On March 12, 1925, Sun Yat-sen, a great man, died of illness in Beijing at the age of 59. He is not only a great hero who overthrew China's 2,000-year-old feudal dynasty and established the world's best; He was also the founder of the Chinese Kuomintang and the pioneer of the democratic revolution.
He dedicated his life to the motherland and the people, was deeply respected and loved by the people, and was known as the "Father of the Nation". However, such a great man who loved the country and the people, after his death, he could only sleep in the ground, and could not let future generations admire his heroic and righteous remains.
What is the reason for this? Before answering this question, let's remember this highly admired great man, Dr. Sun Yat-sen.
Sun Yat-sen, also known as Sun Wen, was born in 1866 into a poor family in Xiangshan, Guangdong. As a young man, he accompanied his mother to his brother's house in Honolulu, where he began his Western education.
When he was growing up, the story of Hong Xiuquan's uprising deeply influenced him, making him deeply admire and admire great people such as Washington and Lincoln. When he was in middle school, he set a big ambition to grow up to be like them and save his country and people.
In the following decades, he always adhered to this great ideal, constantly learning and fighting. He led the Xinhai Revolution, overthrew the corrupt Qing Dynasty, established the Chinese People's Republic of China and the Chinese Kuomintang, and advocated the Three People's Principles and other great achievements.
While he was struggling for the New Democratic Revolution, he unfortunately suffered from liver disease. Because of his concern for the country and the people, he has been busy with state affairs and has not carried out it in time**.
When his condition deteriorated, he was forced to go to Beijing *** The results of a comprehensive examination showed that he was diagnosed with advanced liver cancer and could no longer **. Therefore, after being discharged from the hospital, he moved to live temporarily in Tieshi Hutong (now Zhang Zizhong Road) in Beijing, and started traditional Chinese medicine**, hoping to prolong his life.
However, he was already terminally ill, and even if Hua Tuo was reincarnated, it would not be able to save his life.
In his dying moments, he was still concerned about the unfinished revolutionary cause. In his will, he left a will about the country and a will about the family. With the last faint breath, he said intermittently: "Peace, struggle, save China, save the people.......""At 9:30 a.m. on March 12, 1925, the great leader Dr. Sun Yat-sen left us at the age of 59.
His passing has deeply saddened the people at home and abroad.
Sun Yat-sen's body was transported to Beijing for embalming, and in accordance with his last wishes, he hoped to be preserved in a crystal coffin for people to see. However, due to the rush of ordering the crystal coffin, the quality is not up to standard, and the effect of permanent preservation cannot be achieved, so a high-quality American-style small wooden coffin is temporarily put in.
All this is to fulfill Sun Yat-sen's dying wish to use his internal organs for medical research to reduce the suffering of the people.
Sun Yat-sen was deeply influenced by Western religion and became a ** believer, so his farewell ceremony in life was also full of Western colors. His family and devotees held a Western-style family funeral for him in the hospital, and his body was placed in a large wooden coffin with glass and then carried to Beijing's ** Park for memorial service.
During the memorial period, hundreds of thousands of people came to pay their respects, and the scene was extremely spectacular. However, according to Sun Yat-sen's last wishes, he should be buried in the Purple Mountain in Nanjing, but the construction of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum there had not yet begun, so his coffin was temporarily placed in the Biyun Temple in Xishan, Beijing.
However, this "temporary" lasted for four years.
For the past four years, Sun Yat-sen's body has been at risk of being destroyed. The source of this incident is which ill-intentioned magnate dared to touch the body of this "father of the nation"?
After Sun Yat-sen's death, the national ** he founded with his own hands fell into a state of leaderlessness. Since he did not explicitly designate ** people during his lifetime, various factions within the Kuomintang began to fight openly and secretly for power.
In this bloody battle, the direct warlord Wu Peifu and the Feng warlord Zhang Zuolin joined forces to defeat Feng Yuxiang of the Nationalist Army, and then occupied the entire North China region.
By virtue of this victory, they became empty-sighted and bold.
