2025 Ancient Chinese Postgraduate Examination Question Bank (including Postgraduate Entrance Examination Past Questions).
Directory. Chapter 1 Evolution and Configuration Analysis of Chinese Characters.
Chapter 2 The Use of Chinese Characters and the Exploration of Word Meanings.
Chapter 3 Vocabulary and Meanings of Ancient Chinese.
Chapter 4 Inter-Word Relations in Ancient Chinese.
Chapter 5 Fundamentals of Phonology.
Chapter 6 Applications of Phonology.
Chapter 7 Substantive Terms.
Chapter 8 Fictional Words.
Chapter 9 Phrases and Sentences.
Chapter 10 Commentary on Ancient Books.
Chapter 11 General Knowledge of Reading Ancient Books.
Introduction. In order to help candidates who take the postgraduate examination with "Ancient Chinese" as (or including) "Ancient Chinese" to review and prepare for the exam, we have referred to the knowledge system of many classic textbooks of "Ancient Chinese", re-planned the chapters, selected the real questions and typical common examination questions of famous universities according to the chapters, and provided detailed answer analysis.
Content preview. Chapter 1 Evolution and Configuration Analysis of Chinese Characters.
1. Fill in the blanks.
1. Chinese character formation has "pictograms, signifiers, meanings, and shapes". In "the flowers fade and the red green apricots are small. When the swallow flies, the green water people go around the "middle:
1) There are morphophonetic characters
2) Hieroglyphs have Jinan University, 2022].
Answer] (1) Flower, faded, remnant, red, green, apricot, time, green, winding.
2) Swallow, child, fly, water, human, small.
Analysis] morphophonetic characters are: "flower" from 艸, huasheng; "Fade" from the clothes, retreat; "Remnant" from the voice, the voice; "Red" from Ito, Gongsheng; "Qing" from the birth, Dansheng; "Apricot" from wood, to (can) save sound; "Green" from Ito, recorded sound; "Around" from the system, Yao Sheng. The pictographs are: the ancient character of "swallow" is shaped like the image of a swallow, and the original meaning refers to this kind of bird; The "son" is like the head and shins of a fetus with hair; "Flying" is like stretching the neck and spreading its wings; "Water" is like the shape of water meandering and flowing; "Man" resembles a person standing upright with his side hanging down; The "small" oracle bone inscription resembles three finely fragmented grains, which were later transformed into epigrams. "Home" is a Huiyi character, the top of the oracle bone glyph is "宀", which means that it is related to the house, and the bottom is "豕", that is, pig, whose original meaning is the house, residence.
2 is a word-making method in which a symbolic symbol or a hint symbol is added to a pictogram to indicate a word.
Answer] refers to things.
Analysis] refers to one of the six books, which refers to the use of symbolic symbols or pictographs to add hints to the meaning of words. The characters created in this way are the words of things.
3 In the evolution of Chinese characters, the position is the most important, it is the watershed of ancient and modern Chinese characters.
Answer] Lishu.
Analysis] Qin Li is the turning point of the evolution from an ancient script with pictographic characteristics to a modern script without pictograms, which is of epoch-making significance in the history of the development of Chinese characters.
4. Next to the sound of "Xinjiang" is
Answer] 畺. Analysis] "Xinjiang" shape sound character, from the soil, from the bow, 畺 (jiāng, 田界) sound.
2. Multiple choice questions.
1. The "four-body" in the "four-body two-use" theory refers to ( ) Anhui Normal University, 2021].
a pictogram will be ideographic phonetic transliteration.
b pictogram refers to the pretense of events.
c pictogram refers to the transfer of things under pretense.
d pictogram refers to the meaning of things.
Answer] D Analysis] The theory of "four bodies and two uses" is the conclusion reached by the Qing Dynasty linguist Dai Zhen from his analysis of the six books of Chinese characters, and the "six books" are the six types of Chinese characters that are made and used, namely pictograms, signifiers, ideologies, shapes, sounds, transfers, and pretenses. "Four bodies" refers to the four types of word-making methods of pictogram, signifier, meaning, and shape and sound, and "two uses" are two kinds of wording, namely, transfer and borrow.
