When it comes to "Baylor", the first thing that comes to people's minds is that in the last years of the Qing Dynasty, in the capital, those Manchurian nobles who walked the streets and alleys with bird cages, drank tea and listened to operas, and had nothing to do all day long, just waiting for someone to call "Baylor Ye" when they were greeting.
However, at this time, the so-called "Lord Belle" was more of a title with no real power, and the number of these people was very large, as if they had become a burden and burden to the Qing Dynasty, and their role and value were not even as good as those of the various "princes" who were blindly canonized by Hong Xiuquan in the later years of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
But at the beginning of the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, especially during the post-Jin regime, it was definitely a very proud honor to be named "Baylor", which not only represented the power and status in the court, but also the concentrated embodiment of outstanding military achievements. It's just that with the gradual development of the Qing Dynasty from a minority regime in the northeast corner to a unified feudal dynasty regime, the status and value of "Baylor" have also been continuously reduced with the establishment and development of the title system, and finally became synonymous with the down-and-out clan of "rotten streets".
on the Internet).
"Baylor" is the transliteration of the word "Bo Jilie" during the Jin regime established by the Jurchens, the predecessor of the Manchurians, which represents the meaning of the high-level core ** collegial system.
Later, the word "Beyler" gradually developed into the meaning of "tribal chief", for example, Nurhachi's father-in-law, Huang Taiji's biological mother Menggu's father Yang Jiping, was called "Yehebel", and then inherited the position of Yang Jilu's leader, Menggu brother, that is, the Jintaishi who was hanged by Nurhachi, which is also called "Yehebel" in historical materials.
During this period, not only the leaders of the Jurchen tribes became "Beile", but also the leaders of the Mongolian tribes with whom they would ally also became "Beile", such as Huang Taiji's father-in-law, Mangus, the father of Empress Zhezhe of Xiaoduanwen, whose title was "Mongolian Horqin Beyler".
on the Internet).
In the court of the Later Jin, the "Belle" also has a prominent position, especially the "Four Beylers", namely the Great Belle Daishan, the Second Belle Amin, the Third Belle Mang Gurtai, and the Fourth Belle Huang Taiji, whose status is second only to Nurhachi himself, and was entrusted by Nurhachi with the responsibility of "discussing national affairs together and placing official subordinates".
"The four major Baylors are divided into monthly branches, and all the aircraft operations in the country are in charge of Zhiyue Baylor. ”As for the other ordinary "beylers", they are not obtained only through blood relations, including the sons and nephews of Nurhachi, such as Zilharang, Azig, Abatai, and Dege, as well as Nurhachi's grandsons such as Yueto, Sakhalian, and Hauge, and their "beyler" titles are all obtained through military merits. As for Bamburshan, who took refuge in Aobai in "Kangxi Dynasty", his father Tabai was also the son of Nurhachi in history, but because of his poor military achievements, the title he obtained was naturally much lower.
on the Internet).
In the sixth year of the Mandate of Heaven (1621), Nurhachi established the system of "Eight Harmony Shobel Co-governance of the State", which not only emphasized the power of "Harmony Hubelle" to participate in politics, but also determined the election method of future national leaders.
"Erba and Shuobeyler choose those who can be admonished and virtuous, and ascend to the throne. If you can't be admonished, what you do is not good, and you choose the one who is good. ”As for the composition of the "Eight Harmony Baylor", the "Four Baylors" must be among them, and the remaining "Four Little Baylors" have always been subject to different opinions. On the Internet, Azig, Dolgon, Duoduo and Zilharang are generally listed as the "Four Little Beylers", but this view is completely determined by their performance during the Huang Taiji period and even the Shunzhi Dynasty, and does not conform to the situation in the Nurhachi period.
What is certain is that the "Four Little Beylers" must be Nurhachi's sons, nephews and even grandsons, and they should also be Beylers who hold or lead the flag. If this is used as a criterion, it will be difficult for Dorgon to be selected, after all, he is not the banner master, and strictly speaking, Azig and Duoduo became banner masters after Nurhachi's death, and they are not eligible to be elected. In addition, it should also be outstanding in battle and have a certain military prestige, and except for Azig who has been on the battlefield and has made meritorious deeds, neither Dorgon nor Dodor has fought.
