Explanation of terms:R-11FM ballistic missile [R-11F 8A61 Soviet codename) -SS-N-1 SCUD-A (NATO DOD codename)].
- 11 8 61 Russian).
Refers to the Soviet R-11F missile, which is the naval version of the R-11 ballistic missile.
This is the index (military designation system) assigned to the R-11F missile.
SS-N-1 SCUD-A (English).
ss-n-1:This is the NATO code name for the R-11F missile, where "SS" stands for "ship-to-ship", "N" stands for "Navy", and "1" is the sequence number assigned by NATO.
scud-a:This is the name given by the US Department of Defense (DOD) to the R-11 missile family, where the "A" indicates the first version.
The naval version of the R-11 ballistic missile, which received the Soviet designation R-11F, the GRAU index 8 61 , the NATO designation SS-N-1, and the US Department of Defense designation SCUD-A.
The R-11 land-based (8K11) ballistic missile is on display in the center of Dnipro, Ukraine, next to the larger RT-20 and Tsyklon-3 missiles. Development began in 1953 under the code name"вол"。
by the famous Soviet rocket specialistSergey Pavlovich KorolevThe leading OKB-1 design bureau was responsible for the overall design.
Main Participants
OKB-1 Design Bureau: responsible for missiles and general design.
-16 Design Bureau : responsible for submarine design.
-885 Research Institute: responsible for missile guidance systems.
-2 88 Design Bureau : responsible for missile engines.
-34 Design Bureau: responsible for ground test benches and launchers.
-49 Research Institute: responsible for control systems.
1 Research Institute: responsible for the control system.
402 Factory: Responsible for the construction of submarines.
R&D history
January 5, 1954: A meeting of the chief designers was convened to coordinate the work on the project.
January 26, 1954: The Council of Ministers of the USSR issued Resolutions No. 136-75, approving the project of launching long-range ballistic missiles from submarines and requesting the development of technical designs for large submarines on their basis.
September 1954: Modification of the Type 611 submarine"в-611" ("вол"-611) The project was approved.
August 25, 1955: The Council of Ministers of the USSR issued Resolution 1601-892, officially launched"вол"project to develop a submarine-launched missile system.
1955: In addition to a test submarine, it was planned to build a standard submarine capable of carrying 6 missiles.
September 11, 1955: Submarine B-611 begins sea trials.
On September 16, 1955, the submarine -67 conducted its first submarine-launched ballistic missile launch test in the White Sea. Ground trials
Phase 1:InKapustin YarShooting rangeGagarin Cosmonaut Training Center(4) 3 launches are carried out on a stationary ground test bench, the structure of which is similar to a standard firing device.
Phase 2:InKapustin YarShooting Range (By34th ** Design Bureau (34) developed) of the 49 swing test bench to carry out a series of 12 flight missiles, 3 timesTest benches, 3 readiness missile launches.
Purpose:
Testing of a new missile control system.
Flight Tests:
18 missiles were prepared for submarine launch tests.
September 16, 1955:The world's first -67 SLBM launch was carried out from the B-11 SLBM submarine, which at that time was in a surface state.
Follow-up development:
June 30, 1956:The B-67 submarine joined the Soviet Navy as a training missile submarine.
2 -11 launchers.
Launch mode:Surface launch.
1958:The B-67 submarine was modified according to the Type 611.
b-67 pr.R-611FM missile emergency drop exercise on the B-11 submarine
On September 12, 1956 (according to the material **, it could also be August 18), the White Sea, the -67 nuclear submarine, the -611 project Zulu-IV, was successfully launched. Launch after 37 days of storing missiles on the submarine.
October 3, 1956, White Sea, -67 nuclear submarine, -611 project Zulu-IV |Successful launch |Launch after 82 days of storing missiles on submarines.
October 24-26, 1956 |White Sea, -67 nuclear submarines, -611 project Zulu-IV |Successful launch |Launch after 47 days of storage on the submarine.
March-May 1958 |White Sea, nuclear submarine of project 611 |Three successful launches from the surface. One launch (April 1958) was caused byIgnitionThe resulting water hammer caused one of the pipes to fail due to a poor sealAcceptance launch of the state test program.
Initially, the missiles intended for testing were produced by experimental plant No. 88 in 88. In 1955, the technical documentation for the -11 missile was forwarded to the design bureau of Plant No. 385 in Zlatoust, as well as equipment and materials for the mass production of the -11 missile.
