In 1634, Emperor Taizong Taiji learned that Chahar Lin Dan Khan died of illness on the Qinghai steppe, and the hundreds of thousands of soldiers and horses left by Lin Da Khan fell apart.
Huang Taiji urgently summoned the advisor Fan Wencheng to discuss countermeasures with him:How can we appease the leaderless Chahar officials and people to Houjin? There is actually a reason why Huang Taiji thinks so:
Huang Taiji and Fan Wencheng.
Lin Dan Khan's wife, Ezhe's biological mother, the Empress Dowager Sutai, is the granddaughter of Huang Taiji's uncle Yehebe Beile Jintaiji, so Huang Taiji and the Empress Dowager Sutai are still related by blood.
Fan Wencheng made a specific analysis of Chahar's situation and gave Huang Taiji a nine-word strategy:"Fight with the Ming Dynasty for the Chahar Department".
In February of the following year, Huang Taiji asked his younger brother Dolgon, eldest son Haoge and others to go to Qinghai together, accompanied by the uncle and younger brother of the Empress Dowager Sutai, intending to use family affection to influence on the basis of deterrenceEmpress Dowager Sutaiwith the heirs of Lindan KhanEzhe, hoping that they will be able to return to Houjin.
Dolgon and the others first went to Xilajur, where the Empress Dowager Nangsang (Lin Dan Khan's Great Fujin) lived, and recruited the Empress Dowager Nangnan, and then went to Tolitu, where the Empress Dowager Sutai lived, and the Empress Dowager Sutai also agreed to surrender to Houjin.
On September 5, Huang Taiji led all the Fujin, Baylor, and the ministers of civil and military affairs out of the city for ten miles to greet Dolgon and others who had returned triumphantly. And set up camp here to feast on the Empress Dowager Sutai, Ezhe and the Empress Dowager, Huang Taiji directly married his second princess to Ezhe, and canonized Ezhe as Gulun Eyu.
In this way, the Empress Dowager Sutai and Huang Taiji are not only related by blood, but also become in-laws. In order to show her sincerity, the Empress Dowager Su Tai gave Huang Taiji a big gift - it is a strange treasure that has been missing for more than 200 years, and the "treasure of the imperial system" passed down to the country by successive kings
The Treasure of the Order. The symbol of the "Mandate of Heaven" is the only thing that can be considered the king of the Mandate of Heaven, and the kings of all dynasties have fought over it. Everyone was stunned for a while, and Huang Taiji took this thing, knelt on the ground, and said in a voice that was almost trembling
“'The treasure of the system', the jade seal of the country, the history of the king of the sky. Today, the sky is full of this jade seal, and it is not accidental! ”After Huang Taiji finished speaking, tens of thousands of subjects on the south side of the Yangshimu River shouted excitedly.
In April of the following year, Huang Taiji officially proclaimed himself emperor and changed "Houjin" to "Qing Dynasty".
Of course not! If the conditions are not ripe, even if Huang Taiji has the "treasure of the system" in his hands, it will not help! For Huang Taiji, the "treasure of the system" is just the "icing on the cake" for the emperor.
The origin of the treasure of the system
After the banquet, Huang Taiji returned to Zhezhe's dormitory, Qingning Palace, and sat alone on the Nankang, looking at the tightly wrapped treasure of the edict, and his heart could not suppress the excitement and excitement.
He reflected on his achievements in the nine years since he succeeded to the throne:
North Korea, which originally paid tribute to the Ming Dynasty, no longer called the Ming Dynasty a brother;
The Ming Dynasty's defense line in Liaodong also collapsed, and the Ming Dynasty generals Xiong Tingbi, Yuan Chonghuan and others also became their own defeated generals; In particular, Yuan Chonghuan once caused his father to flee in the wilderness, and it was a great joy to use the discord scheme to get rid of Yuan Chonghuan;
Most of the Mongolian tribes also submitted to the Later Jin, such as the Khalkha Division, the Korqin Division, the Ao Han Division, and even the Chahar Division, which has always been dominant, also submitted to the Later Jin, as long as Huang Taiji gave an order, they could fight against the Ming Dynasty together;
When Huang Taiji first inherited the throne of Khan, he was suffering from internal and external troubles, and the situation was very embarrassing, but at present, there is only one enemy of Houjin: that is the Ming Dynasty. Now that Huang Taiji has obtained the "treasure of the system", he thinks that it is the will of God, and he is the "destiny of heaven".
Huang Taiji didn't feel tired at all, but was thinking: Is it really going to enter the capital?
