"Overlapping mountains, winding ring loops. Ding Ding Dong Spring, high and down the tree. "This is a scholar in the late Qing DynastyYu YueA small poem depicting the scenery of Hangzhou's "Nine Streams and Eighteen Streams".
The five characters of this poem are one sentence, and each sentence uses two overlapping words to modify mountains, roads, springs, and trees respectively, and together outline the beautiful scenery of heavy mountains, peaks and loops, flowing water, and verdant trees in the Jiuxi area.
The poems are simple and straightforward, simply describing the scenery and color, not amazing; If you only look at its "poetic form", it has continuous overlapping words and neat duality, which makes it unique in form and eye-catching.
Coincidentally. "Wan Wan turned to win the upper yarn, red, red, green and green flowers. They have parked night crows, lonely and lonely. "This poem is a poet of the Tang DynastyWang JianThe work of "Wan Zhuan Words".
The seven characters of this poem are one word, and each sentence also uses two overlapping words, respectively to modify the light and fluttering gauze tent, the red and green flowers and leaves, the flying crows and the lonely and lonely home, creating an environment atmosphere of stillness in motion and loneliness in the brain, highlighting the loneliness, loneliness and boredom of the person who keeps the empty house alone.
The poem uses eight overlapping words in a row, using the foreground to contrast the melancholy, like a natural expression, fresh and soft poetry, which is quite impressive.
Like this, poems in which part of the poem or all sentences of the poem are constructed and combined with diacritics, scholars call them overlapping poems. The overlapping word here refers to the word formed by the repetition of two or more identical words.
Overlapping words, because of their homophonic and homophonic attributes, make it have the endowment of "pronouncing catchy, sounding eloquent, and looking novel and interesting", and also has the effect of strengthening emotional expression, increasing the atmosphere rendering, and enhancing the appeal of the work.
Therefore, as a rhetorical weapon, it has been widely used by creators in the past generations, so that there have been many people who are good at creating overlapping poems, and many overlapping poems with unique meaning and rhyme and clear bones have been produced.
This can't help but arouse people's curiosity, as an ingenious and self-contained poetic style, how did the overlapping poem appear, how did it develop, and what are the classic masterpieces? Let's take a stroll along the development of Chinese literary history, take a look at the past, present and development and evolution of the stacked character poems, and stop for a moment to enjoy the swan song of the gods.
The originator of superimposed poetry - the Book of Songs
Speaking of the origin of the application of overlapping words in poetry, it is easy to trace it back to the Book of Songs. The Book of Songs is the first collection of poetry in China, compiled into a book in the Spring and Autumn Period, collecting a total of 305 poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. According to statistics, 185 of them used overlapping words, reflecting that the use of overlapping words was quite mature at that time.
Among them, there is a small number of overlapping words that are used as onomatopoeia to simulate the sound of things. Such as:
CloseDove, on the island of the river. "Guanguan" simulates the call of a dove;
Big cartsthresholds, the clothes are like a cane. "Threshold" simulates the sound of wheels.
LoggingTintin, birdsongBoom。"Tintin" simulates the sound of logging, and "Boom" simulates the sound of birds.
Onomatopoeia reflects the author's perception of the sounds of nature, and perception is often subjective, whereby the sound of things is conveyed to the reader along with the author's feelings through the rhyme of overlapping words.
In the Book of Songs, more overlapping words are used as adjectives to either describe the scenery or depict the psychology and emotions of the characters. Such as:
In the past, I went back to the past, willowYiyi。Now I think about it, rain and snowFei Fei。"Yiyi" describes the appearance of willow branches that are weak and fluttering in the wind, and "Feifei" describes the appearance of snowflakes flying and continuous.
WalkGlamorous, centerShake。"Sluggish" depicts a state of sluggishness and sluggishness when walking, while "Wobbly" describes a state of depression and swaying.
It is not difficult to see that through the overlapping and continuous use of single words, the original meaning of the word can be strengthened, and the connotation of the word can be extended, so as to make the expression effect more hierarchical and vivid.
Most of the poems in the Book of Songs are four-word poems, that is, four characters are one sentence. It is not easy to use the overlapping technique in this limited space, and it is even more difficult to use the overlapping technique many times in a row.
However, there is a poem entitled "Wei Feng Shuoren" that rises to the challenge, and actually uses overlapping words in six consecutive sentences, which gorgeously pushes the use of overlapping rhetorical techniques to a new height.
The fourth section of "Wei Feng Shuoren": "River water."Yangyang, North StreamAlive（ɡuó ɡuó）。Shi Yan濊濊(shī ɡhuò huò), 鳣鲔Hair(zhān wěi bō bō), 葭菼Uncovered（jiā tǎn jiē jiē）。GingerIniquity(niè niè), 庶士有朅 (qiè).
Translated into the vernacular, it is: the water of the Yellow River is vast, and the north flows into the sea. The net into the water made a loud noise, the big fish in the net struggled, and the reeds and grass were dense. The girls who accompanied the marriage were all tall and tall, and the men who followed them were all good-looking! [Note: During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Yellow River flowed northward in the territory of Weiguo].
This poem describes the solemn and grand send-off scene of the princess Zhuang Jiang of Qi when she got married. The author uses montage to start with a large scene, then zoom in on the camera to give a close-up, and finally freeze the characters to give a close-up, presenting a cinematic picture that is both dynamic and textured.
In terms of language expression, the seven poems are stacked six times, some are painted, some are onomatopoeia, and some are facsimile, although they overlap repeatedly, they are also neat and neat, without any traces of deliberate carving. When recited, the syllables are loud, the rhythm is sonorous, and it is full of beauty. It is really amazing: the poems written by the ancients 2,500 years ago have such an exquisite layout design and such superb depiction methods!
By the way, "Wei Feng Shuoren" is indeed a rare treasure-level poem, the second stanza of the poem: "The hands are like soft wattles, the skin is like clotted fat, the collar is like a grub, the teeth are like a rhinoceros, the head of the mantis is like a moth eyebrows, the smile is clever, and the eyes are beautiful." The beauty of Zhuang Jiang and his people is delicately portrayed, and it is the first example of writing about beautiful women in the history of Chinese literature.
Not only that, in terms of describing the face and posture of beautiful women, this poem can be described as "the peak of debut", especially the two sentences of "clever smile, beautiful eyes", which make people look up to the mountains and look up to them.
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It is not easy to create, my backache and legs are numb and my neck hurts, so I refuse to carry it privately. 】
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