Historically, the KMT and the CCP have cooperated twice. When did the two collaborations take place? What is its significance?
The first time the KMT and the CCP cooperated was between January 1924 and July 1927. In June 1923, the three major decisions of the Communist Party of China decided that all party members should join the Kuomintang in their individual capacities, while maintaining the ideological and political independence of the Communist Party.
In January 1924, the Kuomintang held its first national congress in Guangzhou, marking the formal establishment of the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation. The establishment of the first KMT-CPC cooperation opened up a new situation in the Chinese revolution and set off the climax of the Great Revolution of 1925-1927.
The Great Chinese Revolution was a people's revolutionary movement with the masses of workers and peasants as the main body, which dealt a heavy blow to the imperialist forces in China, basically overthrew the reactionary rule of the Beiyang warlords, promoted the awakening of the broad masses of the Chinese people, and promoted the progress of Chinese society.
On April 12, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek launched a counter-revolutionary coup d'état in Shanghai, and on July 15, Wang Jingwei "split the Communist Party" in Wuhan. At this point, the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation broke down completely, and the First Great Revolution failed.
The second time the KMT-CCP cooperation was between September 1937 and January 1946.
In December 1936, the Xi'an Incident broke out, and two patriotic generals, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, resolutely launched a "military admonition", forcing Chiang Kai-shek Nanjing to give up the policy of "settling the country before settling the inside". The CCP sent the first party to wait in Xi'an to mediate and reached an agreement on the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an incident.
On July 7, 1937, the Lugou Bridge Incident broke out, and the CCP once again called on the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to cooperate closely to resist the Japanese invaders. The occurrence of these two major incidents has promoted and accelerated the pace of cooperation between the KMT and the CPC.
On September 23, 1937, after seven months of five negotiations between the representatives of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the Kuomintang issued the "Speech on the Manifesto of the Communist Party of China", openly recognizing the legal status of the Communist Party, and the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was formally formed, which also opened the prelude to the national war of resistance against Japanese aggression.
From June 1940 to January 1946, the CCP and the Kuomintang held many negotiations on the division of combat areas and the establishment of a joint **. In November 1946, the Kuomintang brazenly convened a pseudo "National Convention" in Nanjing, and finally closed the door to negotiations, and the CCP delegation was forced to withdraw to Yan'an, and the second KMT-CCP cooperation broke down.
The second KMT-CPC cooperation was a difficult process full of twists and turns, because the two sides had big differences, although there were many negotiations, and the CCP also made great concessions and compromises, but failed to reach an agreement on the organizational form and unified political program, the CCP resolutely maintained its own independent leadership of the army and political power, and political consultation with the KMT was the main mode of cooperation, for the sake of the national interests and the destiny of the country, maintained the cooperation of the eight-year process, and greatly promoted the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan.
In short, the two historical collaborations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, from 1924 to 1927 and from 1937 to 1946, jointly promoted the victory of the Chinese Revolution and the War of Resistance Against Japan. The first cooperation opened up a new situation in the Chinese revolution, and the second cooperation was carried out in the midst of difficulties and differences. For the sake of the national interests and the destiny of the country, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has maintained cooperation for eight years, which has greatly contributed to the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.