The application of new ideas in the field of rural entrepreneurship can create new business formats, reduce homogeneous competition, and make the road to entrepreneurship more sustainable. New technologies can create new value, promote the continuous value-added of agricultural products, and continue to extend the industrial chain.
It is necessary to speed up the solution of the problems faced by the factors in the countryside, especially to improve the mechanism of linking the interests of farmers, so as to ensure that the villagers can share the benefits generated by the factors in the countryside in a long-term and stable manner.
Text |"Lookout" Newsweek reporter Zhou Nan.
In the Chengyang Bazhai Scenic Area of Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County, Liuzhou City, Guangxi, staff sing Dong songs to welcome tourists (photo taken on January 27, 2024) Photo by Huang Xiaobang This magazine.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the pace of urban-rural integration development in China has continued to accelerate, and the trend of talents, technology, capital, information, data and other elements going to the countryside has been continuously strengthened.
Factors going to the countryside are also facing the lag of infrastructure and institutional environment, especially in the benefit sharing mechanism of farmers, there is still room for improvement. Experts and cadres interviewed by the reporter of "Lookout" Newsweek suggested that a series of problems faced by factors in the countryside should be solved at a faster pace, especially to improve the mechanism for linking farmers' interests, promote various elements to become an important force in feeding back agriculture, and promote the integration and symbiosis of urban and rural elements to become a new engine for rural revitalization.
All kinds of elements are speeding up the countryside.
At the end of February, I walked into the pepper greenhouse located in Wenyi New Village, Zhangshu Town, Xiangyin County, Yueyang City, Hunan Province, and the tender green pepper seedlings grew gratifyingly. "Last week, the low temperature, rain and snow were very cold, and we thought of many ways to warm up the greenhouse, and more than 1 million pepper seedlings were not frozen. Gan Haibo, the person in charge of the pepper planting base, told reporters.
Don't look at these young seedlings, they are the "cash cow" of the local villagers. With the chili industry, Wenyi New Village will become the first national rural characteristic industry "100 million yuan village" in Yueyang City in 2021.
Zhangshugang pepper is well recognized by the market for its excellent taste. In the early years, due to the degradation of the species, coupled with the influence of foreign peppers and "cottage" varieties, the market for this variety, which has been inherited in the local area for hundreds of years, shrank, and some villagers gave up planting.
Behind the predicament of rural industries is the lack of capital, science and technology, and talent support. In this regard, Xiangyin County and Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University and other institutions have established a cooperation mechanism for production, education, research and application, and invited experts such as Zou Xue, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, to the village to guide and promote the purification and rejuvenation of Zhangshugang pepper seeds. Through hard work, the cold, disease and insect resistance of Zhangshugang pepper have been greatly improved.
Xiangyin County has also established an industrial park, introduced leading enterprises, attracted young talents to return to their hometowns to participate in the construction of the base, and established a smart agriculture development model. Yin Mingxi, who graduated from Hunan Agricultural University, returned to his hometown to join the pepper industry, planting more than 5 acres of peppers last year, with a gross income of more than 200,000 yuan. He told reporters: "Characteristic rural industrial resources combine the advantages of science and technology, talents, and capital, and have good development prospects. ”
At present, there are more than 10,000 people engaged in the pepper industry in Zhangshu Town, and the output value of the whole industry chain in 2023 will be about 500 million yuan.
The same trajectory occurred in Luowen Village, Wuzui Township, Nanxian County, Yiyang City, Hunan Province, in the hinterland of Dongting Lake, which was relatively backward in the past. Since 2015, the local area has explored the development of rural tourism, inviting painters, art groups, design companies, etc., to graffiti paintings of different styles on the exterior walls of most of the buildings in the village, and circulating concentrated land to create an artistic landscape of rape fields.
"Graffiti + Flower Sea" has turned traditional villages into famous tourist villages, with a maximum daily volume of 20,000 people during the National Day holiday in 2023. In recent years, the local government has also held graffiti art festivals, themed night markets, and introduced projects such as science and technology demonstration parks and ecological industrial parks, and villagers have achieved multi-layer income such as land transfer, night market work, and commercial income, among which the average monthly household income of operating farmers has exceeded 180,000 yuan. "The shortcomings of the elements have been filled, and Rowan Village can also usher in spring. Guo Lan, Secretary of the Party Working Committee of Nanxian Provincial Agricultural Science and Technology Park, said.
