Meet.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms] Li Yu.
Alone in the west building without a word, the moon is like a hook. Lonely Wutong deep courtyard lock Qingqiu.
Cut constantly, the reason is still messy, it is sorrowful. Don't just have a general taste in mind.
Li Yu initially ignored the government and devoted his mind to poetry, song and dance, but because he didn't care about political affairs, the already crumbling Southern Tang Dynasty became even more decadent. When Zhao Kuangyin finally came to the city, Li Yu also made a final resistance in desperation, but to no avail.
Li Yu finally surrendered and offered the jade seal, he could not do the feat of Wujiang, the overlord of Western Chu, and he could not do the bravery of Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty in later generations - martyrdom in Coal Mountain.
Li Yu's personality made him timid and afraid, he never dared to confront the Great Song Dynasty, and now he will only choose to surrender, and there is absolutely no belief that "a soldier can be killed but not humiliated", he only thinks about how to save his life. But in this way, the days of humiliation began, and it was humiliation for an emperor to be a prisoner.
The year was 975 A.D., and the Southern Tang Dynasty, which had only a short history of 38 years, came to an end.
Li Yu grew up in the hands of a woman, and his indisputable character since he was a child is destined not to have a big resistance, nor is he capable of resisting, but he expresses his heart through poetry and writing.
Li Yu's personality is "Mr. Yes" according to today's words, he has a relatively docile temper, and in the face of insults, he only forbears, and will not be irritable like thunder, or find a way to retaliate. Therefore, his lyrics reveal a lot of sorrow, but there is no expression of hatred for the enemy, and there is no heroism like "being ambitious and hungry for Hulu meat, laughing and thirsty for Hun blood".
The watershed of Li Yu's lyrics was thus formed, most of the early stage described the love between men and women, and the later period also described "love", but it was the love for the rivers and mountains, and the love for the Southern Tang Dynasty.
After the big ups and downs, Li Yu seemed to fall from heaven to hell all at once, and the contrast can be imagined. Li Yu lived a prisoner-like life, immersed in memories all day long, recalling the good days that would never return, and lamenting the tragic life now.
In the "Breaking the Array" (Mountains and Rivers in the Past Forty Years), there is a sentence "Once you are classified as a captive, your waist and temples will be consumed", the emperor who was once above 10,000 people suddenly became a prisoner, how can people be embarrassed?
The Waves and Sand Order (The Rain Murmuring Outside the Curtain) is a work that makes people cry. Especially the sentence "Luo Ji is not tolerant of the five colds", under what circumstances do you still feel cold when covered with a thick quilt? In fact, it is not the coldness of the body, but the coldness of the heart, "I don't know that I am a guest in my dream", I may be able to relive yesterday's scenery in my dream, but it is just a dream, and waking up is just more sad.
Mr. Lu Xun said: "The greatest sorrow of people is to wake up from a dream and find that there is no way out. "In the midst of extreme pain and despair, man likes to put his hopes in dreams, even if he is satisfied with his ideals in his dreams, even though he knows that it is false. But after a sweet dream, the cold reality can make people tremble.
At this time, Li Yu seemed to have experienced a breakup in love, but it was more painful than a breakup. Falling out of love, there may always be a chance to win the heart, but the capital has long fallen, and he has become the king of the country, and it is absolutely impossible to restore the country.
This song "Seeing Huan" (going up to the West Building alone without a word), although the name of the word card is Xianghuan, it expresses the despair of not being able to meet. "Go up to the west building alone without a word, the moon is like a hook", how lonely! It was not speechless, but it was full of suffering, which could not be resolved, and it was already too painful to express in words.
The high-rise building was originally intended to make people climb high and look far away, and the heart was relaxed, but the lyricist did not have such a mood at all, and was deeply stimulated. Because of climbing the tall building, the author seems to be able to see the strange flowers and jade trees of the old country, and seems to be able to smell the smell of the soil of the old capital, but everything has become the past, and everything is an illusion.
