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The Franciscans are a missionary order within the Roman Catholic Church, founded in the 13th century.
During the Italian Renaissance, the Franciscans became one of the key players in the Renaissance patronage contest for the arts.
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Artists vied to create artworks for Franciscan monasteries, jungles, congregations, and other places in the hope of winning commissions and sponsorships, while also reaping financial benefits driven by the cultural industry.
In this context, the Franciscans became representatives of the Renaissance patronage of the arts.
Especially in the early 16th century, the Franciscans expanded their influence and cultural heritage by acquiring art extensively in Italy and employing famous artists and sculptors for decoration.
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This phenomenon is not only seen in Italy, but also in other European countries and regions.
However, there is also competition and contention between the Franciscans and other patrons of the arts.
Driven by the patronage of the arts, some artists feel very important to various commissions and may compete for various sponsorship opportunities through various means.
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At the same time, the pressure of competition also prompted artists to continue to improve and innovate, which promoted the prosperity of Renaissance art.
In general, the Franciscans played an important role in the battle for the patronage of the arts in the Italian Renaissance, enriching their own cultural connotation and promoting the development of the cultural industry.
At the same time, Franciscans competed with other art patrons, further stimulating the artists' passion for innovation.
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1. The factions divided within the Franciscans.
The Franciscans are an order within the Catholic Church founded in the 13th century and still exist today. In the history of the Franciscans, several denominations have emerged.
After the death of its founder, the Franciscans were divided over whether to continue their policy of extreme poverty, and were divided into two camps
Conventuals and spiriturals.
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The Hospitalists, also known as the Regularists, emphasized that the congregation should act actively in the secular world to contribute to the Church and the homeland.
They supported the establishment of monasteries, educational and charitable institutions, and had their own organizational structures and leaders.
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It was founded in the late 13th century in Assisi, central Italy. They emphasized the establishment of magnificent churches and monasteries in cities, especially in places such as Italy, Poland, and southeastern Europe.
They are called"Hospitalized"It is because they live in a monastery
Stayed here often, instead of preaching and dervishes in the countryside like other Franciscan friars.
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This allowed the hospitalists not only to maintain strict religious beliefs, but also to have a self-sufficient economic base.
They played an important role in art, culture (especially in **, literature, and architecture), scholarship, and mission.
Although the hospitalized clergy often lived in "hospitalization", they saw themselves as church builders and bearers of traditional religious beliefs.
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In churches, they reformed the classics, developed modern churches, and designed some of the most beautiful religious buildings and works of art.
The Resident clergy, who are often linked to the local community, are also the main participants in gatherings and large celebrations, which largely contributes to the transmission of the Franciscan tradition among the people.
Although there are some differences between the Hospitalizations and other Franciscan branches, they are committed to upholding the Church's moral code, cultural arts, and religious traditions, as well as resisting all forms of incitement and violence.
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Spiritualism, on the other hand, emphasizes prayer and poverty, and believes that the mission of the congregation is to reform the church through individual spiritual practice.
They opposed the possession of property and the establishment of organizational structures by the Order, and advocated a constant dwelling in the wilderness or in towns and towns, distancing themselves from the secular world.
Spiritualfranciscans emerged in Italy in the mid-13th century as a result of the personal pursuits of some friars within the Franciscans.
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They believe that the Franciscans have become overly attached and have lost their spiritual connotation.
As a result, they demanded a return to the practice of basic spiritual practices, advocating the renunciation of all possessions and private ownership.
They believe that poverty is a shortcut to faithfulness to God, to follow the New Covenant and to live up to the spirit.
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Spiritual monks advocated religious, social, and economic fraternity, and were known as "poveri."
They were also among the followers of the Italian "Albigenses", which were already considered heretics by the Church Fathers to be independent of the Church.
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Although the spiritualist faith was condemned and ** among the popes and church leaders, their spiritual aspirations and methods of practice had a profound impact on the development and self-reflection of the Franciscans as a whole.
Like other Franciscan friars, the monastic life of the spiritual sect has strict rules, such as the triple vows, namely chastity, poverty and obedience.
Their focus on personal introspection and spiritual pursuits made them an independent monastic community, but was also seen as one of the branches within the Franciscans.
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In the history of spirituality, some important pioneers have emerged, such as John Dunsscotus, who is regarded as one of the important representatives of Franciscan thought.
The dispute between the two factions within the Franciscan Church has been going on for centuries, although some members of the congregation do not agree with this division, because they believe that the practice of the faith should be accompanied by a commitment to the service of society.