2 "Drum" is ( ).
a Hieroglyphs.
b Ideograms.
c refers to the word matter.
D-shaped phonetic characters.
Answer] D Analysis] "Drum" is a shape and sound word, from the grasp, from the 壴, 壴 also sound. "壴" means "band". "攴" means to beat. "壴" and "攴" are combined to mean "the band beats the instrument".
3. The following Chinese characters are composed of pictographic characters ( ).
a heart. b Last.
c Letters. d Ying.
Answer] A Analysis] Item B "Last" refers to the word matter. Item C: "Letter" is a word for understanding. Item D "Ying" is a phonetic character. Only item A "heart" is a pictograph.
3. Word and sentence analysis questions.
1. Please analyze the method of creating the characters in the following words, and explain the reason for the creation of the characters (write the type name first, and then list the words). [Anhui Normal University, 2021].
Han Gao Zhu wading bean street also.
Answer: (1) Cold.
How to make words: Huiyi.
Rationale for making words: The original meaning means cold, cold. "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" note: "Frozen also." From the person under the palace, with the recommendation of the subordinate, there is a servant. Juanche. That is, the "cold" in the oracle bone inscription is the side view of the house (宀); In the middle is a humanoid; The person is surrounded by four piles of grass. From this, it can be seen that its physical meaning indicates that people hide in the house, curl up on the grass, and highlight the meaning of the cold and the ground is freezing.
2) High. Word making method: pictogram.
Rationale for word creation: The original meaning refers to a high-rise building. The "high" in the oracle bone inscription is like the shape of a heavy house above and below the pavilion. "Shuowen Jie Zi" note: "Chongye." The shape of the elephant platform is high. From the mouth. Agree with the warehouse and the house. All that is high is from high. Ancient Cut. From this, it can be seen that its physical meaning means high-rise and sublime.
3) Zhu. Word-making method: refers to things.
Rationale for making words: The original meaning refers to the trunk of a tree or a red heart wood. The "zhu" in the oracle bone inscription is the pictogram of a tree: the vertical in the middle represents the trunk, the two branches that stretch up on the top represent the branches, and the two branches that extend down on the bottom represent the roots. In the middle of the trunk, there is a short horizontal that represents the red heart of the tree. "Shuowen Jie Zi" note: "Red heart wood, pine and cypress." From wood, one in it. Chapter to the end. From this, it can be seen that its physical meaning means red heart wood.
4) Wade. How to make words: Huiyi.
Rationale for making words: The original meaning refers to wading through the water. In the oracle bone inscription, there is a small river in the middle, with one foot ("stop") on one side of the river and the other foot on the other side of the river. "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" note: "In vain, the water is also strong." From the soak, from the step. From this, it can be seen that its physical meaning means to cross the river.
5) Apprentices. Word-making method: shape and sound.
Rationale for making the word: The original meaning is walking. "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" Note: Disciples, walking. From the sound of the earth, the same are cut.
6) Beans. Word making method: pictogram.
Rationale for word creation: The original meaning is a vessel for food, and it was also used as a ritual vessel in later generations. "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" explains as: "Beans, ancient carnivorous utensils." From the mouth, pictograms. All beans belong to beans. "The oracle bone inscription resembles a stilt disk, or has a lid.
7) Street. Word-making method: shape and sound.
Rationale for making words: The original meaning is the avenue of four roads. "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" note: "Four channels also." From the line of the sound of Gui. Ancient cut. ”
8) Also. Word-making method: refers to things.
Rationale for word creation: The original meaning is the armpit of a person. "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" note: "The arm of man is also." From the large, like the shape of two. All the genus is from the same. Two dots are also added next to the oracle bone glyph "large" (person) to indicate where the two armpits are.