years of recoveryWhat is the current situation of the loss of land in square kilometers?
During the clashes in the Galwan Valley on June 15, 2020, India suffered a major setback on the western border between China and India. China's preponderance in the region is largely due to our firm grip on the strategic Aksai Chin and Karakoram corridors, which are like swords hanging over India's heads, filling their nights with unease.
Aksai Chin has been in our hands since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and the vast Karakoram Corridor was smoothly returned to China in 1963 under the agreement between China and Pakistan.
The historic control of these key areas has undoubtedly added a solid barrier to our border defense.
Amazingly, Pakistan's generosity is comparable to that of a small town in Lushui County, Yunnan Province"Pitama"There is an indissoluble bond. On this year's Dragon Boat Festival, Pianma celebrated the milestone of the 61st anniversary of its return to the motherland.
Although not as global as Hong Kong's return to the motherland on July 1 or Macau's return on December 20, it is no less strategic for China, and each commemoration carries a profound historical significance.
With the end of November 1910, a harsh winter approaching at an altitude of more than 3,000 meters above sea level in the Pianma area, and the season of heavy snow covering the mountains swept through April and May, and the residents of the area were about to be in trouble with the mainland.
Two British colonels, Hertz and Flo, assembled from Myitkyina, Burma, and led an army of more than 1,000 men and more than 2,000 mules and horses to Si Dong, Burma, where they met with Lous, the British consul stationed in Tengchong, to discuss strategy.
After the Anglo-Burmese War in 1885, Burma belonged to British India, and the two countries tacitly aimed at the rich land of Yunnan. "
From 1886 to 1910, the British and Burmese armies repeatedly provoked and invaded the Savage Mountains and Jiangxinpo areas of China under various pretexts, in a vain attempt to extend the territory of British Burma to the hinterland of Yunnan.
Their strategic focus was on Pianma on the eastern side of Gaoligong Mountain, especially because there was a natural stronghold there, the Wind and Snow Yakou, which was like a key to the Gaoligong Mountain and the Nu River.
The importance of Pianma lies in the fact that once occupied, the British ** team can invade Yunnan at any time according to the situation, and for the British, this is a military important place that they are determined to win.
In fact, back then, Pianma had become a coveted place in the hearts of the British.
Ten years earlier, when a heavy snowfall had hidden the link between the border and the hinterland, the Anglo-Burmese forces had taken advantage of the opportunity to act in December 1900 along Myitkyina and Tokjiao, forcing the local tribal leaders to submit by force and cunning, and encroaching on Tengchong's Rolling Horse, Cizhu and Pairai, committing savage crimes of burning, killing and looting.
What is even more shameless is that under the guise of false peace talks, they brutally killed the local garrison Zuo Xiaochen, who had guarded Tengchong for generations. On December 29, 1910, with the reconnaissance of the advance team and the construction of roads, more than 2,000 British regular troops embarked on the march to Pianma from Tuojiao.
On January 4, 1911, this day, the Lisu and Nu villagers witnessed for the first time a large number of foreign invaders with different skin colors, and their lives were ruthlessly shattered.
At the imminent moment, the British army quickly occupied the strategic high ground and expanded its footprints to the vicinity of the fish cave and the watchhouse. They spared no effort to destroy it, even burning down the Han School, a symbol of Chinese culture and sovereignty, and expelling the teacher Jiang Guangyao.
What is speechless is that they reversed black and white in the march records and slandered Mr. Jiang for spreading "rumors" about the war. In the face of the brazen invasion of the British, Yunnan's self-defense counterattack was a righteous move.
It's a pity that the late Qing Dynasty was stormy and unable to support the remote Pianma, so he could only express his indignation through diplomatic channels.
The British, who had the advantage of the spring offensive in their own scheming, expected to easily capture Pianma when reinforcements arrived. However, they did not understand that the true meaning of territorial ownership lies in the power of unity.
Lemo was the guardian of the prosperity of Pianma, the loyal standard-bearer of the Lisu people, and the events of 1900 made him deeply aware of the evil deeds of the British army. He took over the heavy responsibility of Tusi, sat in Pianma, mobilized the people, and strengthened the defense of the militias"people"The power of the land is defended against the threat of foreign invaders.
In 1905, the British ** broke into Pianma again, attempting to demarcate the boundary with Gaoligong Mountain, and arbitrarily exerted pressure on the Qing Dynasty. Le Mo Duo led the chiefs of the tribes, and with his heroic words, he confronted the sneaky heroes and crushed their tricks.
However, anger alone is no longer enough. Despite the strategic heights occupied by the British, their familiarity with the land was like that of a blind man touching an elephant. Under the command of Lemo Snatch, cold arrows, mines, broadswords, spears, and flying stones and logs poured down from the unexpected place in the heavy snow.
