"Most children are born in rural areas because there is no electricity and they rest ......early”
Ma Yinchu, the first person to advocate China's national policy "family planning", proposed to control population growth and promote economic developmentIt has made great contributions to China's construction.
However,is such a person who strives for "family planning", but he has a wife, a concubine, and 7 children.
Therefore, when hearing his above passage,Even *** joked: "According to Ma Yinchu, do the 7 children in your family also go to bed early because of no electricity?" ”
So what did this scholar, who dared to speak out the theory that the population needed to be controlled in the old society, when the idea of patriarchal inheritance was rampant, but he had a wife and concubine and gave birth to seven children, what did he think?
China has always had the idea of passing on the ancestryThe older generation pays attention to "there are three unfilial pieties, and no queen is the greatest", and if you want to have descendants to inherit, if you want the family to spread out, and if you want the family to prosper and the family to prosper, you must have a boy.
Even after the founding of the People's Republic of China, this feudal ideology has not changed muchMany families give birth to ten or eight children just because they don't give birth to a boy.
Families without boys are called "out of the house", girls are not valued, and at the same time, the family is also under great pressure because there are too many childrenEven so, people are still having children.
It is in this environment thatAs an economist, Ma Yinchu wrote "New Population Theory", which directly attacked the negative impact of excessive population growth on the country's science and technology, economic accumulation, cultural level, production and labor, and industrial development.
The reason why Ma Yinchu published this book was the first census of Chinese mainland in 1953At that time, Ma Yinchu was an international student at Columbia University, and his major caused him to notice that the census data at that time were not quite right.
The data says that the population growth rate of the mainland is 2%, and the data** is a random inspection of some areas.
Ma Yinchu felt that such a spot check was not realBecause China's national conditions and social forms are urban and rural, the population growth is completely different, and the data gap is large.
MoreoverEven the level of medical care is completely different, resulting in birth and mortality data that vary greatly from region to regionThere is no generalization at all.
In order to prove his point, Ma Yinchu began his own investigation, and he spent three years traveling to various places to conduct research and statistics, but the result shocked and frightened him.
In his statistics,Chinese mainland's population growth rate has reached 22 percent, or even 3 percent in some places, means that China's population will grow from 600 million to 2.6 billion in another 50 years.
As an economist, he has a deep understanding of what this data representsIt represents a serious shortage of medical resources and educational resources, and at the same time, it has a negative impact on the development of science, industry, technology, and so on.
On top of that, there is the possibility of endless poverty and backwardness due to lack of resources.
So, he wrote "The New Population Theory" in an attempt to make everyone understand that population control was imminent.
However, his forward-looking views and statements were not accepted by the public at that time, and even he and his life were criticized by everyone.
Except because he tried to break under Chinese feudal societyThe idea of inheriting the family lineage and having many sons and blessings is because he himself is a person who has seven children, one wife and one concubine.
Many people think that his remarks are that he doesn't have a backache when he stands and talks, his wife and concubine are in his arms, and his family is huge, so he is not ashamed to say that he will not let others have children?
So, why did Ma Yinchu, who thought that he wanted to control population growth, marry a wife and a concubine? Is he really that sanctimonious?
Ma Yinchu was born in an era of alternating old and new ideas, and it happened that his family was also very wealthy, and he always wanted to study abroad under the influence of new ideas, but at the same time he also had feudal parents and relatives.
In 1901, when Ma Yinchu was sharpening his head and trying to find a way to go abroad, his parents began to plan for Ma Yinchu to marry and inherit the family lineage.
When they told Ma Yinchu that his family had arranged a wife for him, Ma Yinchu was very resistant and opposed, he just wanted to go abroad as soon as possible, and he was not interested in his parents' arranged marriage at all.
But his resistance did not shake his parents, but in that era when filial piety was greater than heaven, his father suppressed him with only one sentence "Disobedience to the elders is a great unfilial piety".
Ma Yinchu no longer made a lot of noise and made it clear, but only dared to deal with it indifferently.
And Ma Yinchu's parents love him very muchSeeing that he was so reluctant, he took a step back and said that as long as he was willing to get married, he would let him study abroad.
Finally,Ma Yinchu, under the pressure of his parents' lobbying and filial piety, decided to follow his parents' arrangement and marry Zhang Tuanmei, a township girl that his parents fancied.
Zhang Tuanmei was favored by Ma Yinchu's parents, mainly because Zhang Tuanmei was the most typical female image of that era.
Illiterate, but virtuous and virtuous, full of filial piety, considerate of her husband, the most important thing is to give birth to a son to her husband, and continue the incense.
Although Ma Yinchu didn't care about these,But in the face of the gentle and kind Zhang Tuanmei, he slowly moved his heart, and the husband and wife soon lived a happy life like glue.
Film and television stills. He even had his first child soon and became a man in one fell swoop.