Of course, although the Ming Dynasty should be weak, but after all, it is huge, and the emaciated camel is bigger than the horse, and it is impossible to destroy the Ming Dynasty overnight.
If the Ming Dynasty is destroyed, how should it govern a large country?
If Houjin wants to gain a foothold in the Central Plains, what should he do?
These questions swirled in Huang Taiji's mind, and he didn't feel sleepy at all, forgetting that it was already the middle of the night, so he asked Fan Wencheng and Sonny to summon him.
Fan Wencheng, as Huang Taiji's most trusted adviser, also participated in the banquet during the day, and he could see clearly that Huang Taiji was excited when he received the treasure of the Imperial Decree, and his voice trembled when he worshipped the sky. The treasure of its own system indicates that "the destiny of heaven returns", and it is also a symbol of the change of dynasties for thousands of years, which is in line with the hearts of the people.
In history, the kings of all dynasties are not to fight for the treasure of the emperor, Huang Taiji has the ambition to be the emperor, of course, there is also the talent to be the emperor, if the emperor wants to be the emperor, it is indeed necessary to call the treasure of the system to call the world.
On the way back to Shenyang, Fan Wencheng heard Huang Taiji's nephew Yue Tuo say: In the first half of this year, there were several large-scale peasant uprisings in the Central Plains, such as Fengyang, Qingyang, Henan, Shaanxi, and other places.
Fan Wencheng was very excited after hearing this, so he hurriedly asked Yue Tuo the name of the leader of the peasant uprising, and Yue Tuo gave Fan Wencheng a few names: Li Zicheng, Zhang Xianzhong, Gao Yingxiang and several others. Yue Tuo actually didn't care much about these peasant uprisings, and it wasn't very clear to what extent, maybe in Yue Tuo's eyes, these were inconsequential things to Hou Jin, but here is the best information in the advisor Fan Wencheng.
Fan Wencheng didn't feel sleepy at all after returning home, and his mind kept thinking of the "treasure of the system" and "the peasant uprising in the Central Plains", and he suddenly realized that this might be a good opportunity for Huang Taiji to take advantage of this opportunity to do a good job.
Before he had time to sort out his thoughts, Sony shouted to Fan Wencheng and asked Fan Wencheng to enter the palace to see Huang Taiji together.
Huang Taiji asked Fan Wencheng to take out the treasure engraved with the flying dragon in the gold box, Huang Taiji was very excited, so he chatted with Fan Wencheng about the origin of the treasure of the book
The treasure of the system is what people often say about the jade seal of the country! The Empress Dowager Sutai told me that this treasure was originally hidden in the inner court of the capital of the Yuan Dynasty. It was only in the twenty-eighth year of Zhizheng that this treasure was lost. Therefore, the Ming Dynasty was originally the imperial court that did not pass on the jade seal, so the Ming Dynasty declined, a shepherd in Yingchang Mansion, when grazing on the Beishan Gang, saw that his sheep did not eat for three days, but kept plowing the ground with hooves, the shepherd felt very curious and cut open this place, and found the treasure of the system. dedicated the treasure of the edict to the descendant of the Yuan Dynasty, Boshoketu Khan, who was entrenched in Monan for many years because of this treasure of the edict; Later, Chahar Lindan Khan rose up and defeated Boshoktu Khan, and the treasure of the edict came into the hands of Lindan Khan. Lin Dan Khan made himself a descendant of Genghis Khan because he obtained the treasure of the imperial decree and ruled the whole of Mongolia for twenty years.
Lin Dan Khan. Fan Wencheng's "eight-character" strategy
When Huang Taiji was talking about the treasure of the system, Fan Wencheng basically sorted out his thoughts: Isn't Huang Taiji wearing a crown more appealing?
During the conversation between the two, Fan Wencheng mentioned eight words to Huang Taiji:Invading, waiting, building, buildingWhat do these eight words mean?
Infestation: The appearance of the treasure of the Imperial Decree indicates that the Ming Dynasty will definitely fall, and the Later Jin Dynasty will replace the Ming Dynasty. Although the Ming Dynasty was huge, it was just a big tree whose heart had been hollowed out and whose roots had decayed. If Houjin can continue to harass the Ming Dynasty, cut off the branches of the Ming Dynasty and destroy the bark, the tree will definitely fall. Within 10 years, it will be effective.
Wait:Now the Mongolian Chahar Department has been submitted, not only to the Great Khan, but also to the Great Khan you have brought some information in the Central Plains. I learned from Yue Tuo's mouth today that peasant uprisings are frequent in the Central Plains, Henan, Qingyang, Fengyang and other places are not stable, Fengyang is the hometown of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and there has been a peasant army in Fengyang, indicating that the number of Ming Qi has been exhausted. The Ming court will inevitably send heavy troops to suppress it, what we have to do is to wait for the opportunity, and when they lose both sides of the fight, we can sit back and reap the profits and enter the Central Plains in one fell swoop.