One day, a group of soldiers were wandering around Biyun Temple in Xishan, and they dared to speak disrespectfully in front of the statue of Sun Yat-sen, and even prepared to smash the statue with one shot. Thankfully, a quick-witted Guardian was able to stop their bad deeds in time.
However, this was only a "small temptation" by the warlords, and then they became emboldened to destroy Sun Yat-sen's body. In 1927, after the outbreak of the Northern Expedition, the Northern Expeditionary Army defeated the arrogant Wu Peifu.
As the saying goes, "lips are dead and teeth are cold", as Wu Peifu's ally, Zhang Zuolin was also threatened, so he called his generals to a meeting in Beijing to discuss how to resist the Northern Expeditionary Army.
After Zhang Zongchang suffered a defeat, in order to find a reason to excuse himself, he said to his superior, Zhang Zuolin: "The reason why the Northern Expeditionary Army was able to achieve victory was because they had Sun Yat-sen's coffin and were blessed by him.
If we want to turn things around and turn defeat into victory, the best way is to destroy Sun Yat-sen's body. This statement just hit Zhang Zuolin's sore spot. He has always believed in the theory of ghosts and gods, and hated the Northern Expeditionary Army very much, and he had long had the idea of destroying Sun Yat-sen's body, but he had not yet put it into action.
Now, hearing Zhang Zongchang's thoughts, he immediately decided to take action. However, Zhang Zongchang's son Zhang Xueliang was very angry and anxious when he learned the news. He had great respect for Sun Yat-sen and could not tolerate any harm to his body.
However, he could not dissuade his father.
He could only secretly contact Nanjing to request that Sun Yat-sen's body be transported to Nanjing, but did not receive a response. So he sent someone to inform Sun Yat-sen's wake, so that they could get ready.
When Zhang Zuolin was preparing to dispose of Sun Yat-sen's body, there was news that a group of robbers wanted to steal his body. Li Rong, the person in charge of the Biyun Temple's spiritual guard, was very anxious when he heard the news.
He immediately called a meeting of all the guardians to discuss the plan to protect Sun Yat-sen's body. After the meeting, they swore together: "We will swear to protect the body of Sun Yat-sen to the death!"”
After the meeting, Li Rong went all out to seek outside assistance, hoping to find a place where Sun Yat-sen's body could be temporarily stored. However, no matter how hard he tried, he did not receive any substantial help.
Some people are too far away to help, while others remain silent for fear of getting into trouble. Li Rong, who had no support, could only helplessly start looking for the hiding place of Sun Yat-sen's body after he could not be rescued.
To facilitate relocation and concealment, he first removed the body from the coffin, then carefully wrapped it in a cotton cloth soaked in embalming potions, and finally placed it in a brand new small American-style wooden coffin.
Despite the difficulties, Li Rong was determined to do his best to ensure that Sun Yat-sen's body was properly placed.
In the dead of night, he and the Guardian worked together to hide the wooden coffin deep in the cave of the water spring. It was not until 1928 that Zhang Zuolin was defeated and died, and Sun Yat-sen's body was moved back to Biyun Temple.
Although this thrilling was unscathed, Sun Yat-sen's body was successfully preserved. However, in the process of transportation, the body will inevitably suffer some damage. This may also be one of the reasons why Sun Yat-sen's body can only be buried deep in the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing.
In 1929, after three years, the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum was finally completed and became a symbol of the spirit of the Chinese nation. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is located on the Purple Mountain in Xuanwu District, Nanjing, which is composed of tombs, tomb roads, stele pavilions, stone steps, mourning halls and other buildings.
Its east is Linggu Temple, west is Mingjiao Mausoleum, faces Pingchuan, backs to Qingzhang, sits on beautiful landscapes, magnificent, solemn and solemn. The design scheme of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum has been tendered by the whole country and even the world, integrating Chinese and Western architectural design styles and concepts, and reflecting the inclusive and open spirit of the Chinese nation.