In the past, rural labor, agricultural raw materials, and capital have been continuously concentrated in cities, providing important support for China's urbanization and industrialization process. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of urban-rural integration, especially driven by the rural revitalization strategy, various business entities have invested in rural areas, and urban talents, technology, capital, information, data and other elements have flowed to rural areas in an orderly manner.
At the same time, all localities should explore and break down the institutional and institutional barriers that hinder the free flow and equal exchange of urban and rural elements, promote more flow of various elements to the countryside, and strive to create a virtuous circle of talent, land, capital, industry and information convergence in the countryside, so as to inject new momentum into rural revitalization.
All kinds of factors have accelerated their entry into the countryside, and the combination of urban advantageous resources and rural characteristic resources has improved the efficiency of factor utilization, providing a strong impetus for agricultural and rural development. Yang Yueqiu, deputy to the National People's Congress and chairman of the Huizhong Grain and Oil Professional Cooperative in Quyuan Management District, Yueyang City, said.
It is necessary to strengthen the effect of linking agriculture with agriculture.
In recent years, the formation of factors in the countryside has accelerated, injecting new momentum into agricultural and rural development. In the future, it is necessary to further build and improve the benefit-sharing mechanism between rural capital and villagers, and further strengthen the effect of rural elements linking agriculture with agriculture.
Further enhance the promotion and popularization of new ideas, new technologies and new applications. In recent years, more and more rural entrepreneurs have actively embraced new ideas, new technologies and new applications, relying on local characteristic agricultural and rural resources, developing high-quality characteristic agricultural products, and exploring pastoral scenery and local cultural resources. Ke Bingsheng, former president of China Agricultural University, said: "The application of new ideas to the field of rural entrepreneurship can create new business formats, reduce homogeneous competition, and make the road to entrepreneurship more sustainable."New technologies can create new value, promote the continuous value-added of agricultural products, and continue to extend the industrial chain. ”
However, compared with the promotion of modern information technologies such as big data, the Internet, and the Internet of Things, the support of rural infrastructure, especially talents, restricts the development and popularization of new business forms and models such as rural e-commerce, live streaming, and order agriculture.
Yang Yueqiu believes that the trend of population outflow in rural areas has existed for a long time, and a large number of young and middle-aged people have gone out to work or choose to settle in cities, resulting in a shortage of labor in rural areas, especially talents, and the groups dominated by the left-behind elderly have disadvantages in using modern new technologies, exploring new models, and creating new business formats, which has a certain impact on promoting agricultural modernization, developing rural industries, and enhancing the competitiveness of rural economy.
Further increase the construction of rural infrastructure, public service platforms, and institutional environment. In recent years, the level of agricultural infrastructure such as storage and preservation of agricultural products, cold chain logistics, high-standard farmland, rural sewage treatment, and the level of comprehensive public services have been significantly improved compared with previous years, but they are still relatively lagging behind, restricting the effect of factors in the countryside. For example, rural financial services are weak, financial infrastructure and new convenient payment and settlement tools are underdeveloped, financial credit service products are few and not abundant enough, and rural asset mortgage loans are difficult to land, resulting in financing difficulties for capital to go to the countryside, which is not conducive to attracting investment to the countryside.
According to the interviewed experts, a previous sample survey showed that more than 60% of rural enterprises believe that the biggest problem at present is the lack of construction land, and the bottleneck of land use approval needs to be solved70% of rural enterprises have the problem of shortage of funds;Nearly 80% of rural enterprises are facing the problem of insufficient technical talents, and the situation of "difficulty in land use", "difficulty in financing" and "difficulty in employment" is relatively prominent.
We will further improve the income distribution mechanism of factors going to the countryside and enhance the effect of linking agriculture with agriculture. A small number of social capital deviated from the development track of the "three rural" areas after going to the countryside, and a small number of business and production activities damaged the local ecological environment, and carried out "non-agricultural" and "non-grain" management and production.
Some villagers reported that after some elements went to the countryside, the villagers' economic income situation was not significantly improved, and the role of some industrial development in linking agriculture with agriculture was not strong, and individual projects had a negative impact on the normal agricultural production and operation activities of villagers. For example, in order to facilitate enterprises to carry out centralized and contiguous large-scale planting, some localities require villagers with planting needs to withdraw from planting or change to other fields for planting, resulting in contradictions. There are also industrial projects that have a simple land transfer relationship with the villagers, and the villagers have limited benefits from them.
Yang Yueqiu said: "The lack of full participation of farmers will make urban industrial elements encounter practical difficulties such as insufficient information when entering the countryside, which is not conducive to the sustainable integration of urban and rural industrial elements and the continuous increase of farmers' income." ”
Solve the problem of elements going to the countryside.
