In the autumn of the sixteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1279), Zhao Bing, the prime minister of Anxi, entered Beijing by order and met Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan dynasty, in the palace.
As soon as the two monarchs and ministers met, Kublai Khan said: Qing has been gone for several years, and if it is like this, it is enough to know that the troubles in the middle of the matter are already known.
It is said that Zhao Bing has been in charge of Guanzhong for several years, and he has boiled himself up a lot, although this is Kublai Khan's cordial condolences to his confidant ministers, but the latter sentence is quite meaningful: What can make Zhao Bingcao tired to the point that his hair is gray?
The reason for this must be best known only to the monarch and the minister.
And when Zhao Bing talked about the luck envoy Guo Cong and Langzhong Guo Shuyun "acting lawlessly", Kublai Khan, who was still "lying down" and listening, suddenly "got up" and said quietly: Hearing Qing's words makes the old man more healthy.
The two magistrates were so domineering, how could an emperor suddenly sit up and feel refreshed?
Kublai Khan's real concern must not be Guo Cong and Guo Shuyun, but the movements of the entire Anxi Palace!
What's even more intriguing is that Kublai Khan immediately reassigned Zhao Bing as the doctor of Zhongfeng and the prince of Anxi, and was also in charge of the "Shaanxi Wulu Xishu Sichuan Course Tuntian Affairs", and the other positions were the same as before, let him go back with a few envoys, nominally to investigate Guo Cong and others, but the sudden strengthening of Zhao Bing's power, no matter how you look at it, is to weaken and control the Anxi Palace, although Kublai Khan skillfully concealed his intentions, what happened later did not develop in the direction he wanted, Zhao Binggang returned to Liupan, The whole family was imprisoned by the palace in the Kongtong Mountains in the north of Pingliang, and his son Zhao Renrong hurriedly sent a distress signal to Kublai Khan, and when Kublai Khan's close attendants arrived in Pingliang day and night, it was too late - Zhao Bing had been poisoned to death in prison.
Soon Guo Cong and more than 100 other people were escorted to the capital to ask for the crime, the case was interrogated by Kublai Khan himself, but this trial, actually lasted for more than four years, and vaguely revealed the complexity of the case, obviously not a case of Zhao Bing, a subordinate official of the palace, imagine that if there is no support from the Anxi Palace, how can a small subordinate official dare to openly kill the confidant appointed by Kublai Khan? How dare you openly provoke the majesty of Kublai Khan?
There must be another mystery behind this case.
So-calledAnxi Palace, that is, the third son of Kublai KhanBusy brother stabThe domain of Chang'an is locatedJingzhao Province
This is also Kublai Khan's own fiefdom, he gave Meng Ke Khan to choose Guanzhong and Nanjing two fiefdoms, without hesitation to choose Guanzhong, this since ancient times 800 miles of Qinchuan, drought and flood to ensure income, by the mountains and rivers of the blessed land, which also made him the richest and most powerful of the kings, but also for Kublai Khan after the death of Meng Ge in the battle for the Khan throne to stand out lay a solid foundation, Kublai Khan ascended the throne within nine years, almost all of his older sons-in-law, concubines have been feuded out of the domain, Only the third in line of the busy brother did not leave the town for a long time, just when everyone speculated whether the emperor planned to keep the third brother by his side as the crown prince, to the ninth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1272), Kublai Khan suddenly divided this land of Longxing to the busy brother, named him the king of Anxi, and changed the old name of Chang'an City "Jingzhao Mansion" to "Anxi Road", and gave him the new gold seal (second class), let himThe garrison is in Liupan Mountain, and it governs Hexi, Tibet, and Sichuan
The following year,Yan Wang Zhenjin was made the crown prince, which meansBusy brother stabbed alreadyCompletely out.
