The history of ancient feudal dynasties is full of ups and downs, glory and disgrace, and it seems that every dynasty cannot escape"Win and lose"The fate of yesterday, the ornate court dance, today can be turned into a barren cemetery, such examples are not uncommon in history.
This is the law of the history of feudal dynasties, which is irreversible.
After scrutinizing it, it seems that the fall of most dynasties is related to the huge peasant uprisings, and the Qin, who once confidently dreamed of eternal life, was finally defeated by the peasant leader Chen Sheng's sentence "Princes and generals, would you rather have a kind?" ”
's bold words frightened and began the countdown to "the death of the second". The once prosperous and powerful Tang also embarked on the road of decay under the invasion of Huangchao's force.
Although the two Song Dynasty were always militarily weak and passively defensive, their economic prosperity and financial prosperity were enviable. In particular, there must be a special reason for the fact that they have stubbornly withstood more than 400 peasant uprisings of various sizes and have stood tall.
The Northern Song Dynasty lost the "Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun" and signed the Lanyuan Alliance, while the Southern Song Dynasty chose a corner of peace because they mistakenly killed their loyal minister Yue Fei, but this did not prevent them from continuing to develop their economies and maintain their financial abundance.
The Great Song Dynasty was not as good as the Manchus, and although Kangxi's extravagance in his later years made it necessary for Yongzheng to take resolute measures to loot wealth after his accession to the throne, even Cao Xueqin's grandfather was not spared.
Cao Xueqin remembers the thrilling events of that year vividly, and he skillfully wrote this history into his magnificent book, Dream of the Red Chamber.
Although the Song Dynasty was required to pay tribute to the Liao, Western Xia, and Jin states, the high development of its handicraft industry and agriculture was not affected. According to historical records, the total GDP of the Song Dynasty accounted for one-third of the world's, which shows that the Song Dynasty was economically strong.
Zhang Zeduan's famous painting "Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" vividly depicts the prosperous urban life of the Song Dynasty at that time, and also reflects the economic prosperity and prosperity of the Song Dynasty.
The so-called money can make the devil grind, and after the state finances are full, it will become much easier to deal with those rogue bandits. The resistance of the people at the bottom is often due to the difficulty of life, and eating has become a problem, and they will become bandits as a last resort.
Therefore, in the face of this peasant uprising, Song ** mostly adopted a money policy, using money to solve problems and appease the people. ”
Zhao Kuangyin, the ancestor of the Song Dynasty, was a veritable military general, who seized power from the Later Zhou Dynasty with strong military strength, and then formed the concept of "power from the barrel of a gun", which the rulers of the Song Dynasty naturally deeply understood.
However, for the arrogant and domineering Liao, Jin and other regimes, the two Song Dynasty showed an attitude of fearing the enemy like a tiger, and always did not dare to provoke easily.
Peasant uprisings in the Song Dynasty were frequent, but most of them were superficial and difficult to pose a real threat. For large-scale uprisings, the Song Dynasty also had strategies to deal with it, such as through military suppression, and then rewarding officials to achieve Zhao'an.
In the end, the Songjiang rebels not only failed to overthrow the Song Dynasty, but instead helped the Song Dynasty against the Fangla rebels.
The Song Dynasty's statecraft can be summarized as "calm first and then pacify", and through this tried and tested trick, it successfully quelled many peasant uprisings. In addition to economic prosperity, another important national policy of the Song Dynasty was to attach importance to literati.
From the historian Sima Guang to the cultural scholar Su Dongpo, and then to the reformist Confucian king Anshi, the temples of the Song Dynasty gathered many cultural scholars at the level of "doctoral supervisors", who were in the position of Zaifu and made great contributions to the development of the Song Dynasty.
It can be said that the Song Dynasty was the only dynasty in feudal history that regarded literati as treasures, which also became its uniqueness.
Take the world as their own responsibility", guarded the Great Song Dynasty with iron heart, and resolutely resisted any attempt to shake the state power. Let's defend the country together so that those saboteurs have nowhere to hide!
Despite their dissatisfaction with the country's governance, they still chose to express it in a legitimate way, or, as Wang Anshi urged the Son of Heaven to carry out a thorough reform; Or for example, Fan Zhongyan expressed his ambition in literary language, although he did not come to Yueyang Tower in person, he wrote the eternal swan song of "the worries of the world first, and the joy of the world after the world"; Or like Su Dongpo, even if he has been belittled many times, he has always spent it with optimism in adversity, and even in the desolate Hainan, he can create the world-famous "Dongpo meat" to comfort himself.
Please note that these literati doctors are all highly trained pen masters who hold the right to speak as the mouthpiece of the state, so in terms of ** orientation, they fully support the Song Dynasty, in contrast, how can those reckless villagers who lack knowledge and culture compare with these formally educated doctoral supervisors?
How to make your voice sound throughout the world without ** support? How can we fight for the justice we believe in without ** support?
In the absence of ** support, we will only become villains who are spurned by everyone, and become rebellious ministers and thieves who are condemned by everyone in the world! During the Song and Song dynasties, the Liao, Jin, Western Xia and other minority regimes in the north were greedy, and they always looked at the "fat meat" of the Song Dynasty with their eyes open, and they were extremely greedy.
This group of despicable villains who are strangely dressed, who turn their backs on benevolence, righteousness and morality, and who have lost their human etiquette, make everyone in the world gnash their teeth. They were tormented by the loss of their land and the destruction of their homeland, and they were eager to drive out the Tartars and regain their lost land.
In the 300-year history of the Great Song Dynasty, most of the common people shared weal and woe with the Song Dynasty under this spontaneous "patriotism" feeling, and regarded themselves as an indispensable part of the country.
Under the collective unconscious trend of patriotism, it is difficult for the rebel army to gain the sincere support of the general public. They are regarded as beasts of the flood, and they are in the same stream as foreign invaders, **nation**.
Therefore, without the support of the broadest masses of the people, it was difficult for all the peasant rebels to succeed.
Even though the Song Dynasty experienced one or two uprisings a year, its economy was highly developed and the truth that "money is everything" was used to the fullest.
Faced with the reality of foreign invasion and the loss of territory of the country, the people shared the same hatred and hoped that the Great Song Dynasty could regain the lost territory and revive the country's majesty. However, despite 434 uprisings, the Song dynasty still failed to achieve this goal, why is that? ”