Commercial kitchen, in short, refers to the back hall of a certain scale and the internal and external business of the catering establishment, also called the operation room. Because it uses a lot of fuel, and it is a combustible gas or combustible liquid, it has a greater risk of fire, so it belongs to the key part of fire fighting.
In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy and the continuous advancement of urbanization, the catering industry has also developed rapidly; According to incomplete statistics, in the life of fires, kitchen fires account for about 1 5 of the total number of fires in the country every year, causing major economic losses and personnel, the root cause of which is the lack of necessary fire protection measures, so what fire protection measures should commercial kitchens have? The author's recommendations are as follows:
OneProactive fire prevention measures(Fire protection facilities in the kitchen area):
1. Automatic fire alarm system.
Generally, it is equipped with point smoke detectors, temperature detectors, manual alarm buttons, alarm bells, etc. Kitchen stoves, hot water machine rooms, and other areas that are prone to smoke or moistureYesEquipped with temperature detectors, side dishes and cleaning (hot water may be used) areasRecommendationsEquipped with temperature detectors; Other areas are equipped with smoke detectors.
2. Automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing system.
Generally, it is equipped with a wet-automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing system, and the fire hazard level can be pressedMedium hazardilevelCompute; Among them, the stove, hot water machine room and other open flames and high-temperature operation areas are configured with operating temperaturesSprinkler (green), other areas are equipped with operating temperaturesSprinkler (red).
Indoor fire hydrant systems
It is recommended to pressTwo strandsThe water column reaches any part of the room at the same time to be configured, and the operating pressure of the water outlet of the fire hydrant should not beLess thanmpa；The front of the fire hydrant should not be piled up or obscured.
Emergency lighting and evacuation indication system
General Configuration".Decentralized power supply is not centrally controlledemergency lighting and evacuation indication systems; It should be maintained in effective operation, and there are anti-collision measures around the perimeter of the evacuation indication sign close to the ground; The power supply wiring should be arranged in the metal pipe and should not be leaked.
Combustible gas detection and alarm system
It should be configured along the natural gas pipeline through the wall and above the stove areaCombustible gas detectorsWhen the alarm is generated, it can cut off the valve of the natural gas pipeline in the same way.
Smoke prevention and exhaust system
The vertical exhaust pipe of the kitchen should take measures to prevent backflow and should set the nominal operating temperature on the branch pipefire dampers;
The exhaust pipe of the kitchen should be set up according to the fire partition, and should be in the vertical exhaust pipeConnected branchesorCrossing the floor slabwithFireproof partition wallSet the nominal operating temperature tofire dampers;
Kitchen stove fire extinguishing system,
Trigger device (ThermostatorMetals are fusibledevice) is arranged above the cooktop to detect the temperature when the operating conditions are reachedAutomaticSprinkler extinguishing.
Fire extinguishing equipment
The fire hazard level should be in accordance with:Serious dangerThe design and configuration of fire extinguishing equipment is carried out.
IIPassive fire protection measures (protective measures for the building itself).
1. The fire resistance grade of the building where the kitchen is located shall not be lower than Class II;
The kitchen stove is an open flame operation area, and the fire resistance limit should not be less than that2.00hofFireproof partition wallsSeparated from other parts, the doors and windows on the partition wall should be Class B fireproof doors and windows.
IIIFire early warning measures (configured early warning devices).
Leave people on fireEarly warning monitoring system.
The kitchen stove fire and departure early warning and monitoring system implements advanced monitoring, alarm and information transmission with the help of Internet of Things technology; Through the ** monitoring detection, the personnel leaveThe site is longeror cooktop temperatureWhen it is higher, the system will send an early warning (alarm) to remind personnel to take action or cut off the stove.
Flame-out protection device
The flame-out protection device is a safety protection device for the kitchen stove during use, and when the stove is accidentally turned off (the wind blows out, the soup is extinguished, and the ignition is unsuccessful), the device willAutomatic cut-offGas gas from the cooktopAir intake lines
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