Build number:Now that the Great Khan has obtained the treasure of the Imperial Decree, the establishment of the number has become a measure to conform to the trend of the world.
In the past, the Great Khan was called "Khan", which was the title of the Mongols. Now whether it is Mongolia, Jurchen or Korea, they have all returned to the Later Jin, and there are still many Hanchen and Han people who have returned to the Later Jin, and then the Great Khan will enter the Central Plains. If you continue to call him the Great Khan, it is indeed not right. The kings of all dynasties have been called "emperors", and you must know that "emperors" are higher than the Mongolian khans.
Now, in order to encourage the soldiers, and also to tell the world, the Great Khan, you are the legitimate heir of the emperors of the Chinese dynasties. Therefore, it is necessary to "correct the name" and build the number.
Establishment:If the Great Khan is to be called emperor, it is necessary to establish a system corresponding to the power of the emperor according to the kings of the previous dynasties.
When Huang Taiji heard Fan Wencheng's words, he shook his hand very excitedly, and handed over the "eight-character" strategy to Mr. to solve.
In December of this year, after all the Baylors discussed together, the Confucian ministers of the Ordered Literature Pavilion Xifu and others asked for the title of Emperor Taiji on their behalf; But it was rejected by Huang Taiji, and the ministers of civil and military affairs and Baylor played many times, but Huang Taiji still refused.
It's not that Huang Taiji doesn't want to be on the throne, but he is worried about whether you Baylor really wants to put himself on the throne, after all, supporting him with the title of Emperor Taiji is to a higher level. Huang Taiji also convened the Hanchen to discuss the matter of the honorific title, and the Hanchen also persuaded "this is a matter of the destiny of heaven", and Huang Taiji agreed.
On December 28th, all of you Baylor shared their oath to support Huang Taiji as emperor, and all of these Baylors who swore were heavily armed, either Huang Taiji's sons or Huang Taiji's younger brothers. It happened that the Baylors of the outer domains rushed to Shengjing together and asked for the title of Emperor Taiji together.
On March 22 of the following year, a total of 49 Baylors from various Mongolian tribes gathered in Shenyang to meet Huang Taiji and ask Huang Taiji to be honored; Only a few days later, Geng Zhongming, Kong Youde and other Han Chen, who had surrendered to the Later Jin, all asked for the title of Emperor Taiji.
Huang Taiji "conformed to the will of heaven" and began to officially proclaim himself emperor in April, establishing the Qing Dynasty, with the honorific title of "Emperor Kuanwen Rensheng".
"The ministers of Erzhubel and others, in order to be honored for two years, have been persuaded to advance in two years, and then to the third. Since I have been honored, I should be more careful, worry about the country and the people, and if I can't catch something, but God will help me. ”Indeed, if we look at it this way, Huang Taiji is because he has obtained the treasure of the system and "conforms to the will of heaven", so he agreed to be the emperor under the support of the ministers of civil and military affairs and Baylor.
But in reality?
It is precisely because of the efforts made by Huang Taiji during his 9 years on the throne that he has met the conditions for becoming emperor; Rather than the appearance of the treasure of the system, the treasure of the system is just a justifiable reason for Huang Taiji to be called the emperor.
What is the capital of the emperor Taiji
Those who know the history of the Qing Dynasty know that when Huang Taiji first ascended the throne of Khan, the four of them sat facing south together with Shuobeile, but they still followed the way of Taizu Nurhachi's "Eight Kings Discussing Politics", so it can be said that although Huang Taiji ascended to the throne, the power of Khan was not concentrated.
Huang Taiji is ambitious and ambitious, so he is naturally unwilling to share the power of sweat with others. From the first year of his ascension to the throne, he tried every means to strengthen the power of the Khan, the first goal was to get rid of the ambitious Amin, and the second was Mang Gurtai.
Among the four Heshuo Baylor, only Dai Shan, Dai Shan was a smart man, knowing that if he insisted on being on an equal footing with Huang Taiji, he would definitely not end well, so he offered to remove his seat, so as to save his life and the glory and wealth of future generations.
After strengthening the power of Khan, Huang Taiji can start his hegemony boldly with confidence.
