In the past 30 years, there have been a large number of guns in our country, which have even posed a threat to social order. The diversity of these guns includes endogenous gun production and foreign smuggling.
Although the current degree of civilian firearms in China is not as serious as that in the United States, due to China's vast territory and large population, the number of firearms hidden by the civilian population is still quite considerable.
Historical legacies and practical needs, as well as factors such as domestic production and foreign smuggling, have all contributed to the current situation. First of all, we must face the problem of illegal gun possession left over from before the founding of the People's Republic of China.
China's military industry has risen in the Westernization Movement in the late Qing Dynasty, and it has begun to take shape in the early years. There are Liaoning Shenyang factory in the north, Hubei Hanyang factory in the south, and several large military enterprises such as Henan Gongxian factory.
Although the technology of the domestic arsenal is not enough for the mass production of aircraft tanks, it is still capable in creating rifles and bullets. For example, the famous "Hanyang-made" rifle was mass-produced as early as 1904.
By the end of the Anti-Japanese War, its output had reached 3,500 pieces per month.
Firearms management in our country has a long history. Since the Beiyang ** and *** periods, personal possession of firearms has been tacitly tolerated. Against this background, the stock of firearms in the country has gradually increased.
In the warlord war, the Northern Expedition, the War of Resistance Against Japan, the War of Liberation, and other wars, military factories in various places produced firearms, and militia organizations also held a large number of hot weapons.
Based on the above reasons, the needs of a large number of real situations scattered throughout our country are also important factors in the management of firearms in our country. On the one hand, residents of some special areas of our country need to own guns to protect themselves; On the other hand, when China first founded the country, the living environment was treacherous, and this practical demand also prompted China to adjust the management of firearms.
China is a vast country, but the population is unevenly distributed, with the eastern and central regions being densely populated, while the western regions are sparsely populated. The Hu Huanyong Line, the dividing line from Aihui in Heilongjiang to Chongteng in Yunnan, divides the distribution of China's population into two parts.
East of the Hu Huanyong line, the population accounts for 94 of the country4%, while only 429%；And west of the Hu Huanyong line, although it occupies 57 of the country1% of the area, but the population is only 5 of the country6%。
In this sparsely populated western region, where living conditions are relatively harsh, wildlife is also a problem for residents. According to statistics, wolves attack herders in Xinjiang every year, causing them to lose thousands of livestock and tens of millions of property losses.
In 2014, Fuyun County, Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang, even had the "8.11 wolf pack attack" incident.
In the history of our country, the phenomenon of herdsmen, forest residents and ethnic minorities holding guns for self-defense in the mountainous areas of southwest China is based on the needs of survival and livelihood. At the same time, in order to deal with domestic and foreign security threats, China set up the People's Grassroots Armed Forces Department in the early days of the founding of New China, and encouraged the people to participate in the militia and reserve forces and master a certain number of firearms and bullets.
In the 60s and 70s, in the face of the threat of the puppet regime and external imperialism on the island of Taiwan, ** called on the people of the whole country to "use troops in agriculture" in order to effectively resist foreign enemies.
In that particular era, "dig deep holes, accumulate grain, prepare for war and prepare for famine for the people!" "The slogan was born out of nowhere, and it was put forward by the chairman of ***. The strategy calls on the entire country to prepare for a possible war of aggression and nuclear war.
To this end, the state has implemented the construction of large and small third lines, and relocated factories and enterprises in the east and northeast to the west. At the same time, the broad masses of the people should also conduct militarized training while producing and studying, so that once a war breaks out, they will be able to go into battle to kill the enemy, thus forming a torrent of "people's war."
Whether it is a student, a worker or a farmer, you need to be familiar with firearms** and conduct shooting training regularly. In order to popularize and improve the military literacy of the people, a popular textbook entitled "Militia Training Manual" was also issued.
The manual details how to use various ** such as rifles, anti-aircraft machine guns, 40 rocket launchers, and mines, and also teaches how to make improvised firearms.
1.During this period, in addition to the state-owned arsenals that continued to produce basic firearms, there were also many enthusiastic people who volunteered to produce guns and ammunition for the country.
However, the folk gun-making tradition of this era left a valuable foundation for the manufacture of guns and bullets for later generations. 2.In addition, smuggling from outside countries has also had an impact on our country's firearms industry.
Since China's land neighbors have a tradition of "reckless militarism," they have hoarded large quantities of military equipment in preparation for a possible war. After the end of the Cold War, with the advent of the era of peace and the difficulties of domestic finances, they cut their military spending, and not only did their military strength become wasted, but the military salaries of the soldiers were not guaranteed.
In order to solve the problems of life, many foreigners have embarked on the road of reselling. Therefore, China's northeast and southwest borders have become the "hardest hit areas" for criminal gang smuggling.
