Some people feel that they are "fat when they drink water", or they can't lose weight when they are fat, and they can't help but wonder if they are the "fat people" chosen by God? Studies have shown that obesity is closely related to the bacteria in the gut, if the gut is "Fat fungus"If you have more, then you will lose weight with half the effort.
Is obesity associated with gut microbiota?
There is a close relationship between obesity and gut microbiota. The intestinal flora of healthy people is composed of more than 1,000 types, which are divided into 6 bacterial phyla: Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, Fusobacterium, Actinomycetes and Verrucomicrobacteria, among which Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes account for the highest proportion, about 90%. However, the diversity and relative abundance of gut microbiota in obese people were low, with an increase in the abundance of Firmicutes and a decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes.
There are 4 main mechanisms of intestinal microbiota leading to obesity:
1.Energy Intake Regulation:The intestinal flora influences food digestion and absorption, and certain microbiota can promote the absorption of fats and carbohydrates from food, leading to increased energy intake.
2.Inflammatory response:Certain intestinal flora increase intestinal permeability, induce an inflammatory response, lead to insulin resistance and adipocyte proliferation, and promote fat deposition and obesity.
3.Metabolite Effects:Metabolites of the gut microbiota, such as short-chain fatty acids, can affect the body's energy metabolism and fat storage.
4.Gut microbiota-gut-brain axis:The intestinal microbiota acts on the intestinal epithelial cells, which promote the secretion of metabolism-related hormones and act on the brain, thus producing an appetite-altering effect.
What are the differences in the composition of intestinal flora in different populations?
The composition of the gut microbiota in different populations is affected by various factors such as genetics, region, lifestyle, dietary habits, BMI, ethnicity, gender, and drug use. Among them, diet is one of the important factors affecting the composition of intestinal flora, so there are great individual differences in the intestinal flora of different populations, which are mainly manifested in the diversity of microflora, the type and abundance of dominant flora.
Different dietary components have different effects on the intestinal flora. Carbohydrates can alter the overall composition of the gut microbiota, for example, lactobacilli can use glucose to produce lactic acid and other beneficial substances. A high-protein diet (casein, whey protein) can inhibit the growth of the "fat bacteria" Firmicutes.
A high-fat diet can significantly change the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroides in the intestinal flora, change the abundance of specific bacterial species, and cause changes in metabolites, such as reducing the content of short-chain fatty acids, thereby causing obesity.
Vitamins and trace elements also affect the intestinal flora. Vitamin D can increase the diversity of gut microbiota while increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Ackermansia mucinophila and Bifidobacteria. Vitamin A can increase the abundance of Lactobacillus. If the human body is deficient in iron or zinc, the relative abundance of the "fat bacterium" Dorradiotobacterium in the intestine will increase.
How to prevent changes in the gut microbiota
The key to preventing changes in the gut microbiota is to maintain a good diet and lifestyle.
The Western-style diet is dominated by high-sugar, high-fat and high-calorie components, which leads to an increase in Proteobacteria and Klebsiella, while reducing the production of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria, causing metabolic disorders, thereby inducing metabolic diseases such as obesity.
The Mediterranean diet is a plant-based diet that is predominantly plant-based and rich in fiber and omega-3 fatty acids, while low in animal protein and saturated fat. The Mediterranean diet helps to regulate the level of intestinal flora, promote the increase of beneficial flora, prevent and improve obesity.
A healthy lifestyle also plays a vital role in maintaining the stability and healthy balance of the intestinal flora, such as exercising properly, reducing stress, getting enough sleep, and avoiding the abuse of antibiotics and other medications that have adverse effects on the intestinal flora.
How obese people regulate their gut microbiota
Modulating the intestinal microbiota is a very effective method for obesity, including dietary regulation, the application of probiotic preparations and fecal transplantation.
Obese people should increase their dietary fiber intake, supplement fermented foods, and choose foods rich in probiotics and prebiotics, such as yogurt, lactic acid bacteria fermented foods, beans, etc., which can help promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria. Studies have shown that the top five most effective dietary factors that improve intestinal flora are ginsenosides, sageol, artemisinin, piciataxel and fructooligosaccharides, and foods rich in these dietary factors can be appropriately consumed.
At the same time, the balance of intestinal flora can be regulated by oral probiotics and prebiotic preparations.
Fecal bacteria transplantation needs to be carried out under the guidance of a professional doctor, and it is based on the principle of transplanting the beneficial bacteria in the feces of healthy people into the gastrointestinal tract of the patient to achieve the effect of remodeling the intestinal flora.
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Synthesized from: Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University.
Editor: Qiu Caihong.
*Please indicate that it is from the official account of Shanghai Xuhui.