Although the heavy snow blocked the reinforcements, it also trapped the British army, making it a living target. As a result, the British army failed to control Pianma as they had hoped, and instead suffered heavy human losses.
In February, 500 warriors of Liuku Tusi crossed the steep ridge and joined forces with Lemo to capture the army, and in the face of the onslaught of the British army, including a rain of arrows, mines, blockade of water sources, fire attacks, and night attacks, the British army had no place to stand in Pianma, and could only retreat to Tuojiao step by step.
Entering March, they were completely in trouble and could not continue to exist in the film. This magnificent victory in the late Qing Dynasty can be regarded as a major milestone in the resistance of the Chinese people against foreign aggression.
The Qing court took this opportunity to award Le Mo with a five-grade meritorious medal, a court dress and a flower feather to commend his outstanding military exploits. The real great contribution of Le Mo's seizure was that he made the British understand that they could not win the hearts and minds of the people of Pianma, Gulang, and Gangfang as easily as they did with the Burmese tribes, thus forcing them to formally recognize China's sovereignty declaration on April 14, 1911, which was a powerful defense of China's territorial integrity.
After the arduous road home, the Lisu, Jingpo, Yi, Bai, and Han border people in the Pianma area, as well as the Tusi of Lushui County, adhered to their duties, fought bravely, and repeatedly formed anti-British bow and arrow teams.
All walks of life in China responded enthusiastically to the heroic resistance of the people of Pianma, and they were boiling and calling on the Qing Dynasty to take action. The Yunnan business community spontaneously raised funds in an attempt to buy back and revoke the Anglo-French mining rights treaty in the seven provinces of Yunnan Province.
With the success of the Wuchang Uprising, Yunnan established the Military Governor's Office, and appointed General Li Gengen to oversee the war in western Yunnan, specializing in dealing with complex affairs against the Anglo-Burmese forces.
In the face of the counterattack of the British army, Li Gengen's colonization team fought bravely under the leadership of He Zeyuan, but at the cost of the sacrifice of the vice chairman. Since then, Pianma and the Burmese vineyards have been shrouded in the shadow of the British army, and the people have suffered humiliation, and the indomitable anti-British spirit has continued to burn for 30 years.
It was not until 1944 that the Kuomintang army regained hope in ** and set up the "Chali Border District Military and Political Commissioner's Office" in Pianma to restore sovereignty for a short time. However, in 1946, the ruthless betrayal, the British took advantage of the lack of skills of the Kuomintang to brazenly sneak attack, brutally murder the head of Wu Ruolong, and once again put Pianma under their control.
However, Britain's good fortune in Burma was coming to an end. In February 1947, Panglong in the Shan State of northern Burma witnessed a turning point in history, when the leaders of the Burmese, Shan, Kachin and Chin ethnic groups jointly signed the Panglong Agreement, working together towards independence and officially declaring their independence from the British yoke.
At that time, Pianma was still nominally within the territory of China's Kachin State, but in fact it was already under its influence. Beginning in 1926, British-educated young people from northern Burma returned to their homeland, misleading the local people into believing that "China would not be sheltered, and it would be better to belong to the British."
As a result, Kachin State threw itself into the arms of Myanmar, but only Pian Ma Sanzhai remained formally loyal to China.
At the beginning of 1948, Burma declared its independence from the British shackles, and at the same time took over the remaining problems of the border with China. At the time of the birth of the People's Republic of China, most of the China-Myanmar border had been clarified, but there were still three unresolved areas.
From the south to the north, the first was the "Kawa Mountainous Area" inhabited by the Wa people (now the northern part of the Wa State in the second special region of Shan State, Myanmar) obtained from the Kuomintang during the Anti-Japanese War and used the blockade of Yunnan-Burma transportation as a bargaining chip.
In the center, the British "leased" the century-old Nankan enclave for a paltry 1,000 rupees, covering an area of 220 square kilometres. In the north, it involves the disputed territories of Jiangxinpo and Pianma.
In these areas, although Pianma and Nankan are regarded internationally"Disputed Chinese territory"In addition, the two Wa tribal leaders of Banhong Banlao in the Kawa Mountains expressed their firm desire to return to the CCP in a letter, but most of the local residents have tacitly accepted their belonging to Myanmar.
It was in this complex situation that the 1956 Sino-Burmese territorial negotiations began. Burma's leader, U Nu, took a tough stance at the beginning of the talks, suggesting that certain strategic points could become potential military bases against China, targeting U.S. and British forces that had suffered defeat in the Korean War and were trying to strike back against China.
Myanmar's move is aimed at increasing its bargaining chips in the negotiations.
Firmly grasp the wisdom of international law, gain insight into the global political situation and the status quo controlled by all parties, and confirm after careful consideration that Myanmar's attitude towards China is essentially friendly.
