Zhang He, one of Cao Cao's "Five Good Generals", can be regarded as a well-known figure in history.
However, this comrade's life has a melancholy temperament, which can make many people feel depressed after reading it. We won't say why we can't figure out why, but I can tell you responsibly that this feeling is right.
Zhang He's life was almost destined to be a tragedy. Don't look at Zhang He's very high rank, great fame, and very good treatmentBut basically he has been a man with his tail between his whole life, and he has suffered all kinds of wretchedness, and in the end, he was forced to die by his direct leader, a colleague who was not as qualified and meritorious as himself in military affairs.
So, what is the reason why Zhang He has to experience such a depressing life? Did he choose it himself? Is it due to his abilities and character flaws? Or was he born to be a hard-working man?
Zhang He, whose name is 儁乂, is a native of Hejian County, Jizhou. After the outbreak of the Yellow Turban Uprising, he was drafted into the armyJudging from this development trajectory, it should not be a family background with a very good background, at most, it is about the same as Comrade Liu Bei, more than the above.
Zhang He mixed into the position of military Sima under Jizhou Mu Han Fu, and in 191 AD, Han Fu packed Jizhou and gave it to Yuan Shao, a son of a wealthy family, and Zhang He followed the new boss Yuan Shao to mix the rivers and lakes.
After Yuan Shao took over Jizhou, he immediately encountered a big project - Sun Zhan, the northern wolf warrior, was going to fight him alone. Therefore, a military general like Zhang He has a great stage and space. Zhang He climbed to the position of Ning Guozhong General because of his merits, and became more and more famous in Yuan Shao GroupLater generations listed it as one of the "Four Courtyard Pillars of Hebei", and the other three were Yan Liang, Wen Chou and Gao Lan.
Later, in the famous Battle of Guandu, Zhang He once proposed to Yuan Shao to "cut off the return route of Cao's army, and omit its materials so that it would be defeated without a fight", but because Yuan Shao occupied an absolute advantage at that time, he did not adopt it. Obviously, you can solve the problem with your strength, so why do you want to play tricks?
When Wuchao grain and grass were attacked, Zhang He strongly advocated Yuan Shao to lead a large army to rescue, while the strategist Guo Tu advocated besieging Wei to rescue Zhao to attack Cao Cao's base camp, and finally Yuan Shao compromised and sent light cavalry to rescue Chun Yuqiong, and sent Zhang He and Gao Lan to lead heavy troops to attack Cao's camp. In the end, Cao Ying couldn't attack for a long time, Wuchao's grain and grass were burned, and Zhang He and Gao Ran were dumped by Guo Tu instead, saying that they couldn't do their work, and they gloated over Yuan Shao's failure. In this way, Zhang He and Gao Ran finally couldn't stand Yuan Shao's broken company culture, and they didn't do it anymore, let's do it with Boss Cao.
Cao Cao was overjoyed when he learned the news of Zhang He's surrender, and spoke highly of Zhang He, saying that Zhang He had taken refuge in himselfIf the micron goes to Yin, Han Xin returns to Han。directly raised Zhang He to the level of the god of history. Then, the treatment immediately followed, worshipping Zhang He as a partial general and being named the Marquis of Duting. Cao Cao's operation is exquisite, I will talk about it later.
Everyone can rest assured, if you pick up such a good resource in the thrift market, Boss Cao will not be stingy to let Zhang He cash in. In the subsequent operation of Cao Cao to completely destroy the Yuan clique, Zhang He and his army worked hard.
Of course, Zhang He's first highlight moment in Cao Ying came from the winter of 207 AD, that is, when Cao Cao was instigated by Guo Jia to go north to conquer Wuhuan, when Cao Cao's gang was like a group of hungry and cold Huazi, and was blocked at White Wolf Mountain by the Wuhuan leader BadunIt was Zhang He, Zhang Liao, Cao Chun and other macho men who led the soldiers, and they all regarded themselves as Wu Jing at the end of the Han DynastyIn the end, he successfully killed more than ten people below the famous king, captured more than 200,000 people, and finally leveled Wuhuan and completely eradicated the remnants of the Yuan family. Zhang He was promoted to General Pingdi after the war.