March 11, 1955, inKorolevat the initiative,MakievAppointed general designer of the OKB-385, he previously served as the chief designer of the -11 missile. Since 1955, plant No. 385 began mass production of missiles.
On February 20, 1959, the USSR Council of Ministers Resolution No. 219-98 approved the entry into service of the first SLBM-11.
In 1967, the complex with -11 m missiles was decommissioned.
Stationary ground launch pad - for the first three launches of -11 m missiles at the Kapustin Yar range (1954).
Type 49 swinging ground test bench - for test flights of -11 m missiles at the Kapustin Yar range (1955). The test bench was developed by 34.
It simulates a level 4 sea state with a maximum deviation of 12 degrees from the vertical axis of the missile and a maximum of 4 degrees from the sway deviation.
The test bench is based on the stabilized platform of the 172-mm double-barreled universal turret unit 130 developed by the OKB-109.
In 1955, the R-49FM missile was launched from the SM-11 booth at the Kapustin Yar rangeThe Type 1372 launch system is a missile launch system for submarine launches that can be used to launch -29 -29 -29 Type 2 SLBMs. The system was designed by the 1 Ground Equipment Division and was put into service in 1974.
Launch mode:
The system is launched while the submarine is on the water.
The missile is launched from a silo inside the hull, and before launching, the launch platform is raised to a flush position with the missile.
The launch platform uses a lever-spring shock absorption system to reduce shock and vibration during launch.
Launch conditions:
Sea state: up to level 4-5.
Hull rock: max. 12 degrees.
Bow rock: max. 6 degrees.
Hull sway angular velocity: max. 9 degrees sec.
Submarine speed: up to 12 knots.
On September 16, 1955, the world's first launch belt B-67 PRR-611FM submarine-launched ballistic missile from the B-11 Zulu-IV PLRB. - 11 m ballistic missile structure.
Type:Single-stage ballistic missiles.
Features:withCarrying fuel tanks(a container used to hold fuel or oxidizer and withstand pressure and load during flight) with an aerodynamic cruciform tail.
The R-11FM rocket is designed -11 ballistic missile.
Model Number:
Design unit:
Development time:1952 year.
Power:By default, the data comes from 2253 8 511 engine.
Startup Method:Self-igniting, using starting fuel and oxidizer.
Fuel delivery method:Extruded type, using a hydraulic accumulator.
Fuel:
1 1 kerosene.
Oxidizing agent:
20 Nitric acid (20% nitrous oxide + 80% nitric acid).
Starting Fuel:
02 "тон250"(Mixture of 50% xylaniline and 50% triethylamine; 385, fuel in the first stage of testing. ）
Fuel Consumption Rate:
7.9 kg seconds.
Oxidant Consumption Rate:
30 kg seconds.
Combustion chamber pressure:
24.7 atm.
Spout pressure:
0.652 atm.
Thrust:
8260 kg (on the ground, 2.)253а）
Specific Impulse:
219 seconds (on the ground).
263 sec (in vacuum).
Working hours:
90 seconds 92 seconds (depending on data).
Schematic diagram of the 8 511 liquid-fueled rocket engineDimensions
Length: 103 meters.
Diameter: 088 meters.
Weight
Take-off weight: 5440 kg 5470 kg (according to different data).
Throwing weight: 967 kg 975 kg (according to different data).
Fuel weight: 3393 kg.
project
Missile project: 1955 year.
Firing range: standard: 150 km, test launch: 240 km.
Accuracy: 16km x 16km: 100% 8km x 8km: 70-90%.
Firing rate: 1 round in 3 minutes.
Warhead
A single warhead cannot be separated from a warhead, conventional or nuclear.
The first warhead of the 1955 project: charge: 530 kg of high-** charge.
Nuclear warhead: one of the modifications based on the warhead of the -11 missile was developed by the 1011 Research Institute.
Improved
4.7 - Underwater launch test model based on the -11 ballistic missile, using a solid rocket engine instead of a liquid-fuel engine.
Underwater launch
Since 1954, research on underwater launch missile technology has begun.
In February 1955, the Council of Ministers of the USSR issued a resolution entrusting the project of underwater launch missiles to the 10 88 Research Institute.
In October 1956, live-fire tests began in the Black Sea.
After five successful launches, "ejection" tests were carried out to test the performance of the silo rails and the reaction of the missile during its entry into the air from under water.