First of all, let's take a look at the tomb, located at an altitude of 158 meters above sea level in Zhongshan, all made of pure white granite and reinforced concrete, its shape is like an alarm bell, the top of the alarm bell symbolizes Sun Yat-sen's deathbed exhortation - "the revolution has not yet succeeded, comrades still need to continue to work hard and struggle", and the bottom symbolizes the alarm bell ringing.
Then there is the burial road, which is 480 meters long and tens of meters wide, and is lined with verdant pine trees and red cinnamon, known as "Zhuangyuan Hong". The pine tree symbolizes the eternal spirit of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, and the red cinnamon symbolizes the success of the Chinese revolution.
Finally, we came to the "wordless stele" stele pavilion, why is there no word on the stele of the great man? Originally, people believed that Sun Yat-sen had made great achievements in his life, and his achievements could not be written on the limited tablet.
It is a journey that has been remembered by history, and when you look up from below, you will see the stone steps that "cannot be seen at a glance", 392 steps, symbolizing the 392 million people of China at that time.
Why 392? Because this is an admiration for the power of the people, and it also symbolizes that although the road of revolution is long and difficult, as long as we move forward step by step, the day of victory of the revolution will come.
Finally, we came to the mourning hall. Both sides of the mourning hall are engraved with Mr. Sun Yat-sen's autograph book "Outline of the Founding of China", which is based on the Three People's Principles and embodies the spiritual quality of Mr. Sun Yat-sen's "the world is for the public".
No matter from the macro or the details, the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum shows the spirit and quality of Mr. Sun Yat-sen's patriotism and love for the people, the world for the public, and the strong and unyielding spirit. This is a respect for history, admiration for the revolution, and the inheritance of the spirit of Dr. Sun Yat-sen.
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is not only the resting place of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, but also a symbol of our national spirit.
Dr. Sun Yat-sen's wish was to bury his body in the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, and with the completion of the mausoleum, his wish was finally realized. In January 1929, the Feng'an Committee was established, and a coffin exchange ceremony was held for Sun Yat-sen's body, and the clothes were sealed in the stone pagoda of Biyun Temple as a mound for the people of Beijing to pay respects.
On May 26, the Feng'an ceremony officially began, Sun Yat-sen's coffin rose from Biyun Temple, passed through Wanshou Mountain, and arrived at the railway station for his final destination.
During the journey from Biyun Temple to the railway station, the coffin was deeply respected and reluctant to be sent off by the people along the way. When the coffin arrived at the train station, more than 300,000 people had already come to see it off.
Amid the 101 gun salute, Soong Ching-ling, Sun Ke and Chiang Kai-shek set off with the hearse. When the hearse drove past Zhongshan Avenue in Nanjing, both sides of the road were already full of people seeing them off.
The hearse finally arrived at the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, where Sun Yat-sen's relatives, friends, foreign friends, and the Nanjing funeral committee waited for a solemn burial ceremony. After a series of ceremonies, all the mourners entered the tomb in an orderly manner to pay respects to Sun Yat-sen's remains.
Soong Ching Ling then led Sun Ke and his wife to close the door of the tomb, so that the world could no longer see this great revolutionary pioneer.
In order to protect Dr. Sun Yat-sen's body from air erosion and damage, it was decided to adopt the method of burial. Although it is called burial, it does not really touch the soil.
The burial chamber is located 5 meters deep in the ground and is surrounded by brick walls and paved with a layer of hard granite. The copper coffin did not touch any soil, and there was a nanmu seat underneath.
The door of the tomb is sealed with reinforced concrete, and a stone reclining statue of Sun Yat-sen is placed on it. In this way, Dr. Sun Yat-sen's body can be protected in the best possible way, so that he can "be buried in peace".
In order to protect the remains of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, but also to avoid the recurrence of disrespectful acts, we took this action. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, although the land of China was brutally destroyed by the Japanese army, the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum was preserved under the heroic wisdom of the guardians.
Today's Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum has become a national 5A-level scenic spot, and many domestic and foreign tourists will come to visit every holiday to feel the great personality and lofty spiritual outlook of Mr. Sun Yat-sen.