Hidden in 【Long-term equity investments - profit and loss adjustmentsBehind him, it is what makes countless cpaers want to live and dieIntra-related-party transactions.
The problem that could have been solved by using the profits realized by the investee * the shareholding ratio is only five or six or seven or eight times more complicated after considering the internal transactions of related parties.
The so-called intra-party transaction is that the investor and the investee sell things to each other.
Rabbits don't eat the grass next to the nest, why do you related parties like to turn their left hand to their right hand so much?
Can you not always sell among related parties, can you go out and sell to others?!
Isn't it good for everyone to earn other people's money together, and you have to work hard to gather your own people's wool?!
You guys really, too much to bully our accountants.
In fact, related-party transactions are not about the investor and the investee buying and selling each other, but about having a profound business logic.
For example, I Xu opened a super super super super high-tech company - Mumu Technology, and there is no shortage of customer channels, but the raw materials have been stuck in the neck, and every time it is either the factory delivery is delayed, or the defective rate is high, and it has become an obstacle on the road to my NASDAQ bell ringing.
After learning from the pain, I decided to take a stake in the upstream factory that produces raw materials, appoint directors, and become a shareholder with the right to speak, so that the factory can prioritize our orders from Mumu Technology to the highest priority.
You see, related party transactions are not the goal, but I Xu someone originally wanted to trade with the upstream factory, but in order to have higher product quality and faster response speed, I had to turn the upstream factory into my own person through the ability to bank, oh no, it is to invest in shares, so as to better control the procurement of upstream raw materials.
The money is the best and fastest service.
Everything is better than giving money.
With the business logic in place, the next step is to make accounting difficult.
Because there are always people who use business logic to exploit loopholes in accounting standards.
For example, it can be used to whitewash each other's income statements.
To take a very extreme example, let's say that Company A owns 20% of the shares of Company B, which can exert significant influence, and is measured using the equity method.
Company B had a transaction throughout the year, giving Company A a batch of inventory at a cost of 600,000 yuan and a selling price of 1 million, but Company A did not sell the inventory that year.
Then, for Company B, when ** gives inventory to A, it will be recorded:
Debit: accounts receivable 1 million.
Credit: operating income of 1 million.
Borrow: The cost of main business is 600,000.
Credit: Inventory 600,000.
In other words, Company B achieved a net profit of 400,000 yuan for the whole year.
At the same time, in the statement of Company A, the following entries will be made:
First, I bought the inventory and borrowed: 1 million in stock.
Credit: Accounts payable 1 million.
At the same time, the investment income is recognized for the corresponding share of the net profit realized by Company B, and the long-term equity investment - profit and loss adjustment is 80,000 yuan (40*20%=8).
Credit: Investment income of 80,000.
The clever old iron may find that there is something wrong.
Isn't this just Company A buying profits?
A made a profit of 400,000 yuan by purchasing from B, and then recognized the investment income of 80,000 yuan based on the 20% stake in B.
Profits are endless, can be self-circulating supply?
Are you going to leave this baby with me?
If you have read my previous article, Lao Tie will definitely understand how important profit is to a listed company.
For the sake of profits, the CEOs and finances of listed companies can always be said to do everything.
Is that profit?
That's obviously the boss's fragrant car, BMW house, champagne wine, and Bentley.
If you can make a profit by buying and selling related parties, it is really cool.
If there is a lack of profits, it doesn't matter, just let the shareholding company sell us something, sell as much as you want, the more expensive the selling, the better, the shareholding company has a profit, and we will be able to confirm the investment income and increase the profit proportionally!
What the? What if you don't have the money to buy it?
Do I still need to pay for related party transactions?
It's good to hang back and forth.
Not a penny is spent, and the profit is created in this way.
In order to prevent this whitewashing, our Code requires,The gains and losses arising from internal transactions arising from the assets of an associate or joint venture to an investment enterprise should be offset when the relevant assets are not consumed by an external independent third party**.
That is, the unrealized gains and losses from internal transactions between related parties are not counted as profits and are subject to offset.
According to this provision, the accounting treatment of Company A became like this:
Borrow: Inventory 100
Credit: Accounts payable 100
At the same time, the investment income is recognized for the corresponding share of the net profit realized by Company B, and the long-term equity investment - profit and loss adjustment 8 (40*20%=8) is borrowed
Credit: Investment income 8
The unrealized internal profit and loss is then offset by borrowing: investment income 8 (40*20%=8).
Credit: Long-term Equity Investment - Profit and Loss Adjustment 8
Then, you will find that after such an operation, the actual accounting treatment of Company A is one:
Borrow: Inventory 100
Credit: Accounts payable 100
The investment income was first recognized at 80,000 yuan, and then it was completely written off.
Everything has changed, and nothing seems to have changed.
It's just that, between the change and the unchanging, only the world where Cpaer is injured has once again been achieved.