The first lord was sick, entrusted to be lonely in Prime Minister Liang, Shangshu ordered Li Yan to be the deputy, to Yan as the protector of the central capital, to unify the internal and external military, and to stay in Yong'an - "Three Kingdoms".
Zhuge Liang stills.
In 219 AD, Sun Quan took advantage of Guan Yu's Northern Expedition to send the general Lü Meng to raid Jingzhou, Guan Yu suffered from the enemy on his back, and fled to Linfang when he was defeated, and was ambushed by Wu General Ma Zhong, and the Wu-Shu alliance was completely broken since then, and the two countries turned against each other.
In the first year of Zhang Wu (221 years), soon after Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty, Liu Bei also ascended the throne in Chengdu and called the emperor, three months later, Liu Bei played the banner of avenging Guan Yu, and the royal driver personally conquered Sun Quan, wanting to recapture Jingzhou, after Sun Quan heard the news, he sent a messenger to Liu Bei to ask for peace, Liu Bei did not agree, after the two armies held each other for seven and eight months, the Shu Han army was defeated in Yiling, Liu Bei almost wiped out the whole army, lost tens of thousands of people, Liu Bei felt ashamed of this, Liu Bei was ill in April of the following year, and died of illness in Yong'an.
When Liu Bei's life entered the countdown, he urgently summoned Zhuge Liang and Li Yan to Yong'an to explain the future, often when the new and old regimes alternated, various forces were intricate and prone to turmoil, Liu Bei was shrewd and naturally understood the truth, so he arranged the auxiliary minister structure of "Liang Zheng Yan Deputy", as the name suggests, Liu Bei entrusted the young lord Liu Chan to the prime minister Zhuge Liang and Shangshu Li Yan, and Zhuge Liang was the positive, Li Yan was the deputy, and Zhuge Liang was in charge of the administrative power, and Li Yan was in charge of the military power.
It can be seen from Liu Bei's entrustment that in addition to Zhuge Liang, Li Yan is also a designated entrustment of orphans. So as the core figure of the Shu Han regime, Zhuge Liang, why did Liu Bei give military power to Li Yan during his lifetime? I'm afraid this has to start with the factions of the Shu Han regime.
Since Liu Bei ascended the throne, his foundation has been unstable, and there are three forces in the Shu Han regime, namely local forces, Liu Zhang's old department, and Liu Bei's cronies.
Liu Bei stills. (1) Local forces (Yizhou Group).
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in turmoil, the royal family was weakened, and the dynasty was chaotic, Liu Yan proposed to Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty to send the incorruptible ** to the local state as the governor, and invited himself to serve as the pastor of Yizhou.
Liu Yan was on the way to Yizhou, Yin Jian was killed by Ma Xiang, the leader of the Yellow Turban Army, and Ma Xiang was killed by Jia Long, a powerful local family, a few days after he became emperor in Yizhou, Jia Long was immediately welcomed Liu Yan into Shu, and Jia Long was appointed as a lieutenant by Liu Yan for his meritorious service in suppressing the Yellow Turban Army.
At that time, the local heroes in Yizhou led by Jia Long, they hoped that Liu Yan would be a puppet commander and take the military and political power in their own hands, but Liu Yan was not a cowardly and incompetent person, he also wanted to take charge of Yizhou alone, but Liu Yan, who had just arrived, had no soldiers and no power, and it was not easy to gain a foothold.
Liu Yan initially implemented a series of policies that were beneficial to the people, and soon won the support of the people, and after he gained a firm foothold, he began to crack down on the local Haoqiang, killing Wang Xian, Li Quan and more than a dozen other people under the pretext, which led to the Jia Long Rebellion, Jia Long was defeated and killed, and the contradiction between Liu Yan and Yizhou Haoqiang began to intensify.
Hundreds of soldiers led by Jia Long in the state were in the eastern boundary of Qianwei, and more than 1,000 people were captured, and the attack was equal, and the state border was quiet in a few days. The dragon is the choice of officials to greet him. - Romance of the Three Kingdoms: The Biography of Liu Ermu
Portrait of Liu Yan. (2) Liu Zhang's old department (Dongzhou Group).
Liu Yan saw that the people of Yizhou were unreliable, so he wanted to develop his own power, just at this time a large number of displaced people from Nanyang and Sanfu poured into Yizhou, Liu Yan incorporated them for his own use, and this force was known as the "Dongzhou Army" in history.
In order to consolidate his power, Liu Yan tried his best to win over the Dongzhou army and establish a good relationship with them while dealing with the local tyrants.
Although Liu Yan temporarily gained a firm foothold in Yizhou, the contradiction between the Yizhou people and the Dongzhou army was not improved.
After Liu Yan died, there was no heir, only two of his four sons remained, namely the third son Liu Mao and the fourth son Liu Zhang, according to the ancient primogeniture inheritance system, Liu Mao should have ascended the throne, but Yizhou local Haoqiang thought that Liu Zhang was weak and easy to control, so he supported Liu Zhang as the pastor of Yizhou.