Promoting the injection of various urban elements into rural development is an inevitable choice to achieve high-quality and efficient agriculture, livable and workable villages, and prosperous farmers. In view of the current challenges faced by the elements in the countryside, the interviewed scholars and cadres believe that it is necessary to speed up the solution of the problems faced by the factors in the countryside, especially to improve the mechanism of linking the interests of farmers, so as to ensure that the villagers can share the benefits generated by the factors in the countryside in a long-term and stable manner.
Do a good job in guiding and encouraging elements to go to the countryside. Chen Wensheng, dean of the China Rural Revitalization Research Institute of Hunan Normal University, suggested that all localities need to create a good environment, respect the profit demands of social capital, and use visible development prospects, feasible business models, and long-term stable and reasonable returns to attract various factors to the countryside and retain them for a long time. On this basis, we should guide social capital to run more industries with long chains, high participation of farmers, wide range of benefits, and the ability to link agriculture with farmers. We should guide capital to enter modern planting and breeding industries and service industries, such as the processing, storage, transportation and marketing of agricultural products, agricultural socialized services, improved seed breeding, and high-standard facility agriculture, so as to realize a rational division of labor between capital and farmers in the production chain.
The interviewed experts believe that we should start from the first level to guide social capital to go to the countryside in an orderly manner, such as timely releasing the typical experience and failure lessons of social capital participating in rural revitalization; For example, we should formulate specific guidance on supporting social capital to go to the countryside to participate in rural revitalization, and list a series of support policies and preconditions that social capital can enjoy, so that business entities can form clear expectations.
Establish and improve a long-term mechanism for villagers to share the benefits generated by the elements of going to the countryside. Zhu Qizhen, honorary director of the Institute of Peasant Issues of China Agricultural University, believes that when capital goes to the countryside, it is necessary to respect the laws of agriculture, especially to properly handle the relationship between peasants and land, improve the mechanism for linking peasants' interests, and not crowd out the space for peasants to increase their incomes.
A number of experts suggested that it is necessary to explore and promote the equal access to the market, the same rights and the same price as state-owned land for rural collective management construction land, and establish a distribution mechanism for land value-added income that is tilted towards farmers, so as to effectively ensure that farmers can fairly share the land value-added income. At the same time, villagers should also be encouraged to use land, capital and fixed assets to participate in the operation and construction of shareholding projects, so as to obtain stable labor remuneration income and dividends.
Construct and improve the access mechanism and process supervision mechanism for key elements to go to the countryside, and effectively protect the interests of farmers. A number of experts suggested that the qualification review, business project review and credit review of investment enterprises in the countryside should be strengthened, and reasonable guidance should be given to the investment fields of capital in the countryside. The interviewed experts believe that it is necessary to establish a system for the access and supervision of capital to the countryside, strictly implement land use control, strengthen financial innovation in rural areas, guide financial institutions to grasp the correct direction of credit investment, and give appropriate preferential treatment to "rural" capital through optimizing services, speeding up approvals, and giving appropriate preferential treatment to "rural capital" in terms of taxation.
The interviewed experts believe that on the basis of the access gate, the project operation process can be regularly and dynamically tracked and supervised, the land use, contract performance, etc., the establishment of risk prevention and early warning mechanism, the strengthening of the management of circulation rent, the establishment of rent prepayment system, all localities can according to the actual situation, the circulation area is larger, the operation risk of the project is higher, and effectively protect the economic benefits of farmers' contracting rights.
Strengthen the basic support services for the operation of the project, and improve the rural institutional environment. Chen Wensheng and other experts suggested that the level of rural hardware infrastructure that matches modern industries should be further improved, and the construction of public infrastructure and industrial infrastructure such as transportation, roads, and hydropower should be continuously strengthened to attract urban elements to the countryside. It is also necessary to provide a better platform and environment for all elements to actively integrate into rural development, and build an efficient and convenient service platform for rural capital, such as establishing and improving the land circulation platform, standardizing land circulation procedures, forming an open, transparent and fair land circulation market, and making clear provisions on the use of circulating land, risk protection, mortgage guarantee and recirculation, and liability for breach of contract, and continue to improve the capital entry and exit mechanism, establish a dispute mediation system, and guide capital, farmers, and ** Resolve the contradictions in the circulation of land resources in accordance with laws and regulations.
Outlook, No. 10, 2024).