According to the statistics of the Ministry of Public Security, as early as 1994, the public security organs seized 621 illegally smuggled military guns in Guangxi and Yunnan, of which 550 were smuggled into China from China's southern neighbors, accounting for 88 percent of all guns involved in the cases.
In 1995, public security border guards in Guangxi and Yunnan cracked 99 cases of gun trafficking and seized 351 military guns and more than 300,000 rounds of military ammunition. Combined with many reasons, firearms are gradually proliferating in China's people.
What is sad is that the sharp weapons used to defend the country in the past have now become a source of danger to social order. The sword of the former protector of the country, the source of chaos in later generations. With the gradual stabilization of China's external situation, the accumulation of a large number of guns by the private sector has lost its practical needs.
In particular, after the Great Hall of the People case, the party and state leaders realized that the potential harm to social security and public safety caused by the illegal possession of firearms by the people must be taken seriously.
In 1966, there was an incident on the north side of the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, but fortunately there were no personnel. After investigation, it was found that the incident was caused by the teenager accidentally shooting a bird, and was not deliberately planned by the enemy.
However, the incident was a wake-up call for the country's leaders at the time. At that time, a reception of foreign guests was taking place in the General Assembly Hall, and if foreign guests were to be injured or frightened as a result, it would have an extremely bad impact on the diplomatic image of our country.
Therefore, after this incident, our country began to strengthen the study of gun control legislation. In May 1981, the "Measures for the Management of Firearms" and other regulations were promulgated to regulate the behavior of civilian gun ownership.
However, due to the overly general provisions of the Measures and the lack of relevant experience of the grassroots management institutions in China, they have achieved little success.
In the process of rapid development after the reform and opening up, the loopholes in China's laws and regulations have gradually been exploited by a small number of criminals, resulting in an increase in the crime rate. Among them, gun crime cases are particularly serious, reaching a peak in the 90s of the last century.
According to statistics from the Ministry of Public Security, between 1991 and 1995, there were 11,692 cases of armed crime nationwide, accounting for 66 percent of serious violent crimes3%。
In 1995, there were 6,231 cases involving firearms in China, of which 3,908 involved gun crimes, an increase of 86 over 1991 and 1994 respectively3% and 209%。
Among them, there were 457 cases of theft and robbery of firearms, and 1,866 cases of smuggling, manufacturing and selling of firearms, an increase of 14 percent over 1994.
In that era, 58 cases of extraordinarily large armed robberies were reported, accounting for 32 of the total number of robberies6%。Of these, 21 robbed banks and financial institutions, 13 robbed commercial enterprises, and 8 robbed State-owned enterprises and institutions.
The widespread possession of civilian firearms has made it more difficult for criminals to commit crimes. At that time, police officers were usually armed with pistols, the firepower of which was not enough to deter criminals.
The large number of violent cases has had a serious impact on social order, and for a while, people are panicked. Since criminals are armed with powerful guns, it is quickly becoming more difficult for the public security organs to arrest them, bringing a large number of personnel to the public security officers.
The arrest of one or two criminals often requires the use of a large number of police officers and even the mobilization of armed police units equipped with submachine guns or semi-automatic rifles.
According to 1995 data, 92 major cases of resisting arrest and assaulting political and legal officers were reported to the Ministry of Public Security nationwide, accounting for 13 percent of all gun crimes6%。
During the year, a total of 65 police officers were killed and 52 police officers were injured in the line of duty. By studying the data released by the Ministry of Public Security, we can know that in the 90s, there were many kinds of guns in many crimes, and there were multiple channels such as hunting guns, home-made guns, and smuggled guns.
First of all, criminals buy *** from residents of forest and pastoral areas for criminal purposes. In this year, the Ministry of Public Security received 561 cases of murder and robbery with firearms, and seized a total of 308 firearms, including 66 hunting rifles, including single, double-barreled and repeating shotguns, accounting for 214%。
Although China has always been cautious about the preferential treatment policy for special groups, there are still a small number of criminals who take advantage of policy loopholes to engage in illegal activities.
In recent years, the law has been continuously improved, and the regulations on the ownership of guns by herders and ethnic minorities have become stricter, and only residents who account for more than 50% of their income from animal husbandry can own guns, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty of illegal gun purchases.
In addition, many of the guns involved in the case were privately manufactured by local people. According to the data, there were 1,866 cases of manufacturing and selling firearms nationwide, an increase of 168 from the previous year.
In 139 extraordinarily large gun-making cases, the public security organs arrested a total of 353 criminals and seized 7,982 guns of various types and more than 100,000 rounds of ammunition.
