Soil temperature is one of the important factors of soil fertility and has a profound impact on the physical, chemical and biological processes of soils. Changes in soil temperature not only affect the growth and development of plants, but are also directly related to the activity of soil microorganisms, the transformation and release of soil nutrients, and the retention and migration of soil moisture. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand and grasp the influence of soil temperature on soil fertility to improve soil fertility and promote the sustainable development of agricultural production.
1. The influence of soil temperature on soil physical properties
Changes in soil temperature directly affect the physical properties of soils, such as soil bulk density, soil porosity, and soil structure. With the increase of soil temperature, the evaporation of water between soil particles accelerates, the bulk density of soil decreases, and the porosity increases, which is conducive to soil aeration and water permeability. At the same time, the increase of soil temperature will also promote the activity of soil microorganisms, accelerate the decomposition and mineralization of organic matter, and then improve soil structure and soil fertility.
2. Effect of soil temperature on soil chemical properties
The effect of soil temperature on soil chemical properties is mainly reflected in the transformation and release of soil nutrients. Most of the nutrients in the soil exist in an organic or insoluble inorganic state, which can be converted into an effective state that can be directly absorbed and utilized by plants through microbial decomposition and mineralization. The increase of soil temperature can promote the activity of microorganisms, accelerate the transformation and release of nutrients, and improve the availability of soil nutrients. In addition, soil temperature also affects the redox and acid-base reactions in the soil, which in turn affects the morphology and availability of soil nutrients.
3. Effects of soil temperature on soil organisms
Soil temperature is one of the key factors affecting soil microbial activity. Soil microorganisms are an important part of soil fertility, providing essential nutrients for plant growth by decomposing organic matter, fixing nitrogen, and converting phosphorus. The increase of soil temperature can promote the activity of soil microorganisms, increase their metabolic rate and biomass, thereby enhancing the biological fertility of soil. At the same time, soil temperature also affects the activity and distribution of soil fauna, which in turn affects the aeration, permeability and mixing of soil, and has an indirect impact on soil fertility.
4. The effect of soil temperature on plant growth
Soil temperature is one of the important factors affecting plant growth and development. The right range of soil temperature is essential for the growth and uptake of nutrients by plant roots. At the right soil temperature, plant roots grow faster and are better able to absorb and utilize nutrients and water in the soil. At the same time, soil temperature also affects the community structure and activity of plant rhizosphere microorganisms, which in turn affects the formation and evolution of plant rhizosphere soil fertility.
5 Soil temperature regulation and soil fertility improvement strategies
In order to improve soil fertility, effective measures need to be taken to regulate soil temperature. On the one hand, through rational tillage, planting green manure, applying organic fertilizer and other measures, the soil structure can be improved, the soil water holding capacity and heat capacity can be improved, so as to stabilize the soil temperature. On the other hand, the use of modern agricultural techniques, such as mulching and drip irrigation, can regulate soil temperature and create a suitable environment for plant growth.
In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and evaluation of soil fertility to understand the dynamic changes of soil fertility, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating targeted soil fertility improvement strategies. At the same time, we should promote scientific fertilization technology and planting mode, rationally use soil resources, and achieve sustainable improvement of soil fertility.
In summary, the influence of soil temperature on soil fertility is multifaceted, which not only affects the physical and chemical properties of soil, but also directly relates to the activity of soil organisms and the growth of plants. Therefore, we need to conduct in-depth research and understand the relationship between soil temperature and soil fertility, and take effective measures to regulate soil temperature and improve soil fertility, so as to provide strong support for the sustainable development of agricultural production.