The direction of a country's future development is often influenced by the decisions of its leaders. Just like Ukraine, which went from being a military power to what it is today, is largely due to the decisions of its second leader.
In July 1990, the Supreme Soviet of Ukraine adopted the Declaration of Independence, declaring Ukraine's determination to become independent from the Soviet Union. On August 24 of the following year, this determination became a reality.
After independence, Ukraine began to be democratic, with a prime minister and a parliament, and the revised constitution of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was used.
In July 1994, after the joint election of all Ukrainian parties, Leonid Kuchma was successfully elected as Ukraine**.
Kuchma is deeply aware of the importance of Russia to Ukraine, so he has taken a series of measures to improve Ukrainian-Russian relations, such as the signing of the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Partnership.
At the same time, he is committed to developing relations with Western countries, including partnership agreements with NATO. However, his decision to change the status quo in Ukraine by promising economic reforms during the election campaign turned out to be a big blunder of his administration.
In order to get out of Ukraine's growing economic woes and inflation, Kuchma** was determined to carry out economic reforms, but he knew that it would be difficult to solve them on his own, so he decided to seek help from the outside world.
And the United States and Western countries saw that this was an opportunity to eliminate the threat of Ukraine's nuclear **, and although they promised to provide economic assistance, they put forward conditions for abandoning nuclear **.
For the sake of the country's interests, Kuchma ultimately chose to give up nuclear ** in exchange for economic aid and security commitments. In January 1994, the agreement for the transfer of ** was signed.
However, the Ukrainian parliament proposes that the territorial integrity and *** of Ukraine can be guaranteed only after the nuclear ** leaves the country.
On December 5, 1994, the United States joined forces with France and China to ensure that Ukraine and other post-Soviet countries joined the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and officially became non-nuclear states.
As an economic support, the United States provided $200 million in aid to Ukraine. After receiving economic assistance from the United States, Ukraine, the third largest nuclear power in the world at the time, agreed to give up its nuclear power.
Despite the massive financial support and political pressure from the West, Ukraine** is still in a difficult position. The country's economic power is still controlled by a few powerful people, and the lives of the people have not improved substantially.
In order to ensure the smooth acquisition of loan commitments, the Western powers announced the official closure of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant on December 15, 2000, eight days later.
Taking advantage of this opportunity, he gave a speech in Kiev and assured the world that Ukraine would no longer pose a nuclear threat.
In this showdown after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the international community has succeeded in achieving the goal of putting security first, and at the same time, Ukraine has also benefited temporarily. However, when Leonid Kuchma, in pursuit of economic development, chose to abandon the protection of *** nuclear**, the decline of Ukraine was already inevitable.
In the process of turning abroad for help in order to solve the economic crisis, Ukraine has already foreshadowed the direction of the future, because it has not solved the problem fundamentally, which is tantamount to quenching its thirst with wine.
Leonid Kuchma understood the difficulties of life from an early age, and in 1955 he was admitted to the Faculty of Technical Physics of Dnipropetrovsk University with excellent results.
After graduating, he joined the world's largest rocket manufacturing company.
The successive failed rocket launches of the Southern Machine-Building Plant for some time attracted the attention of the General Secretary of the CPSU. This personnel change had a profound impact on Leonid Kuchma.
Leonid Kuchma was a brilliant man, and his academic achievements were nothing short of amazing. In 1991, he was elected a member of the Academy of Engineering Sciences of Ukraine, followed by the same honor in 1992.
In 1993, he was awarded the State Prize for Science and Technology of Ukraine as a result of his hard work.
In 1991, the Soviet economy struggled as the bipolar pattern of the US-Soviet confrontation collapsed, followed by the collapse of the Warsaw Pact, and the collapse of the 70-year-old Soviet empire founded by Lenin.
In this case, Ukraine** launched a referendum and successfully seceded from the USSR and became an independent and sovereign state.
After the independence of Ukraine, Kuchma, with his outstanding leadership skills and strong political convictions, successfully ran for the People's Parliament and served as a member of the National Defense and *** Committee of the Ukrainian Parliament.
After the resignation of Prime Minister Fokin, he was appointed Prime Minister of Ukraine by Kravchuk, showing excellent governing ability. In December 1993, he was elected President of the Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs of Ukraine, becoming a bright star in the Ukrainian political scene.
In July 1994, he was successfully elected to the Ukrainian government for two consecutive terms, beginning his ten-year tenure in Ukraine, where he made a significant contribution to the development and stability of Ukraine.
Ukraine, the name has a deep ethnic background, and its geographical location is of great strategic importance for both Russia and the European Union. It is located on the eastern border of Russia, bordering the countries of the European Union, and the domestic terrain is mainly plain and less mountainous.
The climate is temperate and continental, and it is rich in mineral resources. With a total area of 603,700 square kilometers, the country is the second largest country in Europe.
During World War I, Ukraine, as an important battlefield, experienced many historical trials and changes.
Ukraine was hailed in Soviet times"City of Machines"It has many heavy industries and military industries, including many machinery factories, shipyards, motor vehicle factories and heavy-duty manufacturing plants.
The existence of these facilities has made Ukraine a major scientific and technological power in the Soviet Union after Russia. In addition, Ukraine is also at the world's advanced level in the fields of aerospace, shipbuilding, machinery manufacturing, research and production of new materials, welding technology, agricultural science and technology, among which the An-225 transport aircraft is famous for its excellent performance.
Ukraine was an important base of the Soviet military industry, more than 30% of which were located in the country. In addition, the Ukrainian economy occupied a significant position in the Soviet Union, although its territorial area was only 2 percent of the entire Soviet Union7%, 18% of the population, but its GDP was 16 of the USSR5%, industrial output value accounted for 16%, and agricultural output value accounted for 225%, and the national wealth accounts for 168%。
Ukraine has a solid industrial base, a high self-sufficiency rate of consumer goods, and an abundance of agricultural products, making it an important base for the production of grain, meat and sugar.
Ukraine, a country that once belonged to the Soviet Union, is second only to Russia in terms of abundance and economic power. Although its industrial sector is not as complete as in the Russian Federation, it still has a well-developed industrial system, both light and heavy industries.
In particular, its strong ferrous metallurgy, machine building, chemical and food industries have allowed Ukraine to occupy a place on the world stage. Ukraine's non-ferrous metallurgical industry mainly produces products such as light metals and mercury, while its heavy industry, power machines, various transport vehicles, tractor and agricultural machine building and instrument manufacturing are particularly developed.
In addition, chemical enterprises produce mineral fertilizers, chemical fibers, synthetic resins and plastics, dye products and other products, which inject a strong impetus into the economic development of Ukraine.
According to statistics from 1990, Ukraine produced 23 percent of the total production of the Soviet Union5%, steel production accounted for 341%, iron production accounted for 408%, ore production accounted for 445%, non-ferrous metal finished rolled products accounted for 345%, generating 236 billion kWh, accounting for almost a fifth of the total of the Soviet Union.
These data amply testify to the strong industrial strength of Ukraine. In general, Ukraine is a country rich in products and strong industrial strength, and its well-developed industrial system and developed light and heavy industries make it occupy an important position on the world stage.
Ukraine's high-tech industries such as the atomic industry, robotics, aircraft building, shipbuilding, electron microscopes, etc., have developed steadily, and also have developed industries for household appliances, light textiles, and food processing.
This land is flat and fertile, known as the "granary of Europe", with 48.1 million hectares of agricultural land and 32.4 million hectares of cultivation, although it accounts for only 15% of the whole Soviet Union, but the agricultural output value accounts for 22% of the whole Soviet Union4%。
After the outbreak of the economic crisis in the Soviet Union, Ukraine became independent and became an absolute military superpower with great strength. Possessing a nuclear ** that surpasses that of Russia is the object of fear of European countries, and if it grows up, it may even become the biggest competitor of the United States in Eastern Europe.
Ukraine's economic situation after independence has been worrying, although during the administration of Leonid Kuchma, through the exchange of conditions received economic support from abroad, which made the economy better, but during the subsequent administrations, the economy did not improve substantially, and still showed a plummeting trend.
At the same time, Ukraine faced corruption and political problems at the beginning of its independence, and the people became close to the West and joined the European Union, and the other wanted to ally with Russia, and the two factions were incompatible.
The rapid transition from a planned economy turned out to be too big, leading to high unemployment and social chaos, with an estimated 60 percent of GDP falling by 60 percent between 1991 and 1998, and the majority of Ukrainians had to tighten their belts.
Before 1991, the Soviet-era economic model dominated Ukraine, with the state controlling industry and resources, and inhibiting the growth of private enterprises. It was not until 1996, when Leonid Kuchma introduced a new currency, the hryvnia, that the Ukrainian economy began to recover gradually.
In 2000, the annual economic growth rate reached 7 per cent. However, the outbreak of the global financial crisis in 2008 brought Ukraine's economy to a standstill once again. At this time, the International Monetary Fund provided a $16.5 billion loan in November 2008, which injected new vitality into the Ukrainian economy.
However, after the transformation of the Ukrainian economy, the rise of oligarchs and tycoons in the country, corruption is rampant, and a small number of people control the country's mineral, metal, chemical and energy resources through improper means.
The inaction of Ukraine has allowed the oligarchs to use the monopoly of interests, and the people are miserable. In addition, Ukraine's economic structure makes it vulnerable to international energy markets, and its historical alliance with Russia has allowed Russian energy to be supplied to Ukraine at low prices.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the breakdown of the alliance between Russia and Ukraine led to the fact that Russia began to supply Ukraine with market energy, which exacerbated the expansion of the Ukrainian economy.
Ukraine's position in the international community has also changed, and it is no longer seen as a scientific and technological power as it was during the period when it had nuclear **, especially after Leonid Kuchma **renounced its nuclear **.
In order to promote economic development, Ukraine has made joining the European Union the main goal of its diplomatic strategy. Finally, in December 2005, Ukraine finally gained market economy status in the European Union.