The issue of prisoners of war in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea has been rarely discussed in history, and our early discussions focused on the 50s of the 20th century, and most of them focused on analysis within the military. After 1959, however, research on the Korean War largely ceased.
However, in the 90s of the 20th century, the revelation of the intelligence of the CIA and the gradual opening of the archives of China and **, the study of the Korean War ushered in a new climax, and the issue of prisoners of war of the Volunteer Army also began to be studied gradually.
After sorting out various materials, it was finally gathered into a book containing more than 300 filesKorean War: **Declassified documents from the ArchivesγγIn this document, we revisit the terrible battle of that year, and the shadow after the great war.
According to records, in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, there was a huge gap between China and the United NationsI have no enemies, I have many enemies, I have few, and I have good enemies and I am poorγ"In the early military power comparison, it was 430:0 for tanks, 7000:45 for cars, 432:12 for artillery, and 1600:20 for radio.
Such a huge disparity will inevitably lead to the tragedy of this war, and there is even a danger of complete collapse in an instant. But the Volunteer Army, under the command of *** and ***, finally persevered and defeated the 17-nation coalition army.
However, as the data analyzes, the cost of victory must be unimaginably great, according to the list of prisoners of the Volunteer Army and the Korean People's Army submitted by the United StatesThe Korean People's Army captured 111,774 prisoners and the Volunteer Army 20,700, for a total of 132474 people.
It was able to make the strongest army on the surface pay the price of more than 20,000 prisoners, and almost the elite of the whole of Korea, which shows the tragic situation of the war that year. Of course, it is precisely because of this tragedy that the United States, which occupies all kinds of advantages, is unwilling to lose, even if they know that the battle has been lost, they still have to find a field, and this field is focused on prisoners.
The United States** has publicly proclaimed that if the prisoners are returned to China and North Korea intact, North Korea's strength will be restored, and the war will become meaningless. Of course, the North Korean side is secondary, and most importantly, the volunteers are too strong, they feel the threat of communism, and they must do everything possible to suppress the arrogance of communism.
And so a struggle began around the "captives".
According to records, in the early struggles, both Stalin, Kim Il Sung, and *** showed a tough attitude, demanding that the other side must release all the prisoners. But the United States has come up with an infuriating statement, that is, ".Voluntary repatriation".
The so-called "voluntary repatriation" refers to the choice of a soldier's affiliation according to his wishes, and the hidden content of the "voluntary repatriation" means that the captured KPA has the right to defect to south Korea, and the volunteers may also defect to Taiwan. This move is undoubtedly a smear on the purity of communism and the victory in this war.
There is no doubt that the negotiations in the early stage naturally cannot be negotiated, so there is a phenomenon of talking while fighting, and the negotiations on the field are full of words, and the negotiations outside the venue are full of fire. But as *** said:We in China do not mean that we can sacrifice casually if there are too many people, we must not only achieve victory, but also not a single comrade can be left behind.
Under such strong pressure, the United States also felt a deep sense of frustration, unable to win a war on the battlefield, and using small means at the negotiating table to disgrace the United States. But the American side is not without means.
According to U.S. intelligence on September 9, 1950, in order to quickly realize the principle of voluntary repatriation, the U.S. will establish an interrogation, indoctrination and training center for prisoners of war in the hands of the United States, and try to use them to train them for psychological warfare
What is Psychological Warfare? The answer is simple: American spies coerced and lured Chinese volunteer soldiers to force them to return to Taiwan. And the Americans have learned to use China to control ChinaA large number of Taiwanese spies were sent to the prisoner of war camps to educate the volunteers. Among them, signatures, lettering, rumors and other means were used to prevent the repatriation of volunteer prisoners of war
What's more, they conducted human experiments on the volunteers, and carried out intimidation methods such as disembowelment and disembowelment, forcing the volunteers to fall to Taiwan. Of course, for external claims: the United States is only a so-called screening of volunteers.
But the methods are too bloody. According to the records, a prisoner of war named Li Daan led a group of Taiwanese spies to kill frantically in the prisoners of war, he used a dagger to dig out the martyr's still trembling heart, and shouted:See? Whoever wants to go back to the mainland is going to find *** like this
It was so bloody that even the Allies could not see it, accusing the United States of ignoring the Geneva Conventions. With the increasing pressure from China, North Korea and the Soviet Union, the United States has become more and more inferior, and even implemented the policy of letting Chiang out of the cage in 1953.
And Chiang Kai-shek also disregarded the dignity of the country, Chiang Kai-shek himself issued a proclamation to the prisoners of war, and the Taiwan authorities are constantly launching a mobilization week to support the return of prisoners of war, and even Taiwan's planes began to go to Jeju Island to distribute condolences and Chiang Kai-shek's ** to the prisoners of war, which is really very lively, but in fact it is a brotherly fight and a thief joke.
Originally, this kind of struggle was continuous, and it was incumbent on them without hesitation, even if the Americans used such means, it would never be possible for China and the volunteers to bow their heads. But the ending was cruel, and ** felt the heartache.
In the end, more than 20,000 compatriots, and in the end, only 6,000 returned to the motherland, 1More than 40,000 people went to Taiwan. Why is this happening? It's really not that *** and our party don't do their best, it's really powerless, and there are even "betrayals" from teammates.
As mentioned earlier, the Soviet Union has always been in sync with *** and behaved very strongly, but on March 5, 1953, Stalin died. With Stalin's death, an unexpected man appeared, and during his appearance, the Soviet side expressed a new view.
Molotov, for example, recalls his redrafted proposal on the Korean War:The trend of the situation is that we no longer need this war that the North Koreans have imposed on us. There is no doubt that the change in attitude on the part of the Soviet Union has had a huge impact, which even exceeds the aggressiveness of the American side.
But this is not the end, after the death of Stalin, Kim Il Sung also gave a major blow to Comrade ***, Kim Il Sung proposed to end the negotiations as soon as possible, and firmly believed that the unresolved issues should be handed over to the political conference to study.
He even said something that made the squadron's heart ache:Most of the prisoners of war of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army were former members of Chiang Kai-shek's army and were politically unreliable, so there was no special point in fighting for them.
In the face of the shameless actions of the United States, in the face of the "betrayal" of the two teammates of the Soviet Union and the DPRK, coupled with the United States' screening of the comrades of the volunteers, the tragedy finally happened. And this incident has also become an unforgettable shadow after the victory of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.