The Forbidden City, thinking of these two words, recalls that it was the worship of the ministers, and the emperor of Kangxi pacified the vassal king.
Film and television dramas often shoot scenes in the palace, and the background is mostly the story of the emperor who lived in the Forbidden City. Fortunately, we can buy tickets to see the glory and historical pearls of the Forbidden City, and deeply experience the vicissitudes of life between the palace walls.
And for us to open up the era of peace, *** has led the team to the Forbidden City wall three times, the palace gate has always been dusty, what is the reason why the chairman went to the Forbidden City Tower three times in four days, but resolutely did not enter the Forbidden City?
What are the little-known stories and secrets behind it?
In early 1954, it was the late spring in Beijing, and everything recovered after the cold winter, just like Zhu Ziqing's "Spring", Vientiane was renewed and ready to go. According to the recollection of Mr. Han, then head of the Security Section of the Palace MuseumHe has visited the Forbidden City three times.
For ***, the Forbidden City is a place that he longed for in his youth, and the so-called desire is involved, so the mood of the trip here is high and full of interest.
Overlooking the whole of Beijing, it looks like a huge matryoshka doll, with layers of hollow character structures. It was the capital of many dynasties. Old Beijing is divided into two parts: the outer city civilian area and the inner city rich area, and the inner city is built in the imperial city.
The Forbidden City is divided into two parts, the former dynasty and the harem, from the central axis of the capital, the noon gate is established on the central axis, the main gate in the middle is exclusively for the emperor, the east and west sides of the door for the princes of the clan to enter and exit, and then the left and right wings of the door are the way of entry and exit of the civil and military, and the entrance to the noon gate is the interior of the Forbidden City.
The outer red wall stands in a rectangle, encircling the entire Forbidden City, which is divided into Donghua Gate, Xihua Gate, Wumen Gate and Shenwu Gate, which is the passage to the outside. Four watchtowers are erected at the four corners of the red wall, which form the entire defense system with the city wall, the city gate tower, and the moat.
**The first time I climbed the wall was in the early morning of May 17, 1954, from the Shenmu Gate. The Shenwu Gate is opened in the north wall of the Forbidden City, and it is opposite to the morning gate of the central axis.
At that time, ** dressed in a gray Zhongshan suit, holding a bamboo pole, climbing high step by step, standing under the Shenwumen plaque and looking into the distance, although it is no longer like a teenager, it is still full of spirit.
Behind the Shenwu Gate, ** walk east from the city wall walking path, leisurely, pass by the lookout tower in the northeast corner and head south. Everyone thought that they had fulfilled their wishes, and they entered the Forbidden City from Donghua Gate to visit one or two.
On the contrary, the chairman had no intention of entering the Forbidden City, but sat on a Mazha about forty paces from the southeast corner to rest, and then turned west to the main gate of the Forbidden City, which is the noon gate.
In 1925, the Forbidden City was renamed the Palace Museum, which houses many treasures that were preserved during the war and donated by patriots in the later period. After watching the "National Exhibition of Unearthed Cultural Relics" at the Wumen Tower, in the evening, quietly descended from the Wumen Tower and left by car.
The second time I visited the Forbidden City was after noon on May 19, ** I took a car to the Forbidden City again to visit the exhibition hall in the Afternoon Gate Tower, and watched the wonderful places, and the chairman was even more amazed.
Later, when he walked west along the city wall from the noon gate and passed through the southwest corner tower to the Xihua Gate, the figure was discovered by several visiting students, causing chanting"Hooray! ”This voice can be described as high, and the crowd followed and surged towards the place where the chairman was, and the people's admiration for *** poured out.
**Originally intended to leave from the noon gate, but due to a small episode, the city wall of the Forbidden City was crowded, so I had to leave in a hurry from the Xihua Gate.
The third time he came was on May 20, when the chairman took a car to the Shenwu Gate, and then climbed the Forbidden City Tower through the Gate. Still didn't push the door open, and chose a path that was completely opposite to the previous route.
Walk along the city wall to the west, turn the northwest corner tower, pass through the Xihua Gate and turn east to the Wumen Gate to continue the ** cultural relics exhibition, stop and admire. During the period, the chairman and his entourage left a precious group photo, with bright eyebrows and standing with their hands in their hands.
As before, the Chairman returned downstairs from the noon gate. Three tours in four days, three in front of the Forbidden City without entering, but these three trips have been around the Forbidden City for a week.