"Dushang" is carved with loneliness and loneliness, and even the accompanying moon is not round, and he can no longer reunite with the people he loves and the country he misses. This crooked moon is no longer the moon in the capital of Jinling Kingdom, and it is no longer the moon that can be seen when you look up when you have a secret meeting with Xiao Zhouhou, everything has changed. "Going up to the West Building alone without words" and "Alone without relying on the railing" are both saying that a person should not climb high and be nostalgic casually, but he can only understand it after doing so. In fact, everyone is like this, only when you are immersed in the scene, can you really understand empathy.
The lonely sycamore deep courtyard locks the clear autumn", the sky is the crooked moon, the ground is the sycamore leaves fluttering with the autumn wind, the dry and bald sycamore tree scenery is not like the past, how deserted! This is simply a portrayal of the lyricist himself. Among them, the word "lock" is used very well, locking Qingqiu and locking himself, and he has been locked in this strange and sad place for the rest of his life. On such a bleak autumn night, a lonely and miserable downcast looks at the bleak scene alone.
Cut constantly, the reason is still messy, it is sorrowful. The lyricist visualizes the sorrow, like a silk thread, which cannot be cleaned up, cannot be shaken off, and the more entangled, the more chaotic it becomes, as Li Bai said: "The water is more flowing when the knife is drawn, and the sorrow is more sorrowful when the glass is raised." "How can you not get rid of your troubles, but only make them more troubled, what kind of helplessness is this? Climbing the stairs causes nostalgia and pain, and even if you leave, the pain still lingers.
This kind of sorrow, such sorrow, not only can others not understand, but even I can't explain it clearly, so I have a different taste.
Li Yu admired indifference from the beginning, and this character led him to avoid the throne and want to live a life like idle clouds and wild cranes, so he liked freedom more than anyone else, but when he became a prisoner, he completely lost his freedom, and in the contrast between the two extremes, it would be strange if he did not show his attitude towards freedom in the words.
"Freedom" is a heartwarming word, so the poem of the Polish poet Pedolfi is remembered: "Life is precious, love is more valuable, if it is for freedom, both can be thrown away." ”
The loss of Li Yu's freedom is complete and hopeless, like a life sentence that could be killed at any moment. It's just that there is a sentimental side of his character, and his inner struggle is even stronger, and every word he wrote after the death of the country was written in blood, just like a cuckoo's sad cry, which makes people worry. If he hadn't been given death in the end, I don't know if he would have died of depression.
What Li Yu carries is a kind of pain after loss, even if he clearly sees the good side, he can only look at it and never touch it. Although his lyrics are sensational and his literary achievements are extremely high, his popular words and phrases reveal more about his own feelings, he has lost his life of drunkenness, but he rarely has the psychology of repentance and lacks the psychology of guilt for the people.
Perhaps even if Li Yu had the courage of the Qin Emperor and Han Wu, he would not be able to save the Southern Tang Dynasty, and his indifference to state affairs led him to pay the price for the loss of the country. If he runs the country wholeheartedly and cares about the people of Lebanon, even if he is defeated in the end, he can be worthy of his heart.
History is history, there are not so many maybes, if so, at least there will be one less bright star in the ancient Chinese literary world.
Poppies. Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms] Li Yu.
When is the spring flower and autumn moon? How much do you know about the past? Xiaolou had another east wind last night, so the country could not afford to look back at the moonlight.
The carved fence and jade masonry should still be there, but the face has changed. How sad can you be? It is like a river flowing eastward.
There are many stars shining on the ancient word world, Li Yu is undoubtedly a particularly bright one, and among Li Yu's many works, this "Poppy Beauty" is undoubtedly a standout, and it can be called Li Yu's most proud masterpiece. At the same time, this is also Li Yu's masterpiece, because of this catchy poem that has been handed down to this day, he finally ended his life from luxury to decadence.
In the year Li Yu was born, the Southern Tang Dynasty was officially established, the Southern Tang Dynasty survived for thirty-eight years, and Li Yu was captured at the age of thirty-eight. After three years of unbearable captive life, a glass of poisoned wine sent a generation of talented people to a dead end. Since then, a series of his works have become masterpieces.