But in the eleventh year of the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan againJin Feng was busy with brother Ra as the king of Qin, don't give the first-class beast Nu Jin Seal (the Yuan Dynasty Yin Niu was strictly graded, and the kings of the clan, the concubine and the horse only regarded the Yin Niu as a difference), so that the hands of the busy brother not only held the civil power, financial power, but also masteredMilitary power in the Qin-Shu regionBecause of the vast area under his control, Kublai Khan also approved the Dazhi palace of Anxi Road in Chang'an and Kaicheng Road in Liupan Mountain, and its scale"The Palace of the Emperor"., Jingzhao's winter palace is near the water, the summer palace of Liupan Mountain is on the mountain, the honor is incomparable, even the king of Anxi has a separate seal, you must know that among the princes of the town at that time, although the king of Yunnan Hu Gechi also set up the palace of the prince, but there is no seal;
Not to mention the king of Bei'an, Namuhan, did not set up the palace of the prince until the end of the twenty-fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty, and the seal of the king of Anxi was changed from a copper seal to a silver seal in the fourteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty, and the specifications were raised again.
A comparison shows that Busy Brother is not only the only one among the sons of Kublai Khan"One feudal and two seals, two provinces are opened".of the Prince, itsThe position of power is also close to the crown prince's real gold
YesBusy brother, he died before he was confusedAndThe cause of death is unknown.
How old was Busy Brother when he died? There is no definite answer yet, but according to the birth year of his brother Prince Zhenjin (1243), Brother Busy is stabbedHe died in the fifteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1278).When he was only about 30 years old, such a high-profile figure died suddenly when he was young and vigorous, but the history books did not clearly record the cause of his death, only said "Wang Xu", which is very puzzling.
Some people think that Brother Busy is "sick to death", but the history books do not have any record of Brother Busy stabbing before he died, and there is no record of illness and treatmentWhy did the busy brother stab die?
Zheng Sixiao, a relict poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, said in his "History of the Heart: A Brief Description of the Great Righteousness".Brother Busy was killed by Kublai Khan for plotting to usurp his father's throne!
Is Zheng Sixiao's claim credible?
This also involves the authenticity of the book "History of the Heart", this book is in the Ming Dynasty Chongzhen eleventh year (1638) Suzhou drought, Chengtian Temple monks in the dredging temple in a dry well accidentally salvaged out, when hidden in a sealed iron letter, the book describes in detail the process of the Mongol destruction of Jin, the destruction of the Song Dynasty, as well as the heroic struggle of the Southern Song Dynasty patriots and the ugly deeds of the **, in addition to the introduction of the history of the Yuan Dynasty 21 years ago, can be due toThe preservation method and the process of coming out are too bizarre, and many of the contents of the book are inconsistent with the official history, was once suspected to be a southern remnant of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, in order to entrust the national righteousness and pretend to be a fake book in the name of Zheng Sixiao, and in the bookThe richest narrative of "A Brief Narrative of the Great Righteousness" is also the focus of controversy
For example, it mentions a special kind of criminal law that the Jin came up with in order to prevent the Mongols from reproducingThe method of artemisia fingers, the misfortune gathers
So-called"The Law of Artemisia Fingers"., that is, to cut off the thumb, is it really something or is it a fabrication? This is not confirmed in other historical books, but at that time the Mongols had posed a serious threat to the Jin people, strangely, the Mongols did not have a large number of records of troops, and the Jin people only strengthened the border fort boundary trenches, but showed signs of "relaxation" to the Mongols, although these phenomena can not be used as evidence of the existence of this "Artemisia finger method", but can reflect the possible historical background of this special policy, after all, for the steppe nomads, bows and arrows are not only a way for the Mongols to hunt for survival materials, It is also a way of fighting, cutting off the thumb, which means that they can no longer hold the bow and shoot arrows, not only their survival is greatly threatened, but the combat effectiveness is also directly greatly reduced, the "Artemisia Finger Law" does not seem to be harsh, in fact it is fatal to the Mongols, in the "Artemisia Finger Law" exists under the possibility, the Jin people relax their vigilance against the Mongols, but it is more logical.
