The two sessions are hotly discussed
The 2024 ** work report pointed out that it is expected that more than 11.7 million college graduates will be graduates this year, and it is necessary to strengthen policies and measures to promote youth employment and optimize employment and entrepreneurship guidance services.
How to more effectively promote the employment and entrepreneurship of college students? How to improve the matching between the supply of higher education and the needs of society? At this year's National People's Congress and the National People's Congress, representatives and members have made suggestions and suggestions on the employment and entrepreneurship of college graduates.
Improve the forward-looking nature of talent supply
In recent years, the scale of college graduates has been expanding, and they have become the main force of new employment every year, which is an important support for the country's economic and social development.
High-quality employment and entrepreneurship of college graduates is an inevitable requirement for high-quality development, and it is necessary to give full play to the role of employment and entrepreneurship of college graduates in the integration and development of service education, science and technology, and talents. Chen Wei, a deputy to the National People's Congress, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and president of Jiangnan University, said.
Li Xiaoxuan, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and vice president of the China Association of Private Education, analyzed that at present, some new changes have taken place in the structural mismatch of talents. In this regard, China's higher education should also respond quickly to changes in demand.
From the perspective of improving the support and contribution of education to high-quality development, it is an important focus to further improve the relevant systems and improve the adaptability and matching between the talent training and high-quality development needs of colleges and universities. Li Xiaoxuan said.
The design, optimization and reform of the employment and entrepreneurship system for college graduates is a systematic project, which not only requires the adjustment and design of the education system, but also is closely related to the design of the system outside education, such as income distribution and social security.
To promote high-quality development, each chain needs the support of different levels and types of professional talents, and it is urgent to improve and improve the talent demand mechanism based on the national development strategy and planning. Li Xiaoxuan said that it is necessary to adhere to the principles of "effective advancement" and "effective matching", strengthen the pre-research and prediction of talent supply and demand, and formulate national and regional medium and long-term talent planning. The education system needs to rationally compile and adjust the education development plan in a timely manner, focus on the development of new productive forces in the next 10 years or even longer, plan the distribution of resources, and improve the forward-looking, adaptability and coupling degree of talent supply.
Improve the matching degree of talent training with social needs
In the past year, Wu De, a deputy to the National People's Congress and president of Sichuan Agricultural University, visited some colleges and universities in Sichuan Province and the western region to investigate and understand the current problems and difficulties faced by college graduates in employment. He found that it is difficult for college graduates to find employment, some of which are deep-seated structural contradictions, and some of which are temporary difficulties in stages.
In Chen Wei's view, to improve the adaptability of higher education and social needs, it is necessary to continue to deepen the supply-side reform guided by employment conditions and social needs.
Specifically, it is necessary to optimize the setting of disciplines and specialties and strengthen the reform of talent training. Chen Wei said that colleges and universities should focus on the layout of disciplines with strong social demand, wide employment prospects and large talent gaps, and timely adjust the disciplines and majors with a low implementation rate of graduation for many years.
Ding Jianning, a deputy to the National People's Congress and president of Yangzhou University, said that the cultivation of employment awareness and ability requires a long-term process, and colleges and universities need to strengthen the top-level design, grasp it comprehensively, provide different employment guidance for students at different semester stages, and provide targeted help in combination with students' personal characteristics to further strengthen the pertinence of employment.
Wu De suggested that in the short term, we can increase the implementation of grassroots projects for graduates, increase the implementation of preferential policies for enterprises that absorb fresh graduates from colleges and universities, and strengthen financial support; In the long run, policies and measures should be introduced to promote the participation of enterprises and institutions in the cooperation of school talent training, guide colleges and universities to optimize the setting of disciplines and majors, enrollment plans, further improve the career education system of students, and guide students to better adapt to future career choices and related requirements.
Mobilize more forces to support the employment and entrepreneurship of graduates
How to mobilize more social forces to participate in supporting the employment and entrepreneurship of college graduates?
In Chen Wei's view, it is first necessary to establish a scientific, fair and transparent employment evaluation system. "Employment involves **, schools, teachers, students, society, etc., and it is necessary to build a comprehensive employment evaluation system with the participation of multiple subjects and in line with China's national conditions, and break the single evaluation orientation of 'employment rate only'. Chen Wei said.
Starting from the evaluation system, it extends to another important port of college students' employment - enterprises. As the main channel for attracting college graduates, what role should enterprises play in the employment of college graduates?
The performance of some enterprises in the job market also made the representatives reflect on how to speed up the solution to the problem of "two skins" of internship and employment for college graduates, and whether enterprises can be encouraged to provide internship training and employment positions for graduates by giving policy support such as tax incentives and subsidies.
Ding Jianning believes that enterprises should be encouraged to actively participate in the construction of internship bases and talent workstations in colleges and universities, improve the collaborative education mechanism of "linkage training, school-enterprise integration, and resource sharing", and improve the quality of talent training.
It is the responsibility of colleges and universities to help students establish a correct outlook on career choice and employment, and to achieve phased and diversified employment. "Colleges and universities should take employment and education as an important part of the 'three comprehensive education', and continuously strengthen employment guidance and career planning. Zhao Xiangmo, deputy to the National People's Congress and president of Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, said.
Policy Initiatives
In April 2023, the General Office of ** issued the "Notice on Optimizing and Adjusting Policies and Measures to Stabilize Employment and Make Every Effort to Promote Development and Benefit People's Livelihood" to guide and encourage more college graduates of the class of 2023 to go to the grassroots level for employment.
In November 2023, the Ministry of Education will deploy a series of activities for the 2024 college graduates to carry out the autumn campus recruitment month.
In December 2023, the Ministry of Education issued the "Notice on Doing a Good Job in the Employment and Entrepreneurship of 2024 National Ordinary College Graduates", and decided to implement the "2024 National Employment and Entrepreneurship Promotion Action for Ordinary College Graduates" to further improve the employment and entrepreneurship service system for college graduates and make every effort to promote high-quality and full employment of college graduates.
In December 2023, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security jointly deployed the employment and entrepreneurship of the 2024 national college graduates.
China Education Daily, 2024-03-07, 5th edition
Author: Reporter Dong Lu Wanlong Yang Wenyi.