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This problem persists until now, with different practices and traditions forming within the Franciscans.
The most famous controversy is the construction of the Basilica di Santa Croce (Firenze) in Florence.
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The quality of the art produced by the Compliance School and the Hospitalization School is breathtaking.
It can be considered that the art production of the Franciscans during this period was completed in the process of the gradual convergence of the legalists to the hospitalists, reflecting the complete victory of the hospitalists in the battle for art patronage.
Among them, the Basilica disantamariagloriosadeifrari (Basilica disantamariagloriosadeifrari) and the Sanfrancesco dell**igna (Sanfrancesco dell**igna) are the most representative.
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2. The masterpiece of the Hospitalists: the Church of Our Lady of Glory.
The Church of Our Lady of Glory, located in Venice, Italy, is one of the masterpieces of the Hospitalized Franciscans.
Built in 1250, the church is one of the most important religious buildings in Venice and the site of Leonardo da Vinci's last tomb.
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The church was founded in the 17th century during the outbreak of a plague to commemorate the city's salvation after the plague.
The outbreak of the plague decimated the population of Venice, and the heads of state decided to build a church to commemorate the plague.
The architect of this church was Bruno Juccola, a master of Baroque architecture. The church has a Baroque style of architecture, which contrasts with the traditional Renaissance architecture in the center of Venice.
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The creation of the Church of Santa Maria della Glory was the result of the dedication of the architect Bruno Giulcola's design and construction team, as well as the support of the citizens of Venice and the heads of state.
The completion of the church has not only become an important landmark in Venice, but also an important place for people to pray to heaven.
The construction of the Church of Our Lady of Glory reflects the spirit and strength of the Venetian people, as well as the strong expressiveness and luxury of Baroque architecture.
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Its existence makes people feel the historical and humanistic connotation of Venice more deeply, and has become a treasure of Venetian culture.
The Church of Our Lady of Glory is built in the Gothic style and has numerous valuable works of art and artifacts such as a giant clock tower, art gallery, statues, paintings, and more.
Famous for its beauty and mystery, the church is not only an important religious building in Venice, but also one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world.
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The construction of the Church of Our Lady of Glory embodies the fusion of the sacred and secular worlds of the hospitalized Franciscans, not only showing their talent in the fields of art and architecture, but more importantly, reflecting their high reverence and devotion to faith, religion and morality.
The existence of the church is a record of the glorious moments in the history of the Resident Franciscans and has become part of the World Cultural Heritage Site, allowing people to see the nobility of religious faith and human wisdom.
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3. The centennial construction of the Legalists: the Church of Our Lady of Portugal.
Located in the center of Florence, Italy, the Church of Our Lady of Portugal is one of the masterpieces of legalist architecture.
Construction of the church began in 1296 and took nearly 200 years to complete, making it one of the most popular tourist attractions during the Renaissance.
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At the end of the 18th century, Brazil was in the midst of a period of mining**, diamonds, and other precious minerals.
However, this period was also accompanied by social divisions and instability, as well as cultural and religious conflicts.
Therefore, a fervent of faith at the time spearheaded the construction of a church that was intended to remind people of the power and cohesion of religion.
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The Church of Our Lady of Portugal is one of the most important and spectacular churches in the region, with its Baroque and Neoclassical architectural styles.
The construction of the church required a lot of money and effort, and it was supported not only by religious groups, but also by local merchants and **.
The inauguration of the church is a reward for the efforts of these people, while also demonstrating the complex and dramatic changes in Brazilian society, culture and religion.
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The Church of Our Lady of Portugal is a fusion of Gothic and Renaissance architectural styles, and its giant dome on top was a sensation at the time.
The interior of the church is exquisitely ornate and includes the famous frescoes of the Genesis and the Last Judgment, the masterpieces of Italian Renaissance masters Brunelleschi and Gerardo di Boccaccini, respectively.
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The construction of the Church of Our Lady of Portugal embodies the ultimate pursuit of party rules, precision and tradition. Adhering to traditional architectural techniques and philosophies, they have carefully planned to create this magnificent church.
This church is not only a masterpiece of the Florentine era, but also one of the important milestones in the history of ancient European architecture.
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Its existence has not only left a valuable cultural heritage for future generations, but also demonstrated to the world the excellent skills of the law-abiding architecture and the fine spirit of pursuing tradition.
Overall, the Church of Our Lady of Glory and the Church of Our Lady of Portugal are important religious and cultural heritages, known for their unique architectural style and precious artifacts and works of art.
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ENDS