After returning from Nayili in the northeast, he ran into Chen Lan, Mei Cheng and others in Huainan against Cao. So, Zhang He, Zhu Gai and others went to act as a firefighting team under Zhang Liao's supervision, and the result was naturally a success.
Later, it was Cao Cao who was addicted to his own promotion, and wanted to use the northwest warlords to back his back, forcing Ma Chao, Han Sui and others to rebel. Zhang He made another meritorious contribution in this operation, and since then he has been associated with the Great Northwest, which can be regarded as choosing a cemetery for himself in advance.
After Cao Cao defeated Ma Chao and Han Sui and forced Yang Qiu to surrender, he left the clearance work in the northwest to Xiahou Yuan and went back to prepare for the addition of Jiuxi.
Zhang He and Xu Huang followed Xiahou Yuan all the way west, and conquered the thieves Kou Liangxing who were entrenched in Duncheng and the Di rebels in the Wudu area, which was equivalent to a deep suppression of bandits.
In 214, Ma Chao, who was forced to leave his hometown, took out a mortgage from Zhang Lu in Hanzhong (with the Ministry of Pound as a mortgage) in exchange for military food and equipment, and once again went out of Qishan, **Longyou. After Xiahou Yuan heard the news, he hurriedly sent troops to reinforce him. However, Xiahou Yuan's arrangement was:Zhang He led 5,000 horses in front and entered from the narrow road of Chencang, and Xiahou Yuan himself supervised the grain. Keep this arrangement in mind, as will be said later.
Fortunately, at that time, Ma Chao's troops had already lost their morale, and when they heard that Xiahou Yuan and Zhang He had come to reinforce them, they broke up on their own. Zhang He successfully recovered several counties.
Subsequently, Zhang He and Xiahou Yuan struck while the iron was hot, crusaded against Caohan, pacified Song Jian, surrendered Hexi Zhuqiang, and completely pacified Longyou.
In 215, Cao Cao personally conquered Zhang Lu in Hanzhong, and Zhang He once again acted as a vanguard, clearing obstacles such as Dou Mao, the leader of the Di tribe, for Cao Cao along the way.
After the pacification of Hanzhong, Zhang He tentatively attacked the two counties of Padang and Brazilwas easily taught a lesson by his own family Zhang Fei.
In 218, the famous Battle of Hanzhong officially broke out, and Liu Bei showed an inevitable posture against Hanzhong. Xiahou Yuan, the head of the Wei army in Hanzhong, himself guarded the Yangping Pass, but arranged for Zhang He to respond to Guangshi outside the pass.
The lone army is hanging outside, this is almost a live target, Liu Bei is not polite, personally led more than 10,000 elite soldiers, divided into ten parts, and attacked Zhang He at night. Seeing that the Wei army was about to collapse, it was Zhang He who led his personal army to rush to the front line at a critical moment to withstand Liu Bei's offensive.
Unable to take Yangping Pass, the gateway to Hanzhong, for a long time, Liu Bei decided to find another way, quietly moved to Dingjun Mountain, and killed Xiahou Yuan, who personally led his troops to replenish the antlers, in the subsequent battle.
Although he killed the commander-in-chief of a front army of the Wei army, Liu Bei was still very Versailles and sighedIt doesn't mean anything to kill Xiahou Yuan, if you want to kill it, kill Zhang He.
After Xiahou Yuan was glorified, Zhang He was elected by the Wei army bosses as the temporary leader to preside over the overall situation, and Zhang He stabilized the situation in Hanzhong step by step and waited for reinforcements.
After Cao Cao learned of the situation, he scolded Xiahou Yuan, who had been sacrificed, and then took the opportunity to admit Zhang He's status as the number one in Hanzhong, and also gave Zhang He a fake treatment. Then Cao Cao personally attacked Hanzhong and took Zhang He and the troops in Hanzhong out.
After evacuating from Hanzhong, did Zhang He naturally become the leader of the Northwest Army? As it turns out, we overthink it. Cao Cao only ordered Zhang He to guard Chen Cang, and then a new leader named Cao Zhen took office.
Until Cao Cao's death, Zhang He did not make much progress, and he usually suppressed bandits in the northwest.
After Cao Pi succeeded to the throneAs is customary, seniority pay is added by one level, Zhang He was promoted to General Zuo, and his title was made the Marquis of Duxiang.
