Chao news client Fan Hengshan editor Zhou Yuhan.
Source: Visual China.
An important aspect of persisting in seeking progress while maintaining stability and promoting economic stability and improvement is to create a good business environment for business entities. The business environment is the institutional and institutional factors and conditions involved in market economic activities by enterprises and other business entities. From the preparation and start-up of enterprises to the final closure and liquidation, the institutional and policy factors involved in the whole process are the business environment. The business environment involves the activity of investment and operation, the degree of social innovation, and the competitiveness and sustainability of regional development. This is a basic starting point for examining the state of China's business environment.
The main progress made in the construction of China's business environment is the main body of the business environment. In recent years, a lot of work has been done at all levels around the construction and optimization of the business environment. From attaching great importance to the active efforts of various localities, China's business environment construction has made great progress step by step, and the system and policy situation faced by enterprises have been significantly improved. The World Bank's country evaluation report generally evaluates a country's business environment by evaluating the specific status of ten indicators, including starting a business, applying for building permits, obtaining electricity**, obtaining credit, etc., and ranking a country by the efficiency and cost of handling these matters. The sampling sites in China are mainly Beijing and Shanghai. The World Bank has given high praise to China's business environment, and its world ranking has risen from 96th in 2013 to 31st in 2018. According to the ranking of the World Bank report, China's business environment has surpassed that of some developed countries in the West. Of course, in the past two years, the World Bank has stopped publishing the original evaluation report, saying that it will rebuild the new evaluation system to assess the business and investment environment of each economy. However, the pace of optimizing the business environment in China has not stopped, and the intensity is getting stronger and stronger. From a practical point of view, China's business environment construction has made generally recognized progress, and grasping the construction of business environment has become a kind of action consciousness of many local party committees. The construction of the business environment is mainly focused on "improving efficiency" and "making profits", which is both limited and unsustainable. One is "efficiency", that is, to improve efficiency; The other is "concession", that is, to provide discounts. The so-called "efficiency improvement" is to reform the original examination and approval management method that is too complicated, too time-consuming, and too costly, so as to improve efficiency. Efforts to streamline administration and delegate power and optimize services are mainly based on this. Its path mainly relies on institutional reform, management innovation and technological empowerment. The "concession of profits" is mainly reflected through the implementation of differentiated land, fiscal and financial policies on investment and business entities. For a long time, some places have regarded it as an important means to attract investment and an important part of optimizing the business environment. Whether it is "improving efficiency" or "making profits", it is necessary in a certain period of time and under certain conditions. Enterprises want to reduce the number of approvals related to the project as much as possible, shorten the time as much as possible, reduce the cost as much as possible, and also hope to obtain preferential treatment in terms of land, loans, taxes, etc. Therefore, for the best "efficiency" and "profit", enterprises or entrepreneurs are highly recognized. However, if the construction of the business environment is mainly focused on "improving efficiency" and "making profits", it is limited and unsustainable. Why not sustainably?Let's start with "let's make profits". With the continuous improvement of the socialist market economy system, the increasingly scientific and standardized economic management, and the integration with the international high-level investment rules, the practice of tax reduction and exemption as the main form of concession should not be sustainable and unsustainable. Internationally, there are few developed countries and regions that attract investment through tax reductions and exemptions, low land prices and free land transfers. "Concession of profits" is not the basic practice of the market economy, nor is it the main means of mature macroeconomic management and economic adjustment. This road, starting to walk may be necessary. In fact, most parts of the country no longer focus on the construction of a business environment. Let's talk about "improving efficiency". Many localities have taken many effective measures to improve work efficiency. For example, some localities have made innovative efforts to streamline administration and delegate powers, and the more famous one is the reform of "one run at most." Enterprises and the masses to the first office, you can get the required materials in advance, even if multiple departments are involved, they only need to go to a window to handle it at one time, at most only once. Compared with the unreasonable "management", "card" and "pressure" in the approval process, enterprises and the people are very welcome to this. But there is no limit to the ways out. We noticed that the benchmark is "one run at most", and some places propose "zero running", so further down it should be "not only don't you run, I also help you run", but can this continue? In fact, there are limits to how much efficiency can be achieved. No matter how short the management list is, the necessary approvals cannot be abandoned; No matter how short the approval time is, it cannot be zero. Therefore, there must