Therefore, among the "four little beelers", there should not be Dolgon and Duoduo, but should be chosen among the Baylors who have fought in war, such as Zilharang, Dege, Yueto, Dudu, and Azig.
on the Internet).
In the eleventh year of the Mandate of Heaven (1626), Nurhachi died, and Huang Taiji ascended to the throne of Khan under the recommendation of everyone, and Houjin officially entered the period of "the four great beylers sitting together in the south".
During this period, Daishan, Amin, and Mang Gurtai, as "elder brother Baylor", were divided into the Huang Taiji, discussed state affairs, and received congratulations together, and the Houjin regime was like the "Four Great Khans".
As a result, Huang Taiji, who was unwilling to lose power, first got rid of Amin and Mang Gurtai, and then continued to suppress Dai Shan, and finally took all the power into his own hands, truly realizing "sitting alone in the south".
In the first year of Chongde (1636), Huang Taiji changed the title of emperor in Shengjing, and changed the name of the country to "Daqing", in addition to imitating the system of the Ming Dynasty to carry out political system reform, the hereditary system of titles has also changed, "prince" and "county king" have become a new focus, and the title and title of "Baylor" have also been reduced over time.
on the Internet).
After Huang Taiji changed his title to emperor, he re-established the title system of the clan, and divided the title into nine ranks, namely: Prince Heshuo of the first class; the king of the second class of Doro; Dorobelle of the third class; Fourth-class solid mountain shellfish; fifth-class town Guogong; Sixth-class Auxiliary Prince; Seventh-class Zhenguo General; 8th Rank Auxiliary General; Ninth rank Fengguo general.
After that, after the continuous improvement and refinement of the four generations of emperors of Shunzhi, Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong, finally in the thirteenth year of Qianlong (1748), the "King James Table" was officially promulgated, and the clan titles became the fourteen ranks we are familiar with. In the forty-third year of Qianlong (1778), the title of "Iron Hat King" and the hereditary family inheritance were redetermined, and the title system of the Qing Dynasty was completely determined.
As for the title of "Baylor", it is also fixed to be called "Dorobelle", ranking third among all clan titles, and it is also a very high-level title.
on the Internet).
However, as the saying goes, "scarce is expensive".
Because the Qing Dynasty implemented the system of "descending to the lord in the next generation", compared with the previous Ming Dynasty, the number of princes, especially the clans that obtained the title of "prince", was still very small, so with the passage of time, the number of clans with "Baylor" and lower titles began to increase exponentially.
Among them, there are two main ways to produce "Baylor".
First, the emperor's canonization of the prince and the heirs of the clan gave rise to many newly promoted Baylors.
Second, according to the regulations of the Shunzhi Emperor's period, "the first son of the prince is the prince, and the remaining son is the king of the county." The first son of the county king was named the king of the county, and the remaining son was named Baylor", and since then, after continuous modifications, the number of kings has been reduced, and the canonization of lower-level titles has been increased.
As a result, the number of "Baylor" in the Qing Dynasty began to become huge, coupled with the continuous interpretation of film and television works, it also made people feel that the "Baylor" in the last years of the Qing Dynasty was already a "rotten street".
on the Internet).
At the same time, in addition to the Manchurian clans who would be given the title of "Baylor", the princes of the Mongol tribes would also be given the title of "Baylor". During the Qing Dynasty, the title rewards of Mongolian princes were also redetermined, and they were divided into six grades, namely Prince Heshuo, King Dorojun, Dorobele, Gushan Beizi, Zhenguo Gong, and Fuguo Gong; In addition, there are Taiji and Tabu Bag.
Therefore, it is not only the Manchurian clan that can be called "Baylor", but also the Mongol princes also have this title.
on the Internet).
To sum up, "Baylor" is a title with distinct Manchu and Mongolian national characteristics, and the Han regime has never had such a title and title.
In the post-Jin period, "Baylor" continued its consistent meaning of "chief", which was a symbol of status, but also a manifestation of power and status. In the Qing Dynasty, with the establishment and development of the title system, as well as the restriction and suppression of the imperial power on the clan power, "Baylor" lost its power meaning and became a simple title name, and it was only a relatively high-level title title, and did not reach the top of the title system.
With the passage of time and the restrictions on the acquisition of the titles of top-level princes and county princes in the Qing Dynasty system, the number of "Baylor" has increased, but the status has become lower and lower. **10,000 Fans Incentive Plan