Deep in the Tianshan Mountains, Alagou used to be the Tianshan Road of the ancient Silk Road, the main area for the construction of the third line in Xinjiang, and the necessary place for the railway line in southern Xinjiang. It used to be the cradle of China's nuclear industry, the military industrial base, the largest atomic uranium mine in western China (later buried), and the headquarters of the Fifth Division of the Southern Xinjiang Railway Corps and the command post of the regimental headquarters under its jurisdiction were located here. Last century.
In the seventies and eighties, Alagou gave full play to its special geographical advantages, shouldered the sacred mission of the national defense industry, and made indelible contributions to the construction of the "third-line project" in Xinjiang, but it eventually declined due to historical and natural environmental reasons, leaving endless pain in people's memory.
Alagou is an important node of the ancient Silk Road.
Around the 7th century BC or earlier, the ancient nomadic tribes surnamed Yun, such as Zhirong, Daxia, Shache, Dayueshi, Xiongnu, and Loufu, operated in the Hexi Corridor, the Huangshui Valley, and the northern grasslands, and in 623 BC, Qin Mugong sent troops to attack the Rong Wang, causing these defeated tribes to migrate north and west. By the end of the 7th century BC, these people began to appear in the Sedi, that is, in the valley of the Ili and Chu rivers.
In the 2nd century B.C., the ancient Yueshi people, who originally lived in the eastern Tianshan Mountains as the central area, were forced to move westward to the area north of the Amu Darya River in Central Asia under the squeeze and coercion of the Xiongnu and Wusun. In other words, long before Zhang Qian's mission to the Western Regions, the ancient Dayue clan had opened up the earliest passage to Central Asia. Later, with the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sending Zhang Qian to the Western Regions, he completed the feat of connecting the Silk Road in its entirety.
In 1976, when the railway soldiers built the Yuergou Railway Station, they excavated more than 80 tombs, one of which was of a large scale, a large number of tombs, and a large weight, unprecedented, shocking the world, and was called "the first tomb". The tomb is 7 deep1 meter, the unearthed cultural relics have 8 tiger stripe gold medals, 4 tiger stripe gold belts, 1 gold lion medal, and some gold beads, gold flowers and the first Central Plains lacquerware found in Xinjiang, a total of more than 200 pieces.
The owner of the tomb is a woman about 30 years old, and according to archaeologists, it may be the daughter of a Cypriot tribal chief or a noblewoman resembling a princess more than 2,000 years ago. There is a borehole in its skull, which may have been the cause of death. There was a custom among the ancient nomads of North Asia that when a person suffered from a severe headache, a doctor would drill a hole in the skull to relieve the pressure in the cranial cavity to relieve the pain.
The ancient caravan departed from Chang'an and crossed the Hexi Corridor into two routes: the middle road started from Yumen Pass, along the northern edge of the Taklamakan Desert, and passed through Lop Nur (Loulan), Turpan (Cheshi, Gaochang), Yanqi (Yuli), Kuqa (Qiuzi), Aksu (Gumo), Kashgar (Shule) to the Fergana Basin (Dawan).
From Turpan in the middle road to Ili in the north, from Turpan - Tuoxun - Yila Lake - Alehui - Alagou - Kuixiandaban - Balentaigou - Yuludus (Bayinbrook Grassland) mountain basin - Gongnaisi - Ili River Valley - Yining, and then connect with the North Silk Road into Central Asia.
Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, in order to strengthen the management of the Western Regions set up the Western Regions Protectorate, in the later dynasties due to Wang Mang's rebellion in the Han, the Eight Kings Rebellion, and the Wuhu Rebellion, the management of the Western Regions was relaxed, and the countries in the Western Regions continued to merge with each other, and in the early years of the Jin Dynasty, several large countries such as Shanshan and Cheshi were formed.
During the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the situation in the Western Regions changed again, and the Turpan Basin successively established the local government of the Han people surnamed Kan, Zhang, Ma and Koji, and set up counties, and Alagou was under the jurisdiction of Dujin County at this time.
During the Tang Dynasty, Tang Taizong Li Shimin and Wu Zetian successively set up the Anxi Metropolitan Protectorate and the Beiting Metropolitan Protectorate in the Western Regions to strengthen the management of the Western Regions, and Xizhou became an important military town under the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Protectorate. Dujin County was renamed Tianshan County, and the Tianshan Army was set up, and the Alagou Fengsui still stood here, as an important military facility in the Tang Dynasty, which illustrated the important position of Alagou at that time.
Tangxi Prefecture has town 8, Shu 11, Feng 23, shop 1, post 5, hall 19. Gaochang City is the political, economic and military center of Xizhou, it is not only the general transportation hub of Xizhou, but also the gathering center of the Xizhou Fengsui cordon, from Tianshan City through the Sayikaner Fengsui to the Alagou Fengsui is the Alagou Fengsui line.