On the Qixi Festival of that year, on a romantic night, Li Yu ushered in his forty-second birthday, and he didn't expect that this was the last birthday in his life. At that moment, the autumn breeze and the full moon were accompanied. The Emperor of Words drank and played music with his friends, temporarily forgetting his humiliating life, and was willing to release this suppressed emotion with drunkenness.
In this way, the bleak song is accompanied by the terrible autumn wind.
During the banquet, the Emperor of Words was in a complicated mood and ordered someone to sing his new work, the last lyric work in this life - "Poppy Beauty" (when is the spring flower and autumn moon). The song flows slowly, shaking the night sky of the Great Song Dynasty, and outside the window, the leaves rustle as if to accompany the new song.
And just like that, bad luck crept in. As a "prisoner", every move is undoubtedly under surveillance. At this time, Zhao Guangyi, the second emperor of the Great Song Dynasty, learned of this scene and was furious. His eyes shone with anger, and the fire seemed to be full of tentacles, extending directly to the restless Li Yu, Li Yu, who had not forgotten the past and was about to move. However, Li Yu only complained in the form of words, and never thought of recovering the country, and did not even have any capital and ability to restore the country, but Song Taizong still couldn't bear it.
The result of the reverse dragon scale is death, and only the dead can be at peace.
A glass of wine was handed to Li Yu, the cup was gorgeous, and the wine was also mellow, but the depths of the mellow fragrance were highly poisonous. At that moment, was he ecstatic in his heart that he could finally end this life of a wretch? At that moment, was he in pain in his heart, trying to save his life, but still unable to escape death?
At that moment, did he think that after the Great Zhou, they could finally meet? At that moment, did he think of Xiao Zhouhou, what will happen to this beloved woman who has been ** because of herself?
His trembling hand picked up the wine glass, his lips moved, he did not beg for mercy, he kept his dignity for himself, the wine was sad, the pain was unbearable in an instant, he fell, spitting blood in his mouth, his eyes were open, and he seemed to be looking at the old capital of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Everything went, and at this moment, he himself was going. Li Yu's legendary life of joy and sorrow ended peacefully.
From then on, Song Taizong no longer had to hear interfering voices such as "Poppy Beauty", but these voices penetrated history and were passed on to generations of people.
When is the spring flowers and autumn moon", the spring flowers and autumn moon are reminiscent of beautiful scenery, but as a captive, the more beautiful scenery is, the more it constitutes a stimulus to itself, and I would rather see a bleak scene than be deeply stimulated, so I have to ask the sky, why there are spring flowers and autumn moons, stop quickly, don't stimulate me. "How much do you know about the past", the life of the court is vivid, but now it has been completely reversed, and it can never go back to the past.
Xiaolou had another east wind last night", in a bleak place, the word "again" reminded that before I knew it, it was another year that had passed, the longing was getting stronger and stronger, the despair was getting heavier and heavier, how to endure it year by year? When will I be freed?
The old country is unbearable to look back at the moonlight", I don't want to recall, but memories always come to my heart, such a situation is really as Li Qingzhao said in later generations: "Things are people, everything is rest, and tears flow first." "Especially when I saw the bright moon, it was even more sad, and the bright moon shone in the sky over Jinling City back then.
The carved fence and jade masonry should still be there, but Zhu Yan has changed", the place where the palace lives, those buildings and those items should still be there, but they can never be owned again. The old people and things have changed, and their faces have become haggard.
A series of memories brought the lyricist's thoughts into shock, so he wrote sentences that can be called classics. "Ask how much sorrow you can have, just like a river flowing eastward", people who have read this sentence have applauded. It is amazing to compare sorrow to a river, and it is an endless river that has been flowing. The sorrow is boundless, endless, and inextricable.
