When we are in ** film and television works, especially ancient dramas with the Qing Dynasty as the historical background, we are no strangers to the title of "Xiucai". But do you really know much about Xiucai? Do you only think that Xiucai is the lowest level in the ancient imperial examination, so the status is not high.
In TV dramas, Xiucai has always been an unlucky character, and he doesn't look remarkable. In fact, everyone has fallen into a misunderstanding, is Xiucai really of low status and has no power? In fact, this is not the case, the gold content of Xiucai is still very high, so what kind of identity is Xiucai now?
01 Ancient scientific research system.
If you want to understand how high the gold content of Xiucai is, you must first understand the ancient imperial examination system. In modern society, we can always hear that some people compare the imperial examination with the college entrance examination, saying that being admitted to a university is to be admitted to the top rank, is this really the case?
In fact, the imperial examination system has existed since ancient times, but the rules for taking scholars in different periods and dynasties are very different. At the beginning of the Xia Dynasty, ancient China implemented a hereditary system, that is, sons could inherit their father's official position, and because it was a slave society at that time, people at the bottom had no opportunity to contact the upper class.
In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, scholars began to enter the stage of history, and they were appreciated by the monarch with their ingenuity, so that the carp jumped into the dragon gate and soared. However, there are many talented scholars and doctors, and more of them are from famous families, or their ancestors have a little foundation, and there are really few people who can go to the end from poor backgrounds.
In the Han Dynasty, this was the first policy of electing officials that enabled ordinary people to enter the court as officials, which is what we often hear about "filial piety". This is also the ruler in order to be able to select outstanding talents, filial piety is elected by the local governor, and then reviewed by ** to determine the identity of filial piety.
Is filial piety what we call Xiucai? It's not like that, after becoming filial piety, you have to be promoted upward. Only by being able to become a Maocai can you hold a good official position in the DPRK, and Maocai is what we often call a showman. It can be seen from this that the status of Maocai is actually very high, and it is a rare pillar to be able to become Maocai.
During the Three Kingdoms period, the Han Dynasty recommendation system was actually followed, and it was recommended by the regional governor. But unlike in the Han Dynasty, there were fewer recommended places at that time, and only one person could be elected a year. Such a ratio is like that only one top student in the college entrance examination can come out from each region every year, can it be said that the status of Xiucai is not high?
It was not until Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty ascended the throne that the imperial examination system was formally formed, and the method of selecting talents began to be used by examination. The main reason for such a reform is to prevent the big families from using power and money to monopolize official positions, resulting in the court being full of wine bags and rice bags, and there is no real talent and learning.
Since then, all dynasties have used the imperial examination system to select talents, and students from poor families have a bright future. However, with the development of the times, the road to the imperial examination was not smooth sailing, and gradually the township examination, the guild examination and the palace examination appeared. At this time, Xiucai has become the foundation, and only when you become Xiucai can you be qualified to continue the scientific examination.
02 Admitted to Xiucai is no less than learning from the West.
In ancient times, the four books and five classics and policy theories that students studied were not simpler than the mathematics, physics and chemistry that they are now, otherwise there would be no "ten-year cold window" saying.
In modern society, it is popular to say that university is a stepping stone to life, and in ancient society, only those who become Xiucai are eligible to participate in scientific examinations. In other words, it is much easier to get into a university now than it was in ancient times.
But Xiucai's status has not always risen, and their status in the Song Dynasty was relatively low. Of course, there were more great writers in the Song Dynasty, and they also paid more attention to literature and light on martial arts, and Xiucai grabbed a lot of them. For the students who are qualified to participate in the scientific examination, they are called Xiucai, and there is no special meaning.
The period when the status of Xiucai really improved was in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the reason was very simple, that is, it was more difficult. In order to select outstanding talents, the topics of the imperial court are also very tricky, and in the Ming and Qing dynasties, there is also the ideological view that "everything is inferior, only reading is high".
This leads to the number of people participating in the scientific examination every year exceeds the standard, and in order to solve this problem, of course, it is necessary to strictly control the quality. As we all know, the township examination is an examination that only those who become talented people are qualified to participate in. So what does it take to become a showman?
The first thing is to study, whether it is a private school or self-study, as long as you register with the local government, you are eligible to take the exam. In the Qing Dynasty, this was called the children's examination, and the children's examination was divided into three stages, which were also layers of assessment. After passing the qualification, you can become a talent recognized by the government, have the qualification to enter the school established by the government, and become a real protégé of the Son of Heaven.
Xiucai who can go through the township examination, the meeting examination, and the palace examination will become a jinshi, which means that he has the qualifications to be an official. But it is not difficult to see that it is difficult to be admitted to Xiucai, let alone to be admitted to the Jinshi or even high school.
03 The status of Xiucai has been further improved.
If you think that Xiucai's status reached its peak in the Ming and Qing dynasties, you are wrong. Xiucai's status really reached its peak in Wanqing, and those who could be officials at that time were people who had read books for half their lives, just because of the high pressure of official competition in Wanqing.
Some people even read books all their lives, thinking that they were full of wealth, but when they arrived in the examination room, they were the strongest of the strongest. If they don't get into the exam until they are fifty or sixty years old, then it is no longer realistic to take the exam, and they will open private schools in the local area, or they will be hired by the government as teachers in the school.
In modern society, primary school teachers must at least have a bachelor's degree. Therefore, if you become a showman, you can become a teacher, and you have to be a college student who has graduated today. So when it comes to the seventy or eighty talents, do those who are still taking the examination also exist? Of course, the ancients had an inexplicable persistent pursuit of reading, after all, you can eat imperial food if you pass the exam.
04 Epilogue. Therefore, no matter what time it is, reading has always been the most persistent thing in people's hearts. It's just that compared to the difficult learning environment in ancient times, we can all have the qualifications to receive education today, which is the meaning of the progress of the times.
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