This article is from "Nankai Sun Pharmacist", which is used for medical science popularization for reference. Add**, es**, lorazepam and diazepam belong to benzodiazepine-sedative-hypnotic drugs, which are central nervous system inhibitors that can cause depression in different parts of the central nervous system. With increasing doses, clinical manifestations can range from mild sedation to hypnosis and even coma. These drugs have the same mechanism of action, mainly by enhancing or facilitating the action of aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory neurotransmitters, GABA interacts with benzodiazepine receptors, plays a presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibitory effect in all parts of the central nervous system, has strong anxiolytic, sedative-hypnotic, anticonvulsant, antiepileptic effects, and weak central skeletal muscle relaxation effects, and may also cause temporary memory loss.
The anxiolytic and sedative-hypnotic effects of apu ** are 10-35 times that of diazepam, and its metabolites still have certain pharmacological activity, which can be used for anxiety or short-term relief of anxiety symptoms, and can be used as a combination of drugs for patients with anxiety and depression, but it is not beneficial to the tension and anxiety caused by stress and stress in daily life. Apu ** also has anti-panic effect, can be used for phobic diseases, finally, Apu ** has a fast onset of action, long action time, can be used for sedative hypnosis, can shorten the sleep onset latency, prolong sleep time, reduce the number of awakenings, improve sleep quality, has no obvious effect on REM sleep time, especially suitable for insomnia patients with sleep maintenance disorders.
The hypnotic effect of ace** is mild, stronger than nitrazepam25-4 times, mainly used for insomnia, suitable for patients who have difficulty falling asleep, waking up more at night or waking up early, is the first choice of sedative-hypnotic drugs for difficulty falling asleep. In addition, Ace** is also suitable for anxiety, nervousness and fear, and can significantly improve related symptoms when taken in small doses, and can also be used for anti-epilepsy and anti-convulsants. Finally, ES** can also be used for pre-anesthetic administration, and oral ES** before anesthesia can relieve preoperative tension and anxiety.
Lorazepam is used for anxiolytic, anxiety disorders, or short-term relief of anxiety symptoms, including anxiety accompanied by mental depression. In addition, lorazepam is also indicated for sedation-hypnosis,** insomnia in a state of anxiety or temporary, environmental stress. Lorazepam can also cause tension headaches. Finally, lorazepam can also be used for anticonvulsants and status epilepticus, and as an adjunct before anesthesia and endoscopy.
Diazepam is used for insomnia, anxiety disorders and depression with anxiety, phobias, tension headaches, essential tremor, pre-anesthesia administration (to reduce anxiety and tension, and can also play a role in basic anesthesia), alcohol-dependent withdrawal syndrome, and can be used to relieve reflex muscle spasms caused by local muscle or joint inflammation, upper motor neuron lesions, muscle spasms of athetois and stiff person syndrome, and facial muscle spasms caused by temporomandibular joint lesions.
Zopiclone is a third-generation hypnotic drug of the ciclopyrroline class, with pharmacological effects similar to benzodiazepines, acting on different binding sites (A-1 subtype receptors) of benzodiazepine sites in the chloride channel complex of -aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, and has sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant effects. Zopiclone is a fast-acting hypnotic drug, with rapid onset, compared with benzodiazepines, the effect is stronger, suitable for insomnia caused by various reasons, can prolong sleep time, improve sleep quality, reduce the number of nocturnal awakenings and early awakenings, especially suitable for patients who can not tolerate the residual effect of the next day, is the first choice of sedative-hypnotic drugs for the elderly.