Thus,Although it is difficult to determine the authenticity of "A Brief Narrative of the Great Righteousness", the content in it also has considerable reference value
Looking back, "".The Busy Brother was killed by Kublai KhanIt is totally worth discussing!
EspeciallyThe time of death of Brother Busy is also very strange.
to the fourteenth year of the Yuan DynastyBusy Brother Thorn was ordered to go on the Northern Expedition, during which a military rebellion occurred in Liupan Mountain, which was suppressed by Wang Xiang Zhao Bingcong Jingzhao with troopsTo the spring of the fifteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty,Liupan Mountain rebelled again, and was quelled by Zhao Bing, and then Brother Busy returned to the palace, and died suddenly in the winter of this yearIs the cause of the death of Brother Busy related to the two mutinies in Liupan Mountain?
Liupan Mountain is the location of the Busy Brother Kaicheng Palace, and it is also the focus of his garrison base and painstaking management, from a military point of view, the Anxi Palace, Kaicheng is much more important than the Anxi Palace, but the Busy Brother Thorn has just left the Northern Expedition, and there have been two rebellions in Liupan Mountain, and some scholars have guessed that this isThe busy brother stabbed the carefully planned before the Northern Expedition, so he was liquidated by his old father after the failure.
But according to the "History of the New Yuan",Liupan MountainThe rebellion was the handiwork of the king of Nanping.
Next year, the camel button gold and silver seal will be changed, and the town will be ordered to guard Liupan Mountain. and heard that his father He Hu had attached to Haidu, that is, in the winter of the 14th year, he raised troops to rebel. The king of Anxi sent Wang Weizheng, the commander-in-chief of Gongchang, to wait for the west to fight, defeated the bald Lu in Wuchuan, and won it.VultureIt is the grandson of Yuan Dingzong Guiyou, and his father is the third son of Guiyou Khan, He Hu, who chose to side with Kublai Khan when Kublai Khan and Ali Buge competed for the Khan throne, butto the fifth year of the Yuan DynastyGrandson of Ögedei KhanHaiduSuddenly there was a rebellion, and Kublai Khan sent his youngest son, Namuhan, the king of Bei'an, to lead an army to suppress itThe sea was defeated and retreatedAlimali City in the Ili region, I didn't expect this internal turmoil, a few years later, it was actually involved in Hehu, to the twelfth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1275), the king of Bei'anAn Tong(The fourth grandson of Mu Huali and the nephew of Empress Chabi) suddenly sent troops to attack He Hu, which directly led to He Hu setting off another huge rebellion, the point is, it was in the middle ofThe critical period of Kublai Khan's destruction of the Song DynastyHehu's rebellionDramaticallyshook the stability of the northwest of the Yuan Dynasty,It was not until the thirteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty that Kublai Khan destroyed most of the main forces of the Southern Song Dynasty, and then he freed up his troops from the south to go to Mobei and suppress itBut the hidden danger has not been eliminatedBecause of the unfair distribution of Antong,The army led by Namhan, the king of Bei'an, changed again - the generalTotomuel led his troops to defectAnd Cyriji, who was ordered to go after him(Yuan Xianzong Mengke's fourth son)., a former supporter of Ali Buge, was also in rebellion at the instigation of Totomu
Afterwards, the king of Bei'an, Namhan, the king of the northXiang Antong, Kublai KhanThe eighth sonKukuo became a captive of Cyriji.
RebelsChampion Haidu as king.
Haidu was in the fourteenth year of the reign of the Emperor (1277).rateThe rebels marched towards Hala and Lin, and the situation was very serious for Kublai Khan, who hurriedly recalled Boyan to suppress it
And the king of Nanping, who guarded Liupan Mountain, was in Haidu after hearing that his father He Hu had taken refuge in Haiduthis yearWinter also raised troops and rebelled.