Moreover, this is just the beginning, and there are a number of partners such as Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan waiting for a peace agreement on our common border. The Prime Minister clearly responded to the voices of doubt: "Our goal is to seek peaceful coexistence, not to artificially create tensions, which is clearly not good for us." ”
He stressed that the combination of historical evidence and practical considerations is a key principle for us in dealing with such issues.
The 1959 Sino-Indian border dispute was expected to be resolved peacefully, but India's arrogance gradually heated up the situation. In order to maintain regional stability and prevent Myanmar from leaning toward India, China has decided to resolve the border issue with Myanmar first amid tensions with India.
Through in-depth consultations, China and Myanmar jointly signed the China-Myanmar Boundary Treaty on October 1, 1960. This piece of land that has been adrift for 70 years, 156 square kilometers of Piangugang Sanzhai and 189 square kilometers of Banhong Banlao's territory, finally returned to the embrace of the motherland at this moment.
The remaining territories belonged to Myanmar in accordance with the treaty, ensuring harmonious coexistence between the two sides.
Today, Pianma has returned to harmony, and the peace agreement on the China-Myanmar border has not only eliminated the worries of our army about future defensive operations against India, but also immediately dispelled Pakistan's possible concerns, and cleared the way for the reconstruction of the Karakoram Corridor.
After decades of wise choices, the Pianma Sanzhai and Banhong Banlao tribes have reaped lasting and rich rewards. Standing at the time node of 2022, Pianma Town is now composed of Pianma Village, Gulang Village, Gangfang Village, and Piansihe Village, plus Jinglang Community, which has completed the baptism of socialist construction and reform and opening up, and has uniquely become the national symbol of Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture - the open door.
Although not as well-known as Hong Kong and Macau, the state has not been stingy in caring for and investing in the Pianma region. At the top of the three-thousand-meter peak, a neat cement avenue runs through the whole territory, lined with orderly residences, surrounded by a variety of shops, ** all kinds of goods.
Despite a small population of a few thousand, tens of thousands of traders and tourists flock to this treasure trove of treasures such as timber and white marble every year.
The land welcomes visitors with a natural picture of blue skies and white clouds, dense forests and deep canyons, while offering a comfortable spa resort and magnificent alpine snowscape.
Don't forget to sample the one-of-a-kind flavours such as wild mushrooms, chicken fir mushrooms, and authentic lacquer oils, which are undoubtedly a feast for the taste buds on your trip.
If Mr. Jiang Guangyao is fortunate enough to witness it, he will use his wisdom to inspire the Chinese-Burmese bilingual schoolchildren in the sacred place of the three-story teaching building standing in the central primary school of Pianma Town, against the background of yellow walls and white columns, and completely bid farewell to the bullying of the British colonizers in the past.
Here, the statue of the great Lisu hero Lemo stands in the Memorial Hall of the Victory of the Anti-British Resistance, although his last wish was not fulfilled - he could not witness the return of Pian Ma to the motherland, but his heroism and contribution will forever be recorded in history.
Next to the memorial, a 19The majestic monument of 1,114 meters, with a sword and a three-sided shield, symbolizes the feat of national unity and resistance to British aggression on January 4, 1911, and the historical chapter written by the sons and daughters of the Han, Lisu, and Jingpo ethnic groups in the Pianma area.
In the early morning of the Qingming Festival last year, the Pianma Border Police Station, together with the town party committee and the central school, gathered at the People's Anti-British Victory Monument to pay tribute to the heroes and martyrs and inherit their heroic deeds.
In the face of the challenge of the new crown epidemic, during the Dragon Boat Festival last year and this year, as the guardian of the country, Ma Wenkai, a migrant management policeman, and his team stood in tents and sentry boxes day and night at the Ziba Guoya outpost in Piansihe Village, regardless of wind and rain, cold and heat.
At the same time, the patrol team of the Bay Lawn Police Office patrolled on foot along the trails and sidewalks along the winding border line with a rigorous attitude, conducting detailed inspections of the area around each boundary pillar, and keeping a close eye on possible smuggling and illegal cross-border activities to ensure that"The situation is clear"to find and plug any security vulnerabilities at any time.
Their dedication, like the revolutionary martyrs, guards the tranquility of this land.
The leaders of the police station, Zhu Linjiang and Zhang Youqing, cooked zongzi with heart and carefully selected fruits, and this holiday care is a deep blessing to the frontline warriors. That choice 60 years ago caused the relatives on both sides of the Pianma port to go astray.
On the other side of the river, Kachin State, despite its long independence, remains mired in conflict between the Kachin and Burmese, and its rich underground treasures have failed to be transformed into a source of well-being for its people.
As a native of the guardian of Pianma, Qiao Huhua sticks to his post every festival and patrols the border with his colleagues. His loyalty and love have been translated into practical actions to protect the borders of the motherland, just so that his relatives in his hometown can enjoy the festival without worry, which is his most affectionate feedback to the motherland.