Subsequently, at the political outlet of Cao Pi's proclamation of emperor,Zhang He's political statement was both timely and correct, and he was named Marquis by Cao Pijin.
But in general, Zhang He did not have a very bright performance in the military of Cao Pi's dynasty, which may be as Cao Zhen and Xiahou Shang attacked Jiangling and captured the Wu army fortress on Bailizhou, which is worth mentioning.
After Cao Rong succeeded to the throne, the Northern Expedition of the Shu Han Prime Minister also began, and Zhang He, under the leadership of Cao Zhen, went to the northwest again to put out the fire. Cao Zhen himself chose to go to Jigu to block Zhao Yun, and Shanglong went to the battlefield of Liangzhou but handed it over to Zhang He. Fortunately, Zhang He was lucky, he met the famous 250 Ma Tan classmates, and successfully won a blood in the street pavilion. Zhang He relied on this skill to increase the number of food eaters by 1,000, and he was so moved that he wanted to sing "I can't finish loving you" to the beheaded Ma Tan.
Subsequently, in the prime minister's several Northern Expeditions, Zhang He performed all of them, such as the time when Zhuge Liang attacked Chencang City for a long timeZhang He incarnated as Zhang Shenxian and predicted that Zhuge Liang would withdraw his army because of lack of food.
In 230, Cao Wei, who was beaten out of anger by Zhuge Liang, felt that attack was the best defense, and sent a large army to attack Shu, Cao Zhen out of the Xiegu, Zhang He out of the Meridian Valley, and Sima Yi out of Xicheng, and finally because of the heavy rain for several months, he was forced to interrupt the plan. Zhang He's direct leader, Cao Zhen, also died of illness as a result of this operation.
In 231, Zhuge Liang launched the Fourth Northern Expedition, and Cao Wei arranged for Zhang He to have a new leader, Sima Yi.
Sima Yi was the famous king of routines in the late Han Dynasty, this guy didn't fight Zhuge Liang as soon as he came up, but as soon as Zhuge Liang retreated, he took the initiative to entangle him again. Zhang He reminded Sima Yi:Leader, our Wei warriors are not this style, you are doing this very much to hurt the morale of your brothers. But Sima Yi didn't listen at all, even if his subordinate Wei Ping publicly ridiculed him for being afraid of Shu like a tiger, he didn't care.
What routine is Sima Yi actually playing? He was holding back Wei Jun's strength, and when he was holding back enough, he would make a heavy punch.
Later, when Zhuge Liang's troops surrounded Qishan, Sima Yi felt that the time he was waiting for had come, Zhang He attacked Wang Ping, who was stationed in Nanwei, and led his army to attack the middle of the Shu army. Zhang He just didn't break through Wang Ping's defense, and he himself was beaten all over the ground by Wei Yan and others.
Immediately, Zhuge Liang had to withdraw because Li Yan was making trouble behind his back. Sima Yi felt that the time had come again, and asked Zhang He to lead his troops to pursue. Zhang He said that there would be an ambush, because Zhuge Liang has always been a master of killing back the carbine. But Sima Yi said, I'm a big official, just listen to me. In the end, Zhang He set up an ambush in Mumen Valley and was shot dead.
After his death, the imperial court gave Zhang He the nickname Marquis Zhuang, and his son Zhang Xiong inherited his title. The four sons were also named liehous, and the younger son also received the glorious title of Marquis of Guannei. Zhang He himself was also enshrined in the temple court of Cao Cao, Taizu of Wei. Looks quite scenic.
If we don't go into details, I believe that most people can't see that Zhang He is living a very aggrieved life. After all, Zhang He's life resume is so glamorous, and in the end, he was specially enshrined in the temple court of Cao Cao, Taizu of Wei, what a beautiful scenery, how can he be aggrieved?
However, let's carefully sort out Zhang He's professional experience, especially after returning to Cao Cao, will you find a particularly strange thing:Has Zhang He been giving people a hand, either on the way to give people a hand, or on the way to give people a hand?
As mentioned earlier, at the end of the Battle of Guandu, Zhang He surrendered, Cao Cao compared him to Weizi and Han Xin, and praised him highly, do you really think Zhang He is so weighty? In fact, no, Cao Cao wanted to set a benchmark and break the will of Yuan Shao's subordinates to resist. You see, how kind a person I Cao Cao is, as long as I am willing to follow me, I will be treated and given status immediately.
But, what about the other way around? When the situation stabilizes, you will do the dirty work and the tiring work. Lao Tzu wants to fight Hebei, you Zhang Liao, Zhang He and these people will rush me; Lao Tzu is in danger in White Wolf Mountain, and the time has come for the knife to see blood, so you should lead the team to fight; There is a rebellion in Huainan, you can quickly put out the fire for me......Moreover, in this process, Zhang He gave Zhang Liao a hand without exception, isn't Zhang Liao also a general? That's right, but the generals are also first-come, first-served.
What really decided Zhang He's fate was that Cao Cao left him in the northwest, and arranged a particularly domineering leader Xiahou Yuan for him. Xiahou Yuan is a person that everyone can understand, the main characteristics of his combat are two words: fierce and ruthless. How fierce and ruthless is it? Just don't treat the people below as people at all, you are all donkeys to the production team, just try your best to grind for me.
For example, Xiahou Yuan likes to engage in blitzkrieg the most, and the soldiers are very fast, which is understandable. But do you want to do blitzkrieg based on cavalry, Xiahou Yuan's men are basically all infantry, but this does not affect people's enthusiasm for blitzkrieg in the slightest. Traveling 100 miles a day, this is basically Xiahou Yuan's regular operation. Let's think about it, arrange a 100-kilometer training for you every day, can you stand it? Do you still have the strength to fight when you run to the battlefield like this? Xiahou Yuan doesn't care so much, because he is on horseback, you minions are the ones who walk with their legs.
For example, when Xiahou Yuan went to intercept Ma Chao, why did he arrange for Zhang He to lead 5,000 elite soldiers to take the Chencang narrow road to open the road in front, and he led the army to escort grain and grass in the back? Because the narrow road of Chen Cang is not suitable for marching at all, but as long as Ma Chao sets up some troops at the exit, Zhang He is equivalent to sending him to death. What is Xiahou Yuan thinking, do you understand?
For example, during the Battle of Hanzhong, Xiahou Yuan himself guarded the Yangping Pass, and let Zhang He be stationed in Guangshi outside the pass, what does it mean? I, Xiahou Yuan, am Cao Cao's own person, we can't be in danger, even if we guard the natural danger, we still need you Zhang He to go outside to attract firepower, what I want is double insurance. On the other hand, Zhang He was alone outside the pass, it was very easy to be dumplings, even if Liu Bei attacked in turn, it was enough to drink a pot, didn't Zhang He almost fail to resist? A commander, who has to take his own team to the front line to plug the holes when he fights until he can't move, can Zhang He not feel guilty?
To put it bluntly,Cao Cao, the Cao family, and the Xiahou family have never regarded Zhang He and others as their own, but as cows, Lao Tzu feeds you grass, you have to squeeze out milk for me, otherwise, I will kill you and eat meat.
In the battle of Hanzhong, Xiahou Yuan gave himself to death, and the long-awaited Zhang He became the leader of the temporary Guanzhong, do you understand Cao Cao's reactions? Why did you scold Xiahou Yuan, a dead man? Give Zhang He and these people anger and stabilize them! Why was Zhang He's democratically elected position recognized? Worried about Zhang He's rebellion! Why did he come to Hanzhong in person to pick up the troops in Hanzhong? I'm afraid that this army will be completely controlled by Zhang He!
After leaving Hanzhong, they immediately arranged a new leader for Zhang He. It's not that you Zhang He is incompetent, not qualified enough, and not have enough credit, but that you are not our own person. The leader of the Northwest Front Army can only be someone from our Cao family or Xiahou family. Don't bother with this, before Sima Yi, the leaders of all the front armies of Cao Wei were all members of the Cao family or the Xiahou family.
Xiahou Yuan and Cao Zhen are actually relatively betterThey just wanted to squeeze Zhang He and them, and they didn't want to really kill Zhang He, because Zhang He has surplus value to Cao Wei after all.