In terms of timeline,The bald is thereKing AnthyAfter being ordered to go north to Tibet, he launched a rebellion in Liupan Mountain, which was suppressed by Zhao Bing, the prime minister of Anxi, and was defeated and captured in Wuchuan, although it is uncertainIn the spring of the fifteenth year of the Yuan DynastyWho is the rebel in Liupan Mountain, but the interval between the two rebellions is only two or three months, theoretically, the second rebellion should be the aftermath of the first rebellion, it is impossible to be the busy brother thorn planning, combined with the above historical data, even if the busy brother thorn has a heart of disobedience, will he pick when his own troops are exhausted?
In Kublai Khan's position, even if his son rebelled, would he get rid of his son at a time of crisis when his rule was threatened and one son was captured?
Therefore, although Brother Busy died at a very delicate time, his death should have been an accident, not his father**.
But after the death of Brother Busy Assassin, the relationship between the Anxi Royal Mansion and the imperial court was like water and fire, and I think this is also the case"A Brief Narrative of the Great Righteousness" willThe cause of the death of the busy brother stabbed was attributed to a major factor in the rebellion and being punished.
Zheng Sixiao and Busy Brother Thorn are contemporaries, this "Brief Narrative of the Great Righteousness" was written in the 19th year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty, revised in the 20th year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty, that is to say, the longest time from the death of the busy brother Thorn is only five years, he has the time conditions to understand the family affairs or secret news of the Mongol ruler, even if he may not understand the whole picture, he should not fabricate a "murder scandal" for no reason, at least there was a conflict in the Kublai Khan family at that time, so that the people of the time linked the death of the busy brother to the failure of the usurpation.
So, what really happened at that time?
As mentioned earlier, Kublai Khan gave Busy Brother Thorn considerable power, which was beyond the reach of Zhenjin as the crown prince, after all, it was not until Dong Wenzhong wrote in 1279 that Zhenjin got the opportunity to participate in politics, but Busy Brother Thorn had many privileges as early as after being crowned King of Qin:
First, it has the right to send officials to inspect and supervise wars; Second, it can directly report the battle situation in Qinchuan; Third, the military, rewards and punishments, criminal authority, merchants, taxes, salt and iron, etc., are all subordinate to the royal government; Fourth, it is possible to issue special orders on its own according to specific circumstances, and this kind of order is called "teaching."
The point is this "teaching", what is it?
Different from the decrees issued by other places, "Jiao" is a title that is different from the emperor's "edict".Divine authority!
It is a symbol of the power position of the busy brother
Speaking of the scale of the palace of the Anxi Palace, Yao Sui, a contemporary of the time, described in the inscription that the Xi'an Anxi Palace, "the famous king and the male domain have no existence"."The Palace of the Emperor".Marco Polo said that it was "well furnished, rare and incomparable".It shows that this palace of the king of Anxi can be compared with the palace of Yuan Dadu.
And from the archaeological excavation of the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1957, the palace foundation in the middle of the Anxi palace ruins, regardless of length, width or height, exceeds the temple foundation of the Daming Palace, the main hall of the Yuan capital!
The palace of a vassal king, the scale of the main hall actually exceeds the palace, which is undoubtedly a blatant encroachment in the Central Plains culture, and what is more interesting is the name of this palace, which is called "ear piercing" - the name of the emperor's palace tent (palace) in the folk, but the "magnificent" Anxi palace has already quietly withered, and there are still some traces of the place name of the primary school on the site.
The Anxi Palace, which opened the city of Liupan Mountain, although it has the same building components or building materials as the Xi'an Palace, occupies more than one square kilometer of the place and has an urn city that Xi'an Wangfu City does not have, highlighting its important military defense significance.
There is no doubt that the Anxi Royal Mansion not only had the official position and political system of the nature of imperial power at that time, but also the scale of the construction of its two royal palaces was almost catching up with that of the Yuan DynastyDadu and Shangdu!