Liu Zhang's personality is weak, lacks strategy, and he can't control the local forces in Yizhou and the Dongzhou army at all, and Zhang Lu, who was originally attached to Liu Zhang's father, also set up his own door and became an enemy of Liu Zhang.
In the fifth year of Jian'an (200 years), Yizhou's local powerful Zhao Wei launched a rebellion, Yizhou responded one after another, and the Dongzhou soldiers resisted desperately before the rebel army was suppressed, which shows that Liu Zhang's life in Yizhou was not easy, in order to change the situation, he had to turn to his clan brother Liu Bei.
Zhang Ranzhi, the law is sending 4,000 people to welcome the first master, before and after bribing hundreds of millions of dollars, because of Chen Yizhou's desirable strategy, the first lord left Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu and others according to Jingzhou, and tens of thousands of foot soldiers into Yizhou. - Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Liu Zhang's stills. (3) Liu Bei's cronies (Jingzhou Group).
Liu Zhang was afraid of Zhang Lu in the north, and heard that Cao Cao wanted to attack Hanzhong, and was very afraid, so he adopted Zhang Song's suggestion to invite his clan brother Liu Bei to Shu to deal with Zhang Lu. In the sixteenth year of Jian'an (211), Liu Bei sent Zhuge Liang and Guan Yu to stay in Jingzhou, and personally led tens of thousands of horses into Shu.
A year after Liu Bei entered Shu, under the pretext of supporting Sun Quan, borrowed troops from Liu Zhang, Liu Zhang was angry, Liu Bei not only did not eliminate Zhang Lu in the north since entering Shu, but also asked himself to borrow troops, so Liu Zhang only allocated Liu Bei 4,000 old and weak soldiers, Liu Bei was angry and led his troops to attack Yizhou. Soon Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others also led the army into Shu, Liu Zhangren was weak and did not want to affect the innocent people, and the generals of Yizhou surrendered one after another, so that he had no intention of resisting, and he had no choice but to surrender.
In the first year of Zhang Wu (221), Liu Bei ascended the throne in Chengdu and became the emperor, and the founding name was "Han", which followed Liu Bei into Shu and was known as the "Jingzhou Group".
Zhuge Liang stills.
(4) Why did Liu Bei hand over military power to Li Yan before his death?
Li Yan was originally a native of Nanyang, Jingzhou, initially served under Liu Biao, after Cao Cao captured Jingzhou, Li Yan was reluctant to surrender to Cao, so he fled to Yizhou to take refuge with Liu Zhang, Liu Bei rebelled against the guest to seize Yizhou, Li Yan surrendered to Liu Bei, so Li Yan belonged to the Dongzhou group.
After Liu Bei ascended the throne, his foundation was unstable, the factions were separated, and he faced three forces, namely the Yizhou Group, the Dongzhou Group, and the Jingzhou Group.
1) Yizhou Group,There are two forces in Yizhou itself, one is the local bureaucrats, who served as officials in the court during the Eastern Han Dynasty. The other is the local Haoqiang, these two forces are collectively known as Yizhou Group, and the representative figures are Qian Zhou, Peng Yang, Zhang Song and others.
2) Dongzhou Group,When Liu Yan and Liu Zhang entered Shu, they took a group of people, plus the talented and good generals who later took refuge in them, to form the "Dongzhou Group", represented by Li Yan and Wu Yi, who were all Liu Zhang's old forces.
3) Jingzhou Group,This force is a group of people who followed Liu Bei into Sichuan, and the representative figures include Zhuge Liang, Wei Yan, Yang Yi and others.
After Liu Bei ascended the throne, he tried his best to win over the scholars, and did not hesitate to use the method of harmony, but Liu Bei suffered a fiasco in the Battle of Yiling in his later years, which shook the foundation of the country. Liu Bei faced the particularity of the Shu Han regime and the losses caused by the Battle of Yiling before his death, and it became difficult to explain the aftermath.
If Liu Bei wants to stabilize the Jingzhou regime, he must unite with the Dongzhou Group, and also guard against the Yizhou Group. Only by coordinating the relationship between the old and new forces can the Shu Han regime achieve long-term peace and stability.
Li Yan stills. Therefore, the biggest worry of the Shu Han regime is not Cao Wei or Sun Wu, but within it, there is no unity inside, and the regime is naturally unstable.
Liu Bei's entrustment of Gu Zhuge Liang as the principal and Li Yan as the deputy was Liu Bei's elaborate political arrangement, the purpose of which was to balance the forces of all parties and consolidate the Shu Han regime. In addition, Li Yan is very capable, and it is most suitable to choose him to be in charge of the military, and Liu Bei hopes that he will act as a lubricant in the case of the separation of various factions.