Li Yu's poem can be said to have been written with all his heart, and he also paid the price of his life. In history, there is a monarch of the dead country with a similar fate to Li Yu, Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty was forced to give the throne to Cao Pi, and Cao Pi named him the Duke of Shanyang, he was very peaceful and had a good death; During the Three Kingdoms, Liu Chan of Shu entered Sima Zhao's place and was also taken prisoner, because "happy not to think of Shu" was regarded as having no ambition, and finally ended up with a good death; The last emperor of the Chen Dynasty of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Empress Chen, became a prisoner and received preferential treatment from Emperor Wen of Sui, and finally died peacefully because of peace.
These three emperors were earlier than Li Yu, and if Li Yu followed their example and kept a low profile, he might also die, but because of his personality, he couldn't bear to be suppressed, so he had nowhere to put his feelings, so he had to borrow words to express it, so that he would not be like the three emperors, and it also made him a different emperor and lyricist.
He is an honest person, and there is a real side in his character, so he does not hide what he does, in other words, he will not be tactful, he will not paralyze his husband like Gou Jian, and he will not treat the life of a captive as a happy person like Liu Chan, he is straightforward, so he expresses himself in words, and he is completely unwilling to consider the consequences.
And Li Yu's abandonment of the city and surrender shows that he cherishes life, but his words and works will bring ruin, he can't be unaware, but his expression of true feelings still prevails, and he can do anything for the sake of art. Therefore, he is a simple person, he has not thought about returning to the country, if that is the case, he will hide himself and will not openly express his sorrows. Because of his straightforwardness, his words are full of authenticity, without artificiality.
American writer Jack Hodge said, "Character determines destiny." This statement may not be absolutely true, but to a certain extent, many personalities can indeed make different destinies. Attitude towards things often determines the outcome, and for Li Yu, character determines his lyrics and the outcome of his lyrics.
Perhaps death is the best relief for Li Yu. Because of his stealing life, he lived too tired, and sang sadly every night. The heart that has been through the vicissitudes of life has been shattered.
Perhaps when he wrote "Remembering Jiangnan" (how much hatred), his heart was already broken. "How much hatred, in the dream last night, it was still like the old days of visiting the garden, the car is like a flowing water and a horse is like a dragon, and the flower moon is in the spring breeze. How many tears, stained with sleeves. There are no worries and teardrops, Feng Shengxiu blows to the moon, and there is no doubt that the intestines will be broken. Idle dreams are far away, and the south is in spring. The orchestral river on the ship is green, and the city is full of flying dust and light dust, and the flower watchers are saddened. Idle dreams are far away, and the south is in autumn. Thousands of miles of rivers and mountains are cold and twilight, the reed flowers are deep in the lonely boat, and the flute is in the moonlight building. "It is said that the fox died in the first hill, Li Yu finally went, the soul should drift to the south, he wants to continue to swim to the garden, continue to see the Fangchun ......
The greatest misfortune of humanity is the inability to choose its own destiny. Li Yu once tried to find answers from Buddhism, he also believed in Buddhism as an emperor, and even spent a lot of money to build Buddhist temples, but at that time, he was just to get a kind of sustenance.
And it was only during the three years that he was a captive that he seriously regarded Buddhism as an indispensable thing, and perhaps at that time he began to think all day long: What is the ultimate meaning of man? This was never considered when I lived a life of fine clothes and food in the past. At the moment of his death, he may have regrets, but he should also be gratified.
Each of us cannot choose our own destiny, choose our own birth, choose our own face. But we can still choose our own mindset and try to transform our destiny.
There is a story about a table with a cup and half of the water in the cup. Two people came, the first of whom sighed and said, "There is only half a glass of water left." The second man said joyfully, "There is still half a glass of water." "When you look at the problem from a different angle, there is a difference between positive and negative attitudes.
We are luckier than Li Yu, we will not encounter the tragic song of "heaven and earth" contrast like Li Yu, and there will be no ups and downs from heaven to hell, maybe Li Yu can't be optimistic in the face of humiliation, but we face the sorrow in life that is "just like a river flowing eastward", we should raise our heads and face it with a smile.