Why did Kublai Khan take extra care of his son?
Kublai Khan's Empress Chabi only gave birth to four sons-in-law, of which the eldest son died early, and there were only three sons left under his knees: the second son Zhenjin, the third son Busy Brother Thorn, and the youngest son Namuhan.
Two years after Kublai Khan ascended the throne, he first named his second son Zhenjin as the king of Yan, and then named Namuhan as the king of Beiping in the third year of the Yuan Dynasty, and named the concubine Hu Gechi as the king of Yunnan in the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty, and named the concubine Oluchi as the king of Xiping in the sixth yearLiu Haoli suggested that "Shaanxi is an important place, and it is advisable to seal the princes and kings in order to figure it out", but he was afraidJudging from the deeds of these three princes in historical materials, perhaps Brother Busy is the most capable of the sons of Kublai Khan, otherwise he would not have divided such an important military area of Liupan Mountain as a busy brother thorn, but because of this, Kublai Khan finally selected Zhenjin as the crown prince, and arranged the more capable Busy Brother Thorn to the Liupan Mountain important place.
Some people think that "one feudal and two seals, two provinces are opened", and the special power was granted by Kublai Khan in order to appease his son, in fact, from the situation at the time, Kublai Khan's real purpose should be to arrange for the busy brother to control and shrink the territory of the Kuoduan family, the second son of Taizong, although Kuoduan died, but his influence was still there, when Kuoduan sent troops from Hexi to capture Qin Gong and Chengdu one after another, he returned to Liangzhou, and controlled the northwest and southwest provinces, Kublai Khan would not let it develop, and the busy brother assassinated as the queen of Anxi, It did completely encroach on the jurisdiction of the Kuoduan family, and also took over a large number of troops, leaving only a small area near Yongchang, the son of Kuoduan.
On the other hand, the opening of Liupan Mountain is the main road out of the north of Guanzhong, and it is also an important hub post station of the Mongol Empire, so that the king of Anxi is busy with the stinging stationed in Liupan Mountain, which can effectively "divide and govern Qin and Shu", and plays an important military role in the Song-Mongolian war to control the Sichuan war situation, Shaanxi Sichuan Province, that is, it was abolished shortly after the appointment of the busy brother (it was not restored until two years after the death of the busy brother), the levy of the merchants, the endowment of agricultural acres, the production of mountains, the benefits of salt and iron, etc., were replaced by the Anxi Wang's mansion and had full control.
It can be said that the Anxi Royal Mansion is the highest administrative and military institution in the Qinshu region that appeared in a special period, although it is extremely prosperous, but after the political situation gradually stabilizes, the threat posed by the Anxi Royal Mansion to the imperial power is really not small, so Kublai Khan has long been trying to recover the power of the Anxi Palace, before the death of the busy brother, Kublai Khan made his confidant Zhao Bing from the Jingzhao Road governor and the palace Yin Jia as the general of the town and the prince of Anxi, and strengthened his power in the Anxi Palace, after the death of the busy brother, Kublai Khan not only restored the province of Sichuan in Shaanxi, but also issued an edict that "all officials who are in the middle of the government and those who do not hold their posts shall be subject to their responsibilities and be deposed", that is, to take back the right to appoint and dismiss the local ** in the jurisdiction of the Anxi Palace, all kinds of signs show that there have long been many contradictions and conflicts between the Anxi Palace and Kublai Khan.
WhileThe Zhao Bing case is precisely the result of the intensification of contradictions.
Supposedly,Zhao Bing himself is in Liupan MountainThe two military rebellions were suppressed and they did not deserve to be brought to the groundThe fate of being killed by a doom after being stabbed to death by a busy brother,
This incident happened less than a year after the death of Brother Busy BrotherAfter Zhao Bing entered the dynasty and returned
Even if the Anxi royal palace is unwilling to hand over the two subordinate officials named by Kublai Khan to deal with, it should not openly rebel against the imperial court, unless the contradiction between the Anxi royal palace and the imperial court is very acute!
