Bronze. It has always been an important weapon of the country.
But there is such a bronze.
It has gone through several twists and turns since its excavation.
It has even been doneManger
Until after the founding of New China.
only appeared in the public's sight.
Today. Let Zhengbo cultural relics take you to talk about it.
Western Zhou bronzes.
A white plate of the season
A white plate of the season
Brief introduction to the artifact. Name: 虢 (guó) Jizi white plate.
Era: Western Zhou Dynasty.
Material: Bronze.
Category: Bronze.
Specification: 395 cm, mouth length 1372 cm.
Collection: National Museum of China.
The shape of the white plate is peculiar, like a big bathtub, it is a rectangle with rounded corners, a four-curved ruler-shaped foot, the mouth is large and the bottom is small, and it is slightly radial. Each of the four walls has two ringed beast ears, and the mouth is decorated with a circlePlagiarism, the lower part is the corrugated pattern.
Plagiarism Bronze Trivia.
Plate:In the Shang and Zhou dynasties, it was used as a washbasin, often with匜Combined. When in useOne person pours water downwards with a clawfor guests to wash their handsAnother person served the plateAfter cleaning, feasting, sacrificial and other activities are carried out. The "Internal Rules of the Book of Rites" records: "Enter the bowl (guàn), the young serve the plate, the old serve the water, please Wo Xu." Pawn, scarf. This etiquette is called"The Gift of Wo Lu".
Disc and Circle
A national treasure from a past life
The birth of the white plate of the season is to commemorate the victory of a war. InKing Xuan of ZhouDuring the year, there was a Zhou royal family targetXuan（xiǎn）TanacooIn this war, the monarch of the state of Yu, "Zibai", led his army to kill 500 enemies, captured 50 people and sacrificed them to the Son of Heaven, King Xuan of Zhou rewarded Zibai heavily, and after Zibai returned to China, he ordered someone to make a bronze plate as a commemoration, which is the origin of the white plate of Yu Jizi.
The inscription rubbings of the white plate of Yu Jizi
The inscription on the bottom of the plate is in concise and beautiful language.
Recorded the events of this matter:
Ten and two years, at the beginning of the first month, Ji Dinghai, Yu Jizi Bai Cha Baopan. does not show the white child, strong in the Rong Gong, through the Quartet. Fight against the Xuan, Yu Luo's Yang. The first five hundred, and the fifty executions, is the first. Huan Huan Zibai, dedicated to the king, Wang Kong Jiazi Baiyi. Wang Zhou Temple Xuanxie, feast. The king said: 'Father Bai, Kong Xian is bright and bright. 'The king gave horses to ride on the left king; Give the bow and arrow, its center. Give the use of the 戉, the use of political barbarism. Children and grandchildren, ten thousand years without borders. ”
Translation: On the day of Dinghai during the first auspicious month of the twelfth year, Yu Ji Zibai made a treasure plate. The illustrious Zibai is brave and promising in military operations and runs the four corners of the world. Attack and conquer the Fox and reach the north of Luoshui. He beheaded five hundred enemies, captured fifty prisoners, and became the pioneer of the whole army. The mighty Zibai cut off the enemy's left ear and presented it to the king, and the king appreciated Zibai's majesty very much. The king came to the Xuanxie of the Taimiao of Chengzhou and feasted the ministers. The king said, "Father Bai, your merits are great and glorious. The king gave Zibai a chariot with four horses to assist the king. The bow and arrows were given to the scarlet, and the color was very bright. Given to Da Yue to conquer the barbarians. (Zibai makes a device, so that children and grandchildren will use it forever and ever).
玁狁:Ancient clan names. An ethnic group in ancient China, the Beidi (Xiongnu in the Qin and Han dynasties), was active in the area of present-day Shaanxi and Gansu, between Qi and Qi. Legend has it that in ancient times, he was expelled by the Yellow Emperor. During the Yin Zhou Dynasty, they were nomadic in present-day Shaanxi, northern Gansu, Ningxia, and western Inner Mongolia. At the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty, its momentum gradually strengthened and became a major threat to the Zhou Dynasty. King Xuan of Zhou sent troops to resist many times and built a castle in Shuofang.
The Kingdom of Qiu
Mention the country of Qiu. Many friends may remember.
Yang Guifei's storyMrs. Qiuguo
But the title of "Mrs. Qiuguo".
In fact, it was just a whim of Tang Xuanzong.
The Kingdom of Qiu in History.
Probably more important than we think.
Mrs. Yang Shi:A native of Yongle, Puzhou (now Ruicheng County, Shanxi) in the Tang Dynasty, the third sister of Yang Yuhuan, the favorite concubine of Li Longji of Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, lived in Shuzhong with her father in her early years. He married Pei Shi for the first time, and Pei died early. After Yang Guifei was favored by Tang Xuanzong, she welcomed Mrs. Qiuguo and Yang Guifei's other two sisters into the Beijing Division together. Tang Xuanzong called Yang Guifei's three sisters aunts and gave them residences. This person was arrogant and lascivious in life, and he was prominent for a while under the protection of Yang Guifei. During the Anshi Rebellion, Mrs. Qiu Guo was forced to commit suicide while fleeing.
"The Lady of the Kingdom of Qiu".
Behind the man in white riding a black horse in the picture is Mrs. Qiuguo
False Dao Vazi:Used in military affairs, it is intended to use A as a springboard to destroy B, and after achieving the goal, go back and destroy A together, or use the excuse of borrowing the way from the other party to destroy the other party. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Jin State bribed the monarch of the Yu State to annex the adjacent Yu State by borrowing the way from the Yu State, and destroyed the Yu State when he passed by the Yu State again on the way back. Another famous idiom, "the lips are dead and the teeth are cold", is also derived from the relationship between the state of Yu and the state of Yu.
The vassal states of the Western Zhou Dynasty only had seven dukes and vassal states, namely Song, Qi, Zhu, Jiao, Ji, Chen, and Yu, among which the founding monarch of the State of Yu wasUncle Yu, the younger brother of King Zhou Wen, the fief was originally in the area of present-day Baoji, Shaanxi (later moved to the area of present-day Sanmenxia, Henan), and the reason why the monarchs of the other six countries were named dukes was because of itA descendant of the previous king。The Zhou royal family followed the principle of "rise and fall and succession", and divided the old nobles of the previous generation, the descendants of Xia Yu were divided into the Qi Kingdom, and the descendants of Shang Tang were divided into the Song Kingdom. The four descendants of the Yellow Emperor, the Yan Emperor, the Yao State, and the Shun State were respectively divided into the Ji Kingdom, the Jiao Kingdom, the Zhu Kingdom, and the Chen Kingdom.
The special status of the Kingdom of Yu made it an important vassal state in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and its monarchs held important official positions in the Zhou Dynasty, which was highly appreciated and valued by the Emperor of Zhou, and participated in many major historical events from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the early Spring and Autumn PeriodIt had a significant impact on the rise, development, and decline of the Zhou dynasty
The state of Yu not only developed economically and culturally, but also controlled the most ace army of the Zhou people"Saturday Division".It is the most important force of Gongwei Wangji. At this time, the state of Yu can be described as one of the most powerful vassal states in the Western Zhou Dynasty, which is historical"Xuanwang Zhongxing".The necessary conditions were provided.
During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the state of Qiu, as the vassal state most closely related to the Zhou royal family, gradually declined with the decline of the Zhou royal family, and was finally annexed by other vassal states.
A national treasure in this life
Yu Jizi white plate was originally thereDuring the Daoguang period(1820 1850) was unearthed in Baoji, Shaanxi Province (now belonging to Chencang District, Baoji City), which was the county commander of Meixian County at that timeXu XieWhen Xu Xie returned home, he brought the pan back to Changzhou (now Changzhou, Jiangsu). ToTaiping Heavenly KingdomPeriod,Protector Chen Kun bookThe town guarded Changzhou, and the white plate of Yu Jizi changed hands to protect the king.
In the third year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1864 AD), he was the general of the Huai Army who was the governor of ZhiliLiu Mingchuan, with Li Hongzhang to suppress the Taiping Army. One day, the official army took Changzhou City, and Liu Mingchuan lived in the palace of the king. At midnight, Liu Mingchuan was reading under the lamp, when he suddenly heard a pleasant sound of metal knocking from the stable behind the house, so he was suddenly curious and immediately looked for it with a candle. He examined the stables and saw that it was the sound of the iron ring on the bridle's head touching the manger. Liu Mingchuan squatted down to take a closer look, and saw that the manger was huge, and the trough wall glowed with a deep glow in the candlelight; Reach out and try, you can't lift it; Knock lightly, and the sound is clear and subtle. Liu Mingchuan faintly felt that this manger was by no means unusual. Early the next morning, Liu Ming ordered the groom to scrub the manger clean. See that the four sides of its outer wall are decorated with two beast head rings; The entire outer wall is covered with ornamentation; The insole has an inscription, and the whole text is neat and rigorous. Liu Mingchuan knew that he had found a treasure, and immediately ordered someone to escort this bronze back to his hometown in Hefei.
The white plate of Yu Jizi is indeed a treasure, but it also brings great trouble to Liu Mingchuan's family. Warlords, Japanese criminals, and Kuomintang officials demanded from their families for the white plates of Yu Jizi. The Liu family had to bury the plate in the deep soil and escape with the family. Until the founding of New China in 1949, Liu Ming passed on his grandsonLiu SuzengOnly then did he dig up the plate and donate it to the state. The plate is now in the collection of the National Museum of China.