be a certain limit in terms of "efficiency improvement". Some localities like to put forward requirements such as "the shortest list" and "the simplest procedure", but in fact, such proposals do not conform to scientific principles, and it is also difficult to achieve in practice, and in the end they will become empty talk and degenerate into formality. For the construction of the business environment, it is not particularly important to achieve the so-called "most". What's particularly important? In my opinion, it can be summarized into the following four aspects. First, the focus of management content is not "less" but "accurate". Nowadays, many places are comparing who has fewer items on the management list, but no matter how few management items are on the list, it is impossible to cancel them all. Therefore, the key is not "less" but "accurate". It is necessary to be clear what should be managed and what should not be managed. Second, the focus of governance is not "loose" but "public". Streamlining administration and delegating power is not to let go of anything, and some things that should be controlled cannot be relaxed at all, but whether it is loose or tight, the basis of management should be fair and just, and there should be no preset positions, no differential treatment, and no two rules should be used for the evaluation of the same thing. Third, the focus of policy orientation is not "benefit" but "trust". The policies introduced should not take preferential treatment as the main tone and focus on "reduction, exemption, and supplementation", but should focus on boosting investor confidence and making efforts to enhance social initiative and creativity. Fourth, the focus of service measures is not "more" but "real". Some documents issued in some places are often written in the form of "pulling strips", 30 articles, 50 articles, and so on. It is good to have many measures, but the key is to land, or to implement, and really help enterprises and people solve practical problems, otherwise, it will be empty talk. The direction and focus of China's future business environment construction Regarding the construction of business environment, the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized these two points. First, it is necessary to create a first-class business environment that is market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized. This article has been frequently emphasized in various national documents over the years. Article 2: Improve the basic systems of the market economy, such as the protection of property rights, market access, fair competition, and social credit, and optimize the business environment. This article has a new generalization, which is very important. The direction of China's future business environment construction can be summarized as the realization of "two transformations". The first change is to shift from "sprinkling ganlin" to "solving difficulties", that is, extending from inclusive services to precise management. It is necessary to further expand the depth of policy services, and further focus on the specific needs of each enterprise when continuing to do a good job in the design of inclusive policies, carry out customized and personalized services, and truly make the best policy a specific plan for every enterprise to solve problems. In this way, enterprises have a real feeling, so as to experience the specific progress of the construction of the best business environment. The second change is to shift from "giving convenience" to "strengthening confidence", that is, from policy preferences to institutional innovation. "Improving efficiency" and "making profits" are still convenient in nature, but for enterprises, the most important thing is to give them "peace of mind" and boost their confidence in continuing to start a business. This requires the promotion of a series of institutional innovations, including some basic institutional innovations. Combined with these two changes, the next step in the construction of the business environment should be closely related to the five words. First, "justice". Fairly safeguard the rights of all economic sectors needed under the conditions of a market economy, including equal protection of property rights, fairly and undiscriminately provide financial and other policy services to all market economic entities, and fairly solve various specific problems faced by various types of enterprises. Enterprises have something to do, this kind of "for" is not only general or general, but also should be specific or targeted. Second, "transparency". Policy formulation should not be carried out in the study, still less should it be closed in the study to engage in mysticism, but should be made open to the whole society so that the common people can see it at a glance. In other words, the policy should have a high degree of transparency, so that it can be checked on the Internet and known at a glance. Policy transparency contains a very important principle, that is, the connotation is clear, there is no need for commentary, no digressions, and no surprises. Otherwise, third-party interpretations may be distorted. Third, "stability". Policies and regulations should not only be graspable, but also sustainable, that is, maintain continuity and stability, so that new officials should take care of old accounts, and people will not be cold when they go to tea. Fourth, "integrity". * To take the lead in honesty, to trust people, to trust the prestige, to build sincerity. At the same time, it is necessary to promote social creditworthiness and comprehensively raise the level of social creditworthiness. It is necessary to realize that honesty is the essential characteristic of a mature market economy and the core content of a good business environment. Fifth, "real". "Real" is the life of all measures, and all effective measures must fall to the "last kilometer", to the people's pots and stoves, and to the machine tools of the enterprise's workshop. Good policies and measures should not be put on a show, and they should not be floated on them. [The author is the former deputy secretary-general of the country].
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