Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is more common in Guangdong and Guangxi; The incidence of thyroid cancer is higher in Tianjin and Zhejiang; Prostate cancer, on the other hand, is more likely to occur in more economically developed areas.
Recently, the Chinese Journal of Oncology published an important article jointly completed by the National Cancer Center and the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. This article released the prevalence data of malignant tumors in China in 2016 in detail, and published the incidence of the top 10 malignant tumors in China.
So, what can we do in the face of such a high incidence of cancer?
We treat lung cancer, breast cancer, thyroid cancerAs an example, let's talk about how to do it wellEarly prevention and screening.
1. Lung cancer is still the number one cancer in China
Surveys show that the number of lung cancer cases is about 830,000 per year, which may be related to the high smoking rate in China. There are other modifiable risk factors, such as secondhand smoke, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, overweight or obesity, diabetes, UV exposure, and PM25 etc.
The early symptoms of lung cancer are usually insidious and atypical, and by the time the symptoms are obvious, they have often metastasized or spread.
So, when you have any of the following symptoms, be alert to the warning signs that may be lung cancer:
Cough: It can be mild, dry or severe, with varying amounts of sputum. People with long-term cough should be alert to lung cancer if they have a change in the nature of their cough, such as a change in frequency or irritating dry cough.
Hemoptysis: Men over the age of 40 who smoke have a high chance of lung cancer if they have blood, streaks of blood or small blood clots in their sputum.
Chest pain: intermittent, non-severe, dull or drilling pain in the chest that can last from minutes to hours. If the cancer has invaded the pleura, the pain is more severe, persistent, and fixed.
Fever: Male smokers over 45 years old have long-term chronic lung inflammation with fever, and those with poor results should be especially alert to the possibility of lung cancer.
Clubbing: also known as drumstick finger, it is characterized by hypertrophy of the first joint of the fingers and toes, and the nail protrusion is bent, often accompanied by pain.
Arthritis: often co-exists with clubbing. Presents with symptoms of migratory arthritis, burning pain in the elbows, knees, wrists, ankles, and metacarpoplar joints, and impaired mobility.
2. Breast cancer is the world's largest cancer
According to the latest data released by the WHO's International Agency for Research on Cancer, breast cancer has replaced lung cancer as the world's number one cancer.
In China, there are about 420,000 new cases of breast cancer every year, and the peak incidence is concentrated in the age of 45-55. But there is also a trend towards younger people, and many women have unilateral or even bilateral breasts removed at the age of 30-50, that is, in the prime of life.
1.So what are the early symptoms of breast cancer?
Breast lumps, nipple discharge, changes in breast contour, breast pain, swollen lymph nodes in the armpits, sunken breasts.
2.Regarding the frequency of screening, it is recommended:
Women before the age of 40: Have a breast ultrasound once a year, and if a problem is found, you can do a further mammography;
Women after the age of 40: Breast ultrasound examination once a year, mammography screening every two years.
If nodules are found during examination, they generally need to be rechecked every 3 to 4 months for one year, and if there is no significant change, routine screening can be resumed.
3. Thyroid cancer is a "gentle cancer" that can change the face
Thyroid cancer can be divided into 4 types: papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma.
Among them, the incidence of papillary carcinoma is relatively high, accounting for about 80%-90%. Because of its low degree of malignancy, the prognosis is generally good, and it is often called "gentle cancer".
But! Thyroid cancer can also "change face", and even "gentle" papillary cancer may become undifferentiated cancer with a high degree of malignancy. Therefore, it is still necessary to be vigilant and do a good job of regular screening.
How should I be screened?
Thyroid cancer screening is mainly based on ultrasonography. Ultrasound examination can observe the shape and size of the thyroid gland to determine whether it has diffuse enlargement and whether there are nodules in the thyroid gland.
In addition to ultrasonography, other commonly used thyroid cancer screening methods include radionuclide examination, X-ray examination, CT examination, laboratory examination, and fine-needle aspiration cytology.