state in terms of ** and laid the foundation for subsequent reforms.
At the beginning of the 19th century, Europe's economic system began to shift from mercantilism to liberalism, and Prussia, which was relatively backward, faced the challenge of transformation. However, capitalist countries like Germany were transformed very quickly, completing the Industrial Revolution very quickly, creating many miracles that had never been seen in European history.
These miracles were largely made possible by the Prussian state. The Prussian state played an important role in the political, economic and social life of the country.
The army is indispensable in maintaining the order of the country, and the allegiance and obedience of the army are crucial to maintain the rule of the upper echelons in the era of **ism. Under the influence of liberal ideas, the bureaucracy of that era contributed to the spread of bourgeois liberal ideas.
The morality left behind by that era made them respect the idea of the state and put the country first.