As we all know, I have been reading since I was a teenager. At that time, he worked in the fields during the day, insisted on self-study before going to bed at night, and often read under the oil lamp until late at night. In the following decades, books have always been the best companion, and he insisted on the habit of reading until the last moment of his life.
In January 1939, ** said figuratively in a speech:"With learning, it is like standing on a mountain, you can see many things far away; Without knowledge, if you walk in a dark ditch and can't find it, it will be painful. ”
In June 1959, ** spoke again about the necessity of reading:"Only by reading more books can a person broaden his knowledge ......Anyway, find a way to read more. How can you govern the country and the country without reading some books? ”
The purpose of reading is to understand the laws of the objective world, and if people want to constantly explore the world and transform the world, and to make progress, they need to read more. **When he was in Yan'an, he once educated cadres and said: "The ancients said: 'People don't know the past and the present, and the horses and cattle are robbed', that is, people don't know the past and the present, which is equivalent to cows and horses wearing clothes." ”
Cows and horses don't need to explore the world to transform the world, they don't need to progress, but people can't. Through reading, we can "understand more about the laws of the objective world and make fewer subjective mistakes." ”
If people don't read, it's like walking in the dark, and many things can't be seen, so it is inevitable to hit a wall. Of course, it doesn't mean that reading a book will be smooth sailing, but that we can see more things, make fewer mistakes and hit fewer walls, or we can adjust immediately when we hit a wall.
Reading is not only fun, but also beneficial, and it is really a career that should be pursued for life. It is not only a way to survive life, but also an attitude, an attitude of life that insists on progress and thinking.
** