Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, four constitutions have been promulgated, and according to the time of promulgation, they are the May Fourth Constitution, the 75th Constitution, the 78th Constitution, and the 82nd Constitution. China's first constitution refers to the May Fourth Constitution.
Our first constitution was convened on 15 September 1954The first session of the First National People's CongressIt was promulgated and came into force on September 20, 1954. This constitution was formulated on the basis of the "Common Program" adopted by the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in 1949 and in accordance with the objective requirements of the new situation and social development of the country. The basic spirit of the general line of the Communist Party of China during the transitional period, as the general guiding ideology for the drafting of the Constitution, runs through the entire Constitution like a main line, constituting a major revision and development of the "Common Program" of the Provisional Magna Carta at the beginning of the founding of New China.
In January 1953, the People's Committee put the task of formulating the Constitution on the agenda and established the Constitution Drafting Committee of the People's Republic of China with the People's Republic of China as its chairman. From December 28, 1953 to March 14, 1954, the Constitution Drafting Group led by ** spent 77 days and nights in Hangzhou and completed the drafting of the first draft of the Constitution, which was named the "West Lake Draft". On June 14, 1953, the People's Committee decided to publish the draft Constitution of the People's Republic of China and conduct in-depth discussions throughout the country. On September 15, 1954, the Constitution of the People's Republic of China was adopted and promulgated at the first session of the First National People's Congress.
The May Fourth Constitution, consisting of four chapters and 106 articles, runs through the principles of people's democracy and socialism, and affirms that the People's Republic of China is a people's democratic state led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants, that all state power belongs to the people, and that the organs through which the people exercise power are the national and local people's congresses at all levels. It stipulates that the country should take the socialist road, and the general task in the socialist transition period is to gradually realize the socialist industrialization of the country and gradually complete the socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts, and capitalist industry and commerce, and at the same time stipulate that the policy of utilizing, restricting, and transforming capitalist industry and commerce should be adopted. The May Fourth Constitution is a relatively complete constitution.