Recently, the national spring ploughing and spring management from south to north has been carried out one after another. According to the China Meteorological Administration, the cold wave will affect most parts of China in the next few days. The low temperature duration of this weather process is long, and the impact of heavy snowfall and freezing rain is widespread, which is highly overlapping with the rain, snow and freezing weather in early February, which may have an adverse impact on the current agricultural production.
What is the impact of the cold spell on agricultural production? How can I prevent it? Let's take a look.
What is the impact of this cold wave, rain, snow and freezing weather on agricultural production?
The temperature fluctuates violently during the cold wave weather, and the rain and snow are wideIt is easy to cause flowering rape, green wheat, open-field vegetables, fruit trees and other crops to be frozen, damage to agricultural facilities, affect the production of livestock, poultry and aquatic products, and block the transportation of fresh agricultural products, and may also lead to Hubei, Hunan and other disaster-stricken areas in the early stage of "worse".
How to take cold and frost prevention measures to "move" and control "freezing"?
According to the guidance of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, different regions need to take different "cold" measures to protect crops from winter
Northern RegionsIt is necessary to strengthen the classified management of winter wheat to ensure safe wintering and smooth return to green;
Strengthen agricultural facilities, remove snow in a timely manner, and scientifically regulate temperature;
do a good job in the operation of vegetable fertilizer and water and the prevention and control of diseases and pests; Implement livestock and poultry care and drinking water system anti-freezing, and appropriately increase the proportion of energy feed;
Livestock and poultry that died due to disasters should be treated harmlessly in a timely manner; Increase the water level of the breeding pond and transfer the cold-tolerant aquaculture species to the greenhouse (room) as soon as possible.
Southern regionIt is necessary to implement anti-stain and anti-freezing measures for rapeseed, open-field vegetables and fruit trees, strengthen soil cultivation, and spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the foliar surface;
Timely ditch cleaning, moisture management, drainage and humidity reduction. Strengthen the transfer and transportation of seeds, fertilizers, forage, vaccines, disinfectants and other means of production.
Do a good job of cold and freeze protection and warmth, experts give you this advice:
The Ecological and Agricultural Meteorological Office of the National Meteorological Center recommends that the greenhouses and livestock sheds of facilities should be strengthened in a timely manner, and the snow should be cleared and de-iced by seizing the snowfall gap to prevent the collapse of the shed caused by strong winds and snow pressure, resulting in freezing damage to vegetables, fruits, livestock and poultry; Strengthen field management, harvest mature open-field vegetables, reduce frost damage losses, spray pesticides to enhance frost resistance before the cold wave of late sowing of weak seedlings rapeseed, and remove frostbitten leaves and buds of rapeseed in time after low temperature to promote the recovery of growth; After rain and snow, reduce humidity and drain stains in time to increase ground temperature, especially in low-lying fields, ensure smooth drainage, and prevent stagnant water from freezing and frostbitten crop roots.
There is also a detailed cold and frost protection guide involving vegetables, fruit trees, livestock and poultry, aquatic products, and green manure, which I hope will be helpful to you.
Technical measures for cold and freeze protection of vegetables and cash crops
Reinforced greenhouses
Carefully check whether the greenhouse has film damage and loose columns, repair the damage in time, strengthen the greenhouse, tighten the film pressing line, and prevent the greenhouse from being damaged and affecting the crops in the shed.
Watering to keep warm
Before the cold wave comes, choose a sunny day in the morning (the temperature in the shed is above 20°) to use drip irrigation under the film to water the vegetables and cash crops in the shed to enhance the soil insulation effect and reduce the freezing damage of the root system.
Cover warming
To maintain the tightness of the greenhouse, build a medium shed or a small arch shed in the greenhouse, and cover it with insulation materials at night. The bottom of the outer perimeter of the greenhouse is covered with plastic film apron to reduce the invasion of cold air at the bottom.
Fill in the light to increase the temperature
Cash crops are conditionally equipped with ultraviolet lamps or oil and gas and other heating equipment, and the lights are turned on at night to supplement the light and increase the temperature, and the temperature in the shed is not lower than 10 degrees.
Let the wind refine the seedlings
Before cooling, the air should be repeatedly released to reduce the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the shed, so that vegetables and cash crops can grow robustly, improve cold resistance, and reduce frost damage.
Soil insulation
Before the cold wave of open-field vegetables, cultivate the hoeed soil at the rhizosphere of vegetables, and increase the application of warm farm fertilizer to loosen the soil, increase the soil temperature, and protect the root system.
