once sharply evaluated the character of **:Fierce and chic, heroic but not lacking in elegance
* It is a standard Sichuan man, and his personality is like a Sichuan pepper, enthusiastic and unrestrained, like a fire. People who are like fire are generally straight, and they can say whatever they think in their heartsThat's it, and he talks endlessly, criticizes people mercilessly, and often says that that's how he loves to shoot guns.
During the Jinggangshan period, the good atmosphere of criticism and self-criticism has begun to emerge, and it is common for the CCP to quarrel at various meetings**, who has a strong personality, once mercilessly pointed out that *** has four shortcomings at a meeting. It's just that this time Mr. Chen made a wrong conclusion, and later history proved that the "four shortcomings" of *** are actually four truths.
Of course, the criticism of *** is out of public intentions, out of responsibility for the future of the revolution, not for things and not for people. **I also understand**'s outspoken character, for the criticism, I gradually forgot about it, and the two of them worked together to make great contributions to the establishment and construction of New China.
*The first meeting with *** was at Longjiang Academy in Longshi City. At the critical juncture of the defeat of the Nanchang uprising troops, ** stepped forward and assisted ** to lead the remaining more than 800 rebel troops to the border of Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi and Hunan with great difficulty, launched the southern Hunan uprising, and led the troops to arrive at Jinggangshan and complete the division with ***. After arriving at Jinggangshan, he immediately rushed to Longjiang Academy to meet the two. After this historic meeting, the two Red Armies began to be reorganized in an orderly manner, and finally formed the Red Fourth Army, which was particularly determined to be revolutionary.
On Jinggang Mountain, he served as the party representative of the Red Fourth Army, the army commander, and the secretary of the Military CommissionThey were all one of the earliest founders of the Red Army, and a series of major decisions made by the party, government, and army at that time were studied and decided by the three of them together, and it can be said that they were their closest comrades-in-arms.
However, there are often disagreements between close comrades-in-arms.
The Red Fourth Army held a summary meeting to sum up the lessons and lessons learned from the previous battles since the founding of the Red Fourth Army, and the meeting was presided over by **. Revolution is to cross the river by feeling the stones, there are not many precedents to follow, and it is impossible for leaders to achieve perfection, and even the slightest mistake will lead to all kinds of problems. **Grieved by the losses caused by these problems, coupled with his character, so the rhetoric in the meeting was very fierce, and the outspoken criticism of *** had four shortcomings.
Jinggangshan will be a teacher.
First, the belief in Marxism-Leninism is not firm enough.
At that time,The Comintern is almost equivalent to the "Emperor Taishang" of the Communist Party of China, and many comrades in the Communist International are superstitious about the Comintern and superstitious about authority. On the other hand, Marxism-Leninism only stipulates the basic principles of the Chinese revolution, and that China's specific revolutionary methods need to be created by the Communist Party of China in the course of the revolution. This is tantamount to denying the universal applicability of Marxism-Leninism, and therefore criticizing *** for not having a firm belief in Marxism-Leninism.
Second: there is individual heroism. **I think *** is too self-sustaining and engages in personal heroism.
Third: I like to engage in a word, love to get angry, and always criticize others. This is actually an extension of Article 2.
Fourth: put forward the assertion that "without investigation, there is no voice". It is wrong to think that everyone has a voice and that it is wrong to veto the right of others to speak.
In the end, the meeting made a "serious warning" for ***, and removed him from the post of former secretary of the Red Fourth Army, and was replaced by **. He was very sad about the resolution made at the meeting, he devoted himself to the cause of the party and the revolution, but he was not understood by his comrades, and after the meeting, he immediately resigned and returned to his hometown to recuperate.
**In Jinggang Mountain.
So, are the four shortcomings proposed right or wrong? History has given an answer to this question, and history has proved that *** is not wrong, but ** wrong, the so-called four shortcomings, in fact, four truths.
Let's take some examples.
First of all, let's talk about the disadvantage: First, the belief in Marxism-Leninism is not firm enough.
In the early days of its founding, the Communist Party of China was directly led by the Comintern, and it can even be said that it was the first to look forward to the Comintern and obey its ordersThe Comintern and the yellow-haired, blue-eyed "ministers" they sent did not have an in-depth understanding of the revolutionary situation in China at all, but only copied and applied the October Revolution to the cause of the Chinese revolution.
There is nothing wrong with upholding Marxism-Leninism, but specific issues must be analyzed in detail, because Marxism-Leninism is a great revolutionary theory, but after China takes root, it is inevitable that there will be a situation in which it will not adapt to the soil and water. It is absolutely undesirable to blindly copy and copy Marxism-Leninism, which will only lead revolutionary ideas to idealism and metaphysics, and to the defeat of the revolution.
**。He saw this problem very early on, and he always advocated integrating Marxism-Leninism with the reality of the Chinese revolution. However, when the Comintern was in power, his correct ideas were considered to be insufficient in party spirit and firm in his beliefs, and he was criticized many times, such as this ** criticized him.
Not adopting the correct proposition of ***, later, brought huge losses to the Chinese revolution.
During the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" period, Wang Ming, who frantically promoted the line of the Communist International, firmly controlled the leadership through Bogu, Li De, Luo Fu and othersThe correct command of the exclusion led to a year of hard fighting and great sacrifices, but it failed to crush the enemy's offensive, but the Soviet area was gradually encroached upon by the enemy, and the CCP was forced to embark on the road of the Long March with uncertain life and death. At the beginning of the Long March, Wang Ming's dogmatism was still prevalent, and finally led to the Red Army's heavy losses, after the bloody battle of the Xiangjiang River, the Red Army was reduced from more than 80,000 to 30,000 at the beginning. Wang Ming, Bogu, Li De and others had to pay full responsibility for the sacrifice of these 50,000 revolutionary aspirants, and half of this total responsibility was entirely caused by the Comintern.
It was only after suffering such great losses that many Communists were awakened to the fact that the Comintern's policy was incompatible with the reality of the Chinese revolutionFinally, after the Zunyi Conference, the Chinese revolutionaries really matured, abandoned the influence of the Comintern, and re-embraced the leadership position. It was once said that the greatest merit was to integrate Marxism-Leninism with the reality of the Chinese revolution and to point out the road to China's victory in the revolution. Therefore, the denial of the universality of Marxism-Leninism is not a shortcoming, but a truth.
Zunyi Conference. The second drawback. **To say that there is personal heroism, to think that the revolution will fail without his leadership". At the time, there were some mistakesBut looking at the whole history, there is not the slightest exaggeration in this sentence. It was under the leadership of *** that the Chinese revolution finally moved towards victory.
In the history of the Communist Party of China, there have been many leaders. For example, Chen Duxiu, Wang Ming, Bogu and others, but,Under the leadership of these people, the Chinese revolution not only did not become stronger, but suffered heavy blows repeatedly, and on several occasions it was only one step away from the defeat of the revolution.
Chen Duxiu took the initiative to give up the leadership of the Great Revolution and ushered in a crazy big **. Wang Ming commanded Bogu from afar, which led to the failure of the fifth anti-encirclement and suppression, the Red Army suffered heavy losses, and the **Soviet area, which had been painstakingly managed, was occupied by the enemy. These two disasters almost ruined the future of the Chinese revolution.
It was not until after the Zunyi Conference, when he regained the leadership of the Party and the Red Army, that the Chinese Revolution began to truly usher in vitality and flourish. Later, Marshal *** and Marshal *** both expressed the same meaning:As long as the ideas of the first party are promoted, then the revolutionary situation will be smooth sailing and there will be great development, otherwise, the revolution will be frustrated and will usher in failure.
**。The third shortcoming, **said*** likes to engage in a word, loves to get angry, and always criticizes others. ”
This situation does exist, ** I have said:In the past, the liver was too hot, and I lost my temper at every turn, and I always felt that the truth was in my own hands.
At that time, ** was very young, young means vigorous, and as I grew older, ** was gradually reining in his personality and began to encourage everyone to speak freely and express different opinions. And there is a reason for "loving to get angry and criticize others".Seeing the innocent loss of a large number of revolutionary forces under the wrong leadership will inevitably be extremely painful, and others will be angry. If you find a problem, you don't get angry and ignore it, then you are extremely irresponsible to the revolution.
As for engaging in a word, it depends on the situation. Our party has always advocated democracy, but democracy is also a double-edged sword, and if it is used well, it can be used by pooling wisdom, and if it is not used well, it will have a negative effect. As mentioned earlier, because most people did not understand the proposition of adapting measures to local conditions, the Red Army suffered huge losses. At the same time, we must acknowledge the fact that the truth is in the hands of a few, and therefore it is not necessarily impossible to engage in a single word when necessary. Later, ** also emphasized that it is necessary to avoid being too democratic, and the democratic centralism we practice now is actually the same reason.
*。One last drawback. **Against*** raised the question "No investigation, no voice." ”
Nowadays, this sentence has become an important standard for our party's work, but when he first put forward this assertion, he was once criticized as being too overbearing and depriving others of their right to speak.
Giving everyone the opportunity to express their opinions, of course, is fine, but there are also drawbacks in the middle. If you talk about a certain job, you have come to a realistic conclusion through field research and in-depth research. But another group of people, without actual investigation, just rely on hearsay or even speculation, thinking that your conclusion is wrong, so at this time, who should you listen to? This is actually similar to the democracy mentioned in the previous article. The suggestion that there is no voice without investigation is tantamount to setting a precondition for participation in democratic discussions and preventing irresponsible nonsense.
So we see today that the four major shortcomings mentioned are not only not shortcomings, but the truthIt is with these truths that the Chinese revolution has achieved the final victory, including now, China's rapid rise is also indispensable.
*。Later, ** also realized his mistake, as the so-called watching people carry the burden is not difficult, and they bend over by themselves. **After serving as the first leader, after working for a while, I felt struggling. So, ** hurriedly wrote to ask *** to go out of the mountain, and admitted his mistake to ***.
Although he was very angry at the time, he understood his strong character and understood that it was not aimed at himself, but out of public interest, and soon the two were reconciled, and the relationship became more and more intimate
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, one day, **and** reminisced about the past at the entrance of Tiananmen Square and brought up this matter again, MaoZedong laughed and said: You are against me, and I will cooperate with you.