Zhang Tuanmei is very happyIt's just that this happiness didn't last long, because the child died not long after.
Zhang Tuanmei was so sad that she couldn't accept it, although Ma Yinchu was also very sadBut seeing that his wife was so sad, Ma Yinchu still persuaded his wife, saying that he didn't care if he had children, let alone whether he was a boy.
In Ma Yin's heart, as long as it was born to Zhang Tuanmei, he liked both men and women. But Zhang Tuanmei didn't think soIn her concept, her mission in the Ma family is to give birth to a son, and if she can't give birth to a son, she is a sinner.
And soShe began to seek medical advice, took all kinds of home remedies, and almost wanted to say "I must give birth to a son for the young master".
But the heavens did not fulfill people's wishes, Zhang Tuanmei finally gave birth to three daughters in a row, and after a few years of age, she no longer had the ability to have children.
Film and television stills. This is a huge blow to Zhang TuanmeiIn her heart, the Ma family is going to be "dead" because of her, and she is sorry for her ancestors and ancestors when she dies.
So she had an idea that seemed crazy in the current society, to take a concubine for her husband.
Film and television stills. When Ma Yin first heard that his wife was going to take a concubine for him, he was very opposedHe really doesn't care if he has a son or not, for him, husband and wife are harmonious, daughters and sons are the same.
ButHis wife, Zhang Tuanmei, was deeply poisoned by feudal ideology, and could even be described as terminally ill, and she just wanted to find a young girl who could give birth to a child to give Ma Yin's first son.
Seeing that Ma Yinchu opposed Zhang Tuanmei and did not give up, she couldn't disobey Ma Yinchu and went to discuss with her mother-in-lawUnder her persuasion, Ma Yinchu's mother soon joined the ranks in favor of concubinage.
Film and television stills. In the end,It turned out that the whole family was begging Ma Yin to take a concubine.
Finally, at the insistence of his family, Ma Yinchu agreed to enter the concubine room chosen by his wife.
And this concubine has also become another reason why Ma Yin was scolded when he first proposed "New Population Theory" in the futureOr it can be said to be one of the most controversial "stains" in Ma Yinchu's life.
Because this concubine is no one elseIt was Ma Yinchu's daughter's classmate, Wang Zhongzhen, who was only 13 years old when she married Ma Yinchu as a concubine.
Film and television stills. After Wang Zhongzhen entered the doorlived up to expectations and gave birth to two sons to Ma Yinchu, successfully completed Zhang Tuanmei's task, and gave birth to two daughters one after another within a few years.
Counting Zhang Tuanmei's three daughters, Ma Yinchu already has seven children.
With such a large family and many children, Ma Yinchu's theory of reducing population growth naturally lacks credibility and is naturally difficult to convince the public.
And among those who oppose him are not only ordinary people,Even many high-ranking officials disagreed.
Film and television stills. Under the social conditions at that time, it was destined that only boys could inherit the family property and business, and girls would marry into someone else's family.
Family planning is equivalent to making families without boys "cut off their children and grandchildren", which is acceptable in the old society?
So Ma Yin became a street rat that everyone shouted and beatsBut Ma Yinchu didn't care, and even became more and more frustrated, and he even said provocative words like "I like to be splashed with cold water the most".
Until the 80-year-old Ma Yinchu, he still fought calmly in the face of verbal and written criticism from those who opposed family planningHe said that he knew that he was outnumbered, but he still had to go to the meeting alone until he died in battle.
He said so and did so, and in 1972, Ma Yinchu was diagnosed with rectal cancer and died in 1982.
It was also in December of that year that family planning, which he had in mind, was written into the constitution and set as a basic national policy.
Subsequently, because of this measure, the pressure on the family was reduced, the society developed rapidly, the educational resources were sufficient, the medical environment was improved, China developed a moderately prosperous society, and the wind of reform and opening up was blown to the vast land.
Looking at India today, it is conceivable that Ma Yinchu's thinking is a forward-looking and correct thinkingWithout the family planning policy, China would be as densely populated as India is today.
And with that comes the wordsEducational resources are low, medical resources are scarce, people's quality is low, and social stability is poor, which are the consequences of overpopulation.
Compared to before, only boys in each family could afford to go to school, or only one or two children in a family could go to schoolIn today's society, almost everyone has access to school, and the quality of the whole people has improved, even if there are still a few poor mountainous areas, but they are still a very small part.
this policyIt can be said that it has fundamentally changed the course and conditions of social development and made important contributions to promoting a modern socialist society.
Ma Yinchu, a person who lived in the old society and was surrounded by feudal ideas, broke the comfort zone of being a man in that era and dared to challenge the environment, which required great courage.
His marriage to a concubine was a compromise with his old social ideas, but he did not give up what he believed to be true, and we really enjoyed the benefits that his theory brought to society.