1.China's three famous black gun hometowns, namely Qinghai Hualong, Guizhou Songtao, Guangxi Hepu. The imitation Type 54 "Black Star" pistol made in these places has even become the first choice of gangsters entrenched in Hong Kong and Taiwan**.
2.A large number of guns smuggled from abroad have been implicated. According to the case data and the details of the crime, ** has clearly recognized the danger of the proliferation of civilian firearms to the safety of people's lives and property and social security.
3.In order to ensure the goal of the masses to live and work in peace and contentment, China has begun a large-scale gun ban storm. The Firearms Control Act, introduced in 1996, clearly stipulates that it is illegal for ordinary people to possess, manufacture, and sell ***.
4.At the same time, public security organs and grassroots governance organizations in various localities have rapidly carried out the work of collecting and banning guns.
1.Between 1991 and 1995, 1.05 million illegal firearms were confiscated across the country. In 1996, during China's strike hard campaign, more than 700,000 firearms of various types of guns of up to 2,000 types were confiscated in just three months, including hunting rifles, all kinds of home-made black guns, and smuggled military guns.
2.From 2000 to 2014, the number of gun ownership and crime cases in the country has dropped sharply in a row, with an annual rate of 187% and 22The rate of 2% decreased.
Among them, the number of gun crimes has dropped from nearly 5,000 to more than 200. 3.Since 2015, the number of gun crimes nationwide has dropped by 42 percent compared to 14 years7%, continuing the downward trend for many years.
This is thanks to our efforts in gun banning and police reform, which have greatly improved the security situation in our country. 4.According to a 2020 Gallup survey, Malaysia ranks third in the world in terms of security, behind sparsely populated Singapore and closed and conservative Turkmenistan.
All these achievements are the result of the joint efforts of the whole society.
The gun ban movement did not happen overnight, and it will take a long period of perseverance to achieve true zero private guns. Despite the high pressure, there are still a large number of privately owned black guns, and there is a resurgence.
And **and** guns have become the main form of private guns in the people. However, the proliferation of firearms has made it imperative for gun collectors to be cautious. Although the June 2009 crackdown on 12,252 gun-related cases, 15,612 gun-related suspects and more than 412,000 guns of various types were confiscated, in fact most of these cases were illegal possession rather than violent crimes.
According to statistics, illegal possession of firearms accounts for 73% of all gun-related cases, and 78 of the more than 400,000 guns seized4% is ***
According to the Xicheng District Procuratorate in Beijing, there were nine gun-related cases in the district in the three years from 2009 to 2011, 25 percent of which involved military enthusiasts and collectors illegally possessing guns.
Most of the suspects are between 20 and 40 years old, have a higher education background, have a stable career, have no criminal record, and are considered "good youths". They were convicted for their love of military knowledge.
Since guns are banned in our country, some people have started to make and profit from *** that is difficult to detect and easy to make. In recent years, many of the suspects in illegal gun possession have been victims of the unregulated gun industry.
China has a clear definition of whether it is illegal. According to the "Regulations on Ammunition Performance Appraisal" issued by the Ministry of Public Security in 2010, if the specific kinetic energy of the muzzle of the projectile fired by the ** gun is less than 18 joules square centimeter, it will not be made**staff**, and it will not be illegal.
*The lethality is affected by a variety of factors, including the strength of the firearm's spring, the strength of the barrel material, and even the adjustment of the projectile material. All of this can lead to a gun that was originally just a "toy" becoming a "murder weapon".
For example, in the movie "The King of Guns", Leslie Cheung and Fang Zhongxin were involved in related content. Due to the lax supervision of these goods by e-commerce platforms, ordinary people can buy online with a lethality far beyond what is stipulated in the regulations.
And the number of these "private guns" flowing into the hands of criminals through the network is even more incalculable. Therefore, in March 2018, China's Supreme Procuratorate and the Supreme People's Court jointly issued a reply on the sentencing and conviction of cases involving gun crimes, clarifying the criminal responsibility and boundaries of gun crimes, constantly making up for the gaps in law enforcement, and strengthening the crackdown on gun crimes.
According to data released by the Ministry of Public Security, in the five years from 2013 to 2017, about 101 illegal firearms, including ** guns, were seized across the country20,000 bullets, as well as about 56.61 million rounds of bullets, including lead shots and steel shots.
This shows that although we have achieved some progress in banning guns, there is still a long way to go. In order to better promote the ban on guns, both the society and the whole society need to strengthen the publicity of relevant laws and regulations and the regulation of corresponding industries and distribution channels.
For military enthusiasts, in addition to researching related fields, it is also necessary to always understand and comply with laws and regulations, so as not to incur unnecessary troubles because of this.
Although the road is long, I will seek up and down to protect our homeland together. "In order to create a safe and stable order, we need to work together with the public!