In the Tang Dynasty, there were 11 transportation routes connecting the surrounding areas in Xizhou, including eastern, southeastern, northern, northwestern, and southwestern. Alagou Fengsui belongs to the town of Xizhou and is located in the western section of the Baishui Stream Road on the Xizhou Southwest Line traffic line (Xizhou-Yanqi).
Alagou Fengsui (Tashtur Fengsui), located in the east mouth of Alagou 67 kilometers west of Tuoxun County, the beacon is square, the circumference is about 130 meters, the wall base is 3 meters thick, 6 meters high, the door is open from east to west, the door is about 2 meters wide, and the river valley cliff is ahead. There is an earthen ladder on the inside of the east wall that can be climbed up the stairs. The northwest corner of Fengsui is a stone Lei of up to 15 meters, there are five or six houses in it, the broken wall is clear, the construction method is to add river slurry to the rock, insert wooden sticks to reinforce, after more than 1,000 years of wind and rain erosion, Fengsui is still basically intact. On July 11, 1962, the castle was listed as a key cultural relics protection unit by the autonomous region.
Alagou used to be prosperous and splendid.
In the 60s of the last century, relations between China and the Soviet Union deteriorated; The United States increased its troops in Vietnam, and the border dispute between China and India turned into a large-scale armed conflict; The fact that the Kuomintang authorities in Taiwan have received economic and military assistance from the United States has caused the deterioration of China's surrounding environment and the rise of unstable factors. In 1964, ** proposed: dig deep holes, accumulate grain, and prepare for war and famine for the people. The task of establishing local military industries in the provinces, in which the provinces and military regions can have the ability to fight independently and munitions in a state of war, is to produce light products below the regimental level for the local troops and militias. Under the call of "preparing for war and preparing for famine for the people" and "good people and good people are on the third line", 4 million workers, cadres, intellectuals, PLA officers and soldiers and tens of millions of migrant workers packed up their backpacks, trekked through mountains and rivers, and came to the deep mountains and valleys and desert wilderness in the southwest and northwest of the motherland.
In December 1964, in accordance with the spirit of the "May Conference", the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region decided that the area south of the Tianshan Mountains, east of Kuqa and Baicheng counties, and centered on Korla was a "third-line" construction area, and required the establishment of six arsenals in 1965 and 1967. Among them, the first arsenal in Xinjiang codenamed "501" project (56 Type 7The 62mm semi-automatic rifle factory, known as the Hongqi Machinery Factory to the outside world, enterprise code 979), produced a total of 205497 semi-automatic rifles before its closure; After the conversion, a total of 11,052 three-section filing cabinets, 7,841 shotguns, and 3,277 ** were produced. The Type 53 82mm mortar shell factory (known as Shengli Machinery Factory, enterprise code 9924, later known as Xinjiang Bicycle Factory) produced a total of 196 mortar shells before its closure90,000 rounds. After the conversion, a total of 139743 "Ostrich" brand bicycles, hand-cranked dough presses and meat grinders were produced, a total of 4,082 units. The Grenade Mine Factory (known to the outside world as the Anti-Imperialist Machine Factory, enterprise code 886) produced a total of 461 grenades of various types before its closure140,000 pieces.
After the conversion, 7,039 safes were produced. The Type 53 82 mortar shell fuse factory (known as Dongfeng Machinery Factory to the outside world, enterprise code 9924) produced a total of 1406533 10,000 fuses, mines and gun primers before closing60,000 pieces, 32 grenade caps580,000 capsules. After the conversion, he went to the north and south of Xinjiang to engage in boiler installation. 56 Formula 7The 62mm gun and ammunition factory (known as the Advance Machinery Factory to the outside world, enterprise code 9921) produced a total of 317.71 million rounds of ammunition before the switch. After the conversion, 32,449 liquefied gas cylinders and 25,000 "Tianchi" brand washing machines were produced. The Ammonium Nitrate Explosives Factory (known as the Anti-Repair Machinery Factory, enterprise code 9975) produced a total of 24,564 tons of explosives before the conversion. After the conversion of production in 1985, 2,025 tons of seismic source bombs were produced for petroleum geological exploration.