On December 23, 1956, the first test of an underwater launch missile was carried out from a depth of 30 meters (using an immersion test bench launch platform).
For the first time, the -11 m model projectile, which used a solid rocket engine instead of a liquid-fuel engine, was successfully launched from underwater.
In 1960, the first successful launch of the -11 m missile from a Project 611 submarine was carried out.
Launch platform
Submarine-launched ballistic missile boats of the 611-611 class (1954) - the first experimental SLBM boat in the Soviet Union, boat number -67 (Plant No. 636), for testing -11 m ballistic missiles ( -1 systems).
In January 1954, the Council of Ministers of the USSR issued a resolution to begin the development of experimental SLBM boats on the basis of the Type 16 submarines by the 16 Design Bureau.
The Type 611 submarine project was approved in September 1954.
Unfinished Project 611 submarine -67 from Leningrad through the White Sea-Baltic Canal ".Sudomekh"The shipyard (started on March 26, 1953 and launched on September 5, 1953) was transferred to Molotovsk (now Severodvinsk) and in 1954 it was rebuilt at the 402 shipyard under the Type 611 project (the first Type 611 submarine built at the 402 shipyard).
The boat began sea trials on September 11, 1955.
On September 16, 1955, the world's first submarine-launched ballistic missile launch test was successful.
On June 30, 1956, the boat joined the Soviet Navy as a training missile submarine.
The B-67 submarine, Project 611 "Zulu-IV" class, was filmed around September 1955 and docked in Severodvinsk. 
The B-67 submarine, Project 611 "Zulu-IV" class, photographed in 1957, docked in Severodvinsk.
B-67 submarine, Project 611 "Zulu-IV" class.
In 1955, in the White Sea, the R-67FM ballistic missile docked on the B-11 submarine.
In 1955, in the White Sea, the R-67FM ballistic missile was launched from the B-11 submarine. The Type 611, NATO codenamed "Zulu-V", was the first mass-produced submarine-launched ballistic missile boat (SSBN) of the Soviet Navy, based on the Type 611 submarine. The project was carried out by the 16th Directorate of the ** Design Bureau (CKB-16).
Design
The Type 611 boat is an improvement on the Type 611 boat, and its main purpose is to equip the D-1 submarine-launched ballistic missile system, which is equipped with two Type -11 ballistic missiles. The boat's missile launcher is located in the middle of the hull and uses a "wet" launch method, that is, the missile needs to be filled with water to expel the air inside the launch canister before launching.
Build
Type 611 boats of the 611 type were built between 1957 and 1958 in a total of 5 ships, of which 4 were built at the 402 shipyard (located in Severodvinsk) and 1 at the 202 shipyard (located in Vladivostok).
In service
Type 611 Type 611 boats were in service with the USSR Navy from 1958 to 1967 and were mainly deployed in the North Sea and Pacific Fleets. This type of boat was an important milestone in the development of submarine-launched ballistic missiles for the Soviet Navy, laying the foundation for the first generation of strategic nuclear submarine forces of the Soviet Navy.
Broadboard
In 1957, in Severodvinsk, the Project 611 "Whale"-class nuclear submarine -73 was undergoing sea trials. Project 611 was an experimental submarine of the USSR Navy for testing the S11 of the R-4FM ballistic missiles launched from underwaterType 7 submarine-launched ballistic missile (BRPL). The project was carried out by the 16th Directorate of the ** Design Bureau (CKB-16).
In accordance with the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of January 23, 1958, the experimental submarine -67 was modified and converted into a Type 611. The modification of the boat was carried out in September 1958 at plant No. 402 in Severodvinsk, to a relatively minor extent.
The Type 611 boat is equipped with a S4The "wet" launcher of the Type 7 SLBM.
Testing
In August 1959, the vessel conducted its first test of a submarine-launched ballistic missile launch, but it failed. The second launch test, conducted on 14 August 1960, also failed due to a defect in the water injection system of the missile well. On September 10, 1960, the boat was launched in 3A submarine-launched ballistic missile was successfully launched at a speed of 2 knots to a depth of 30 meters, and the missile flew at a distance of 125 kilometers.
67 test submarine-launched ballistic missile boats.
67 Schematic diagram of the test submarine-launched ballistic missile boat Note: Because it is a literal translation from Russian to Chinese, there are a large number of flaws in the text. Thank you for your understanding.
Project Sword