When Sima Yi, the old bastard, took power, he didn't think so. Whether you Zhang He is useful to Cao Wei or not, it's my business, Jiangshan's surname is Cao, and his surname is not Sima. All I care about is whether you get in the way of my coming to power. Facts have proved that he Sima Yi is indeed not as good as Zhang He, who is an old qualified in the army, and has prestige in the Northwest Army, and people dare to publicly laugh at you for being afraid of Shu like a tiger, and you still have a little pressure in your heart?
It was from this moment that Zhang He was basically doomed to a dead end.
Let's see how Sima Yi arranged for him to pursue Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang is a master of killing back the horse pistol, and the Shu army is not a defeated retreat, but an orderly retreat, everyone knows that this situation cannot be pursued casually, Sima Yi doesn't understand this truth?Besides, even if you want to pursue, can't you send a general of the second team to chase after it?Who is going to make a tentative pursuit and will be Xiao Wang as soon as he strikes?Do you play cards and fight landlords like this?But why did Sima Yi insist on doing this?Don't you just want you Zhang He to die!If you die, there will be no one in the Northwest Army who will have the weight to wrestle with me, and I will be in charge of the Northwest Army alone.
So, does Zhang He himself understand the routines and traps behind this?Naturally, I understand!Then why didn't he fight back?There is no way, Cao Cao has reflected on a hostage system since "One Night in Wancheng".Zhang He's family was all in the hands of the Cao Wei court. In addition,He was already a general, and he couldn't afford to pay a good price if he surrendered. Just like the current second-married and third-married women.
To sum up, can you now experience Zhang He's deep sense of grievance?His glory was actually some fig leaf, or consolation prize. For the sake of these fame and small profits, Zhang He has never really had his true self in his life.
Many of our friends are not feelingNo matter how hard I try to express myself, how much I cooperate with the wishes of the boss, and how much I obey the leader's arrangement, I always feel that I can't really integrate into the inner circle of the company？Let's put it cruelly, it's normal to have this feeling, and it's not normal to have it!
Let's not be deceived by the bosses' lies and chicken soup such as "meritocracy" and "equal treatment", the vast majority of bosses say one thing and do another.
How many bosses and leaders don't favor themselves and the people around them?Hardly! Because there are many core resources and core interests, they will only be at ease if they are put in the hands of more reliable people! So, under normal circumstances, who can make them feel safe in their hearts? The answer is self-explanatory.
Whether we talk about circles or classes, in fact, in the final analysis, we are talking about a relationship between relatives and alienation. Suppose we are like Zhang He, jumping from one company to another, is it really so easy to gain the trust of new bosses and colleagues? Trust is extremely costly, and as a person with a layer of distrust, it is almost difficult to be truly trusted. People will think that you are an outlier and will have a different heartIf it is not of my race, its heart will be different. People will also think that your previous betrayal has become a habit, there will be a second time if there is a first time, who will really care how involuntary you were at the beginning?
We mentioned second-married women earlier, why is it difficult for them to find a good partner in life? Isn't it that the cost of trust for others has increased?
When we look for a job, others look at our work historyPeople who change jobs too many times and too often are often difficult to choose；When we started a family,Generally, they are more concerned about the other party's marriage history and even emotional experienceHere's why.
Don't feel that society and life are very picky, because they are originally, always have been picky. We often say that the weak have no choice, and those who do not have the right to choose are destined to be picked. You are not my own person, I just can not trust you, don't say that you are sincere, I don't believe it! If you don't have me to kiss the boss, I can suppress you arrogantly, and it's useless for you to sue the boss! I'm better mixed than you, closer to the inner circle of power, I can bully you, and the boss will definitely pull the shelf. The people of the Cao family and the Xiahou family, including the later Sima Yi, treated Zhang He in this way.
Is Zhang He wronged? It's definitely wronged, it's all wronged. However, think back to ourselvesIn fact, most of us are not people like Zhang He? Haven't we been treated unfairly in society and in our lives? But can we break the jar because of this? What about the people hiding behind us?
Russell Rowland said that there is only one true heroism in the world, and that is to recognize the truth of life and still love life。But I know, I know that you and I are just ordinary people, people who have been hurt again and again by the truth of life, we are not destined to be heroes, we are all carrying thick shells. But my dear friend, my dear friend, we still have to persevere, persevere, we still have to live, we have to live. For those who love us, for those we love. The stars will bless us, the moon will bless us, and the flowers of spring will bless us.