In view of the urgency of the national defense readiness situation, Xinjiang was instructed to immediately build three anti-tank arsenals (i.e., anti-tank rocket launchers, anti-tank rockets, and anti-tank rocket fuses, referred to as "one set of three factories") aimed at the Soviet Union, which were directly under the management of the Fifth Ministry of Machinery Industry of the People's Republic of China. The Type 69 40mm anti-tank bazooka plant (known as the Xinghuo Machine Factory, enterprise code 5217) produced a total of 10,300 bazookas before the switching. After the conversion, 25,347 electric irons were produced. The Type 69 40 mm anti-tank rocket factory (known as Liaoyuan Machinery Factory, enterprise code 5223) produced a total of 49 anti-tank rockets before the switch60,000 rounds. After the conversion, a total of 325837 square meters of steel doors, steel windows and radiators were produced. The Type 69 40 mm anti-tank rocket fuse plant (known to the outside world as the Shuguang Machine Factory, enterprise code 5214) was withdrawn on the grounds that "high altitude pressure has a serious impact on munitions".
The party and the state attach great importance to the construction of the "third-line project" in Xinjiang, and the state finance has given full support to it under extremely difficult circumstances, and all kinds of production and construction materials have been continuously transported to Xinjiang from all parts of the country. An independent automobile battalion of the military region has been set up to be responsible for the transportation of raw materials and daily necessities and equipment. The Revolutionary Committee of Nanshan Mining Area of Urumqi City has been established, with jurisdiction over three sub-district offices of Alagou, Yuergou and Aiweigou, and the district ** sub-district office in Alagou.
With the development of the enterprise, the facilities have been gradually improved, and the clubs, office buildings, hospitals, schools, television stations, and Yuergou Railway Station of various enterprises have been built one after another, which has facilitated transportation, expanded contact with the outside world, and improved the visibility of the enterprise. In its heyday, there were dozens of units such as military enterprises, first-class institutions, railway departments, 60 large and small enterprises, nearly 300 individual industrial and commercial households, 12 primary and secondary schools, theaters, TV transmitters, hospitals and other public welfare institutions and facilities. In addition to the resident population of the arsenal, there are also mobile construction personnel of the railway soldiers and the construction enterprises of the 1st Division and 2nd Regiment of the Xinjiang Corps (later renamed the Xinjiang Corps 8th Construction and Installation Engineering Company), in addition, the wartime (field) headquarters, communications battalion, and field warehouse of the Xinjiang Military Region are also in the mountains of Alagou, with a population of more than 100,000.
The decline of Alagou enterprises under the conditions of market economy.
In 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee was held, and the breeze of commodity economy began to blow in the Xinjiang Arsenal. The Fifth Machinery Department held a meeting codenamed "580" in Changsha and decided to stop the production of grenades, mortar shells and mortar shell fuses in Xinjiang. At this point, the various arsenals had to face difficult existential choices. However, the "market economy" does not believe in tears, the enterprise is located in a deep ravine, the transportation is inconvenient, and the product cost is too high, resulting in serious losses for the enterprise. In addition, in the summer of 1996, a once-in-a-century flood was unexpectedly caused, and the factory area that had been built for decades was almost razed to the ground. In 2001, a rare flood washed away Route 301 and the national highway connecting Ulas, Ili and southern Xinjiang, and the hope of corporate revitalization was completely disillusioned. As a result, with the difficult decision of "moving out of the ditch, extricating from the predicament, relocating the construction, and pursuing development", a heroic act of "victory and retreat" of tens of thousands of military industries in Alagou was deduced.
In the end, after three years, Liaoyuan and Xinghuo factories went to Tai'an, Shandong (the two factories were merged into the Southern Electromechanical General Factory); Shengli Factory was merged by Xinjiang October Tractor Factory, and in October 2000, it was merged by Xinjiang CommScope Development (No. 87, Cangfanggou Road, Urumqi City); Dongfeng Plant was relocated to Xiaodiwopu in the northern suburbs of Urumqi (now it has completed policy bankruptcy and turned into a private enterprise). Xinjiang Fengshou Power Plant, a power supply company, was relocated to the southeastern suburbs of Urumqi and merged with Urumqi Hongyanchi No. 2 Power Plant.
The evacuation of military enterprises in the garrison area, bankruptcy and the reduction of the railway department, the personnel in the mining area have been sharply reduced, and the people of the Nanshan Mining Area of Urumqi City have relocated near the beacon tower of Alagoukou, which was renamed Nanquan District, and later relocated Daban Town in Urumqi County and merged with Daban Town, and renamed Dabancheng District of Urumqi City. Xinjiang National Defense Industry Hospital was relocated to No. 159, Kashgar West Road, Xincheng District, Urumqi City, and merged with Xinjiang Agricultural Machinery Factory Staff Hospital (now known as the Second Poverty Relief Hospital of the Autonomous Region). At the same time as the people of Nanshan Mining Area were relocated, the insurance company, the Public Security Bureau, the Industrial and Commercial Bureau, and the Alagou Road section of the Nanshan Mining Area also moved out of Alagou one after another.