Zhao Bing is Kublai Khan's former minister, his political achievements are extraordinary, Kublai Khan sent him to the "strong customs" Guanzhong to assist the king of Anxi busy brother stab, naturally there is also the meaning of supervision, and according to the "Yuan History, Zhao Bing Biography" "The palace officials are tyrannical and disturb the people, that is, Jianbai, bring to justice" record, Zhao Bing to deal with the illegal palace officials, but also need to obtain the consent of the busy brother thorn, perhaps, the Anxi palace still has an obstructive effect on Zhao Bing's work, so when Zhao Bing was appointed as the prime minister, what does the Anxi palace think?
At that time, there was already a prince named Shang Ting in the Anxi Palace, and from the fact that the busy brother thorn instructed Shang Ting before the Northern Expedition in the 14th year of the Yuan Dynasty, "If there is inconvenience in the affairs of Guanzhong, you can learn more about it", Shang Ting is a person who is very trusted by the busy brother thorn, but he is also an old minister of Kublai Khan's hidden palace, and he played the role of a supervisor one step earlier than Zhao Bing, in this case, why did Kublai Khan suddenly promote Zhao Bing?
It is inevitable that the business will support withBusy brother too close, incurredHis suspicion, which is also destined to Zhao Bing must not be tolerated by the Anxi Palace, after all, no one is willing to hand over the power in their hands, so the envoys Guo Cong and Guo Shuyun in Langzhong with different positions soon had a conflict with Zhao Bing, and without waiting for Zhao Bing to investigate them, the two took the lead in falsely accusing Zhao Bing and sent him to prison.
In this regard, the attitude of the Anxi royal palace is also quite intriguing, at that time the king of Anxi was dead, and the master of the house wasThe princess is also finished, This woman has almost no trace in the history books, if it weren't for the record of "opening the road **, the palace and the official and civilian houses are bad, and the late Qin princess is also finished and other more than 5,000 people" in the "Chengzong Benji", I am afraid that she will not be able to leave her name in the history books, despite this, the role of this princess in the Anxi palace can not be underestimated, after the death of her husband busy brother, she couldn't wait to ask Shang Ting to ask the court for his life, let her son Ananda inherit the throne, but was rejected by Kublai Khan, It was not until the seventeenth year of the Yuan Dynasty that he agreed to Ananda's attack on the seal, and appeared again in the history books, that is, after Zhao Bing was killed by a dove in prison, the court suspected that this was the order of the princess, so he immediately arrested Guo Cong and Guo Shuyun and entered Beijing, and Kublai Khan personally interrogated.
Did the two confess to the princess? The history books do not clearly state, only that the two of them "ambushed", and involved a ** named Che Che in the palace, what is even more incredible is that this matter actually connected Shang Ting and his son Shang Wang XianLater, because of Shang Ting's old age, coupled with the intercession of the Confucians, in the end, "not all of them can be acquitted" and "from their families".
It is speculated from this that it is only this princess who blatantly poisoned Zhao Bing, and finally launched a ** top bag.
Why did the princess put Zhao Bing to death?
Of course, it was to see through Kublai Khan's intention to cut the domain, Zhao Bing was originally Kublai Khan's confidant, and after entering Beijing by order, his personal status and power were strengthened, which has become the biggest obstacle to the protection of the interests of the Anxi Palace, and the Anxi Palace will want to get rid of it as soon as possible.
Perhaps because the attitude of the Anxi palace was too intense, Kublai Khan did not dispose of his daughter-in-law after four years of interrogation of the case, but after that, the imperial court adopted a series of measures to take back the military and political power of the Anxi palace one after another, and in the first year of Huangqing (1312), Anxi was changed to Fengyuan Road, and even the name of "Anxi" was not allowed to exist.