Fertilization is cold-resistant
Foliar fertilizer was sprayed on the foliar surface before and after the cold wave to improve the cold resistance of vegetables and reduce the degree of frost damage.
Clear the snow
In case of snowfall, the snow on the greenhouse should be swept away in time to prevent the greenhouse from collapsing due to snow, and the ditch drainage work on both sides of the greenhouse should be done in time.
Technical measures for cold and frost protection of fruit trees
It should be picked to replenish water and increase entropy
For the red beauties that have not been picked in the facility, especially the trees with a large amount of fruit and weak trees, they should be picked as soon as possible to prevent frost damage; Immediately after harvesting, water is replenished to increase entropy and promote the recovery of tree potential.
Protect the tree
Whitening the trunk, wrapping the trunk with straw, mulching the root neck and covering the canopy of the tree are used to prevent the tree from freezing. Cover the root neck with soil or 15 cm to 30 cm straw to reduce the evaporation of soil moisture from the root system and reduce the drop in soil temperature; Cover the canopy with cold-proof cloth or shade nets, etc., and paint the trunk with homemade or commercial whitening agents; Prepare for irrigation in advance, and when the cold wave comes, irrigation can effectively reduce the temperature drop of the orchard; After the end of the cold wave, remove the stagnant water in the field in time. Early spraying of antifreeze agents such as foliar fertilizer and plant anti-vapor film former can enhance the nutrition of the tree and form a protective film on the leaf surface to protect the tree.
Pest and disease control
For orchards with a high base of red spiders, pest control should be done in a timely manner, mineral oil 150 times + spirofen 4000 times spraying control, avoid the use of stone sulfur mixture, etc., so as not to cause a large number of leaf litter caused by improper application, resulting in damage to the tree.
Check the greenhouse facilities and do a good job of temperature control in the shed
Repair the damaged scaffolding and film covering in time, strengthen and tie the greenhouse, and prevent freezing due to damaged film covering or blown by the wind. If the temperature rises too quickly on a sunny day, the shed should be opened for ventilation in time to avoid too large temperature difference between morning and evening and damage to the tree.
Artificial heating
For the late-maturing citrus varieties that need to be overwintered and need to protect the fruits, the orchards with conditions can be artificially warmed. Can be prepared around the greenhouse in a circle of chaff or dust, when the night falls below -1, increase air convection through fumigation, to prevent frost damage, smoke should pay attention to safety, can not appear open flame or too close to the tree. If there is other heating equipment, the heating around the shed can be enlarged to increase the convection of hot air and improve the anti-freezing ability.
Technical measures for cold and frost prevention of green manure
Clear the ditch and sort out the ditch
With the reduction of groundwater level as the key defense measures, do a good job in cleaning the ditch system, so that "a field, water at both ends, smooth communication between the three sides, and vacating on all sides", requiring that there is no open water in the ditch, dry energy irrigation and drainage; In particular, rapeseed green manure should strengthen the furrow system to prevent the phenomenon of seedling withdrawal caused by water accumulation in the field or excessive drought. Therefore, the fields that have not yet opened the peripheral ditch system should be completed in the near future, and the ditch system should be cleaned up and dredged in time for the fields that have collapsed and blocked the ditch system.
Yonggen covers the soil
Combined with the ditch and ditch management, the ditch mud is used to do a good job of covering the soil of Yonggen, promote the growth of the root system, and enhance the ability to resist cold, especially in the field with large seedlings, it is necessary to do the work of loosening the soil and bacon, so as to play the role of heat preservation and reducing frost damage; For the no-tillage sowing of broad beans after rice or the no-tillage sowing of broad beans and interplanting of broad beans before rice, the fields that have not yet been ditched are required to be ditched and covered with soil in a timely manner when the soil moisture is suitable, and the number of ditches should be increased if necessary, so as to resolutely eliminate the dew seeds and ensure that they are fully sown.
Proper fertilization
For the field with small seedlings, some compound fertilizer can be appropriately applied before the cold wave, about 15 kg per mu, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can improve the stress resistance of plants and reduce the occurrence of frost damage. After the weather warms up, the fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer can be applied appropriately according to the specific growth of green manure in the field to promote post-freezing recovery.
Finally, I would like to remind you that you must pay attention to radio, television, mobile phone text messages, WeChat, etc., understand early warning information and response measures as soon as possible, and take the initiative to avoid disasters and prevent disasters scientifically.