Three to the Forbidden City, in addition to the city tower overlook, but also to the exhibition of cultural relics. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Chinese nation was mired in swamps, wind and rain in all directions, and the coalition forces invaded China. So how did the treasure survived from the era of war and chaos?
On December 15, 1948, the Northeast Field Army and the North China Military Region officially completed the encirclement of Beiping, and the liberation of Beiping was within reach with just one order. The battle situation is clear, but ** is full of sadness, and the things in the city make him feel at ease.
On December 17th, *** personally called**, and others about the precautions for the liberation of Beiping. He demanded that Beiping should try its best to seek peaceful liberation, strive to avoid destroying the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven, the Old Summer Palace and other buildings, and even if it takes longer to occupy Beiping, we must be patient to do so.
At the same time, the command must maintain contact with each combat unit, be clear about the progress of each step, draw up a map of the cultural relics and historic sites area, and make a precise plan for each person. In particular, he was instructed to liaise with students from various universities to discuss how to reduce the loss of cultural relics.
During the Liberation War, the protection of the Forbidden City was once again emphasizedTherefore, in the stormy war years, these cultural relics and monuments were well preserved, and there is now a magnificent Forbidden City.
The cultural relics of the Forbidden City have suffered major changes before the Liberation War, which occurred after the Lugou Bridge Incident, the war is urgent, the all-out war of resistance is imperative, and foreign enemies are eyeing the treasures of the Forbidden City. Yi Peiji, the first director of the Palace Museum at that time, and others were not blind to what was going on outside the window, and only read the books of sages.
Cutting through the mess with a quick knife and avoiding hesitation, they acted quickly after deliberation. The cultural relics were sealed and went south to Shanghai for the first time, and then to Nanjing, on the way the situation of the Anti-Japanese War was more urgent, and Nanjing was in dangerAs a last resort, the cultural relics migrating soldiers were divided into three routes and were displaced.
After more than ten years of wandering, the cultural relics have finally returned and are well preserved. This must be inseparable from the efforts made by Yi Peiji and others behind the scenes.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, ** received a lot of rare treasures, but all of them were handed over to the relevant departments. In addition to donating cultural relics, *** also often borrowed calligraphy and paintings from the Forbidden City, and each time the return time would be marked"It's not appropriate, you have to learn the culture. ”
Whether during the war or after the founding of the People's Republic of China, ** has always paid attention to the Forbidden City, but he has never stepped into the Forbidden City half a step in his life, **What is the important origin of the Forbidden City, which makes the move of *** the three Forbidden City without entering a layer of mystery?
In fact, the first meeting with the Forbidden City dates back to 1918, when Zhang Jingyao, the overseer of Hunan, sent troops to suppress *** In order to denounce Zhang Jingyao and promote new ideas, the 25-year-old *** came to Beijing for the first time. With the ambition of serving the country and the people, he did a veritable "North Drift" for a while.
On August 15, 1918, more than 20 members of the Xinmin Society, including Xiao Zisheng and Luo Xuezan, set off from Hunan to Beijing, preparing to go to France for work-study, but the train went on a complete strike in Henan. The heavy rain washed away the roadbed, but it did not dampen the pedestrian's footsteps.
On the second day, the group walked 60 kilometers to Xuchang, and then took a train to Beijing after two days and two nights of trekking.
When I first arrived in Beijing, I temporarily lived in the Fuyou Temple at the foot of the Forbidden City, and it was already sunset and dusk, so I didn't have time to watch it. Later, he borrowed it from the teacher Yang Changji's house, and because the residence was too scattered, he rented it with Cai Hesen and other eight people in the courtyard of No. 8 Zuo Lane, Ji'an. The usable area of the house is less than 10 square metersTypical "one room and half a kang".
The left lane of Ji'an was called Sanyanjing Hutong at that time. In the three north rooms of this small courtyard,The eight of them were on the kang and slept together, stepping on the dirt and moving forward, with strong ambitions in their eyes, running around for the work-study program in France.
When he was studying in Hunan, he was deeply influenced by Yang Changji's advanced thoughts, and came to ask for advice many times, at that time Yang Changji's daughter Yang Kaihui always sat next to him with a small bench, listening to their studies, the way of life, and the road to save the country and the people, and the two became more and more familiar.
When he was studying in Beijing, he often walked along various park paths with Yang Kaihui, and occasionally passed in front of the Forbidden City. Seeing the stacked pavilions across the Jinshui River, the eaves and blue bricks, the carvings are lifelike, and the jade top reflects all kinds of colors in the afterglow of the sunset, which is eye-catching.
This is the second reunion between *** and the Forbidden City, the scenery seen during this trip has left a deep imprint on the heart of ***, he was full of curiosity and desire for the Forbidden City in his youth, but he did not have the opportunity to enter and watch carefully.
Yang Kaihui admires *** very much*** insists on getting up early to take a cold shower, even in the cold winter wax moon, there is no slack self-discipline, coupled with the mutual communication between the two during the tour, it is enough to see the courage of *** people.
And *** while gaining friends with similar aspirations, he also gained love with Yang Kaihui
At that time, China was in a moment of crisis, and the turmoil was still unsettled. In 1919, ** left Beijing and began a difficult revolutionary process of nearly 30 years, and he did not enter Beijing again until the founding of New China.
On January 31, 1949, Peking was peacefully liberated. But after entering Beiping, ** lost his temper twice in a row.
The first time they lost their temper was on March 25, when they rode to Tsinghuayuan Station, and on the way to the Summer Palace, they found that the soldiers were carrying guns and stabbing them at the crowd. The people were waiting eagerly to celebrate the victory of liberation, and it was really unkind to carry swords and guns.
The guards were like this to protect the safety of the chief, and the war was successful, and the remnants of the party were not cleared. **Comfort the soldier after listening to the explanation:Everyone is watching, and those people don't dare to **. After that, the Ministry of Security enforced a strict order that whenever the chief traveled, the guards must carry guns in front of them, and they should not be equipped with bayonets.
The second time was on the eve of the founding of New China, when the first organ was in the selection of the location of Beijing, and the two propositions of "New Beiping" and the transformation of the ancient city were deadlocked"I don't learn from Li Zicheng, and I don't live in the palace. ”Rejected the proposal to be stationed in the Zhongnanhai area.
The Zhongnanhai area mentioned here refers to Zhonghai and Nanhai, formerly known as Taiye Pool (Xiyuan), located opposite the Xihua Gate of the Forbidden City, where Liaojin originally built a palace along the lake - Taining Palace.
In the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan expanded on a large scale, and the West Garden became a part of the Yuan Dynasty Imperial Palace.
During the Qianlong period, the construction of the main buildings in Zhongnanhai was completed, and then it has been a royal banquet resort.
In this way, the Zhongnanhai region has always been a symbol of either wealth and nobility, and it is the only way to resolutely live in the "palace".
However, the minority obeyed the majority, and ** reluctantly accepted the arrangement. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Zhongnanhai area became the office of the Communist Party of China. However, the worries in his heart did not let go, he was still afraid that the cadres stationed in Zhongnanhai would be carried away by the victory, impetuous and reckless, and finally end up with the same ending as Li Zicheng.
Historically, Li Zicheng was called "King Xinshun" in the sixteenth year of Chongzhen, appeased the people, and later proclaimed himself emperor in Xi'an. The conquest of the Quartet, which was supposed to win the hearts of the people, won the world, but in the end died at the hands of the villagers.
In order to prevent Li Zicheng from going to the same end, he sounded the alarm to the party members, and by the way, warned himself that the next road should still be carried out in a spirit and deliberately.
During this period, ** talked about Li Zicheng's story many times, saying:"We went into the city, not Li Zicheng into the city. ”
For ***, the Forbidden City is not only the essence of culture, but also a mirror of self-reflection. The original intention of the revolution was to overthrow the feudal monarchy and establish an era of equality for all.
The Forbidden City embodies the epitome of feudal society, and wants to be the leader of the people, not the inheritor of feudalism.
Therefore, the Forbidden City, which symbolizes the imperial system, is contrary to the idea of ***, and it took so many years of hard struggle to get equality in the era, and now the leaders are re-entering the Forbidden City to work, is it not a waste of the efforts of the martyrs and the nation. This time, the Communist Party entered the city of Beijing to persist in the revolution to the end and establish a socialist state.
**The Forbidden City has always been a prudent attitude, the Forbidden City shows "magnificence" everywhere, and there is also the Jinluan Palace, which is incompatible with the simplicity and frugality. When I was in the Yan'an base area, ** clothes often had patches, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, they were the same as always.
He once said that "three years of the new, three years of the old, and another three years of sewing and mending".It can be seen that the spirit of thrift and honesty and self-dedication.
So far, ** three times through the Forbidden City without entering,The first is that he is dissatisfied with the suppression of imperial power in ancient feudal society and the resistance to the exploitative society of the class system, and second, more importantly, he hopes that he can always stand with the masses of the people and do practical things for the sake of the masses.
Such a great Chinese leader will always be respected by the Chinese.