In 1630, Huang Taiji invaded the city of Beijing and won a victory, and not long after, Yuan Chonghuan, the governor of Ming Jiliao, was executed by Ling Chi. Huang Taiji took advantage of the trend in favor of the Later Jin to launch the Battle of the Great Ling River the following year, which lasted for more than four months, and the Later Jin can be said to be fruitful:
All Ming officers and soldiers in the Battle of Daling River surrendered.
Sun Chengzong, the secretary of the Ming Army, resigned and returned to his hometown after being severely reprimanded by Emperor Chongzhen.
The governor of Liaodong in the Ming Dynasty was dismissed.
The Ming generals Kong Youde and Geng Zhongming planned to surrender to Houjin, but the process was relatively bumpy, and it was not until 1633 that they successfully landed from Zhenjiang and successfully surrendered to Huang Taiji. Huang Taiji attached great importance to Kong Youde and Geng Zhongming, because they not only surrendered themselves, but also led a large number of troops, especially ships and supplies.
What Houjin lacked the most was a navy, and Kong Youde and Geng Zhongming just brought Huang Taiji what he needed most. It can be said that the submission of Geng Kong and the others has an immeasurable influence on Houjin.
Huang Taiji personally greeted Kong Youde and Geng Zhongming, and met the two with the most solemn Manchu etiquette - hugging ceremony.
Taizong not only rewarded Kong Geng and the others with reckless robes and mink furs, but also specially retained their original official position in the Ming Dynasty - Marshal Du. This is something that Kong Geng and the others did not expect.
Later, another person who had a great influence on Houjin surrendered, which was Shang Kexi.
These three people became the "three feudatories" in the post-Jin period, and as long as the "three feudatories" are mentioned, we all know that they include Wu Sangui. But in fact, the earliest "three feudatories" did not include Wu Sangui, but Kong Youde, Geng Zhongming and Shang Kexi, and Wu Sangui became the "four feudatories" after his surrender; Only when Kong Youde died on the battlefield during the Shunzhi period, he became the three feudal domains we are familiar with: Wu Sangui, Geng Jingzhong (Geng Zhongming's son), and Shang Kexi.
In 1634, Huang Taiji learned that Chahar Lindan Khan had died of illness on the steppes of Qinghai, so he discussed with his adviser Fan Wencheng how to subdue the leaderless officials and people of the Chahar Department; And the result did make Huang Taiji very dissatisfied, and the Empress Dowager Su Tai and the Empress Dowager Nang led all their subordinates to submit to Houjin.
Not only that, but he also brought a big gift to Huang Taiji, which is the treasure of the system.
At this time, the Later Jin not only unified the entire Jurchen tribe, but even North Korea, which was previously dependent on the Ming Dynasty, was also attached to the Later Jin at this time; Not only that, the Mongol tribes, including the strongest Chahar department, also surrendered to the Later Jin, and what was even more beneficial to the Later Jin was that the peasant uprisings in the Central Plains were frequent, and the Ming Dynasty would inevitably divide troops to suppress the peasant army.
As Fan Wencheng said, Houjin can completely reap the profits and enter the Central Plains in one fell swoop.
Why was "Houjin" changed to "Daqing"?
In fact, when Taizu Nurhachi established his regime, he used the name of the Jin State, which was opposed to the Song Dynasty, called "Dajin"; In order to distinguish it from gold, it is also called "post-gold". But strangely, several emperors in the early Qing Dynasty, especially Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong, did not want to admit that the Jianzhou Jurchens were once under the jurisdiction of the Ming Dynasty.
After that, the two Jurchen tribes called it "Manchuria".
Regarding the reason why Huang Taiji changed the country name to "Qing", there is no relevant record in the Qing Dynasty records, so the reason for changing "Houjin" to "Daqing" is only speculation by later generations, and some people say "Qing", Qingye!
Manchuria practiced shamanism, and "Qing" and "Jin" were just one note. Although the Chinese characters are written differently, the pronunciation is the same in Manchu.
In addition, the pronunciation of "Manchuria" and "Manshu" is similar, and the word "Manshu" comes from Buddhism, which was originally the name of a Buddha, meaning "the king of the Qing". In this way, Huang Taiji changed the name of the country to "Daqing", which means that it is very good.
The reason why Huang Taiji changed the name of the country was because after Taizu Nurhachi established the Later Jin, his brutal suppressive policy against the Han people caused the Han people to rebel; Hermes-Epitek was resistant to "Jin", and if he continued to refer to the country as "Jin", it would not be conducive to Huang Taiji's entry into the Central Plains.
In fact, Huang Taiji is the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty, he played a role in inheriting the past and opening up the future, and is the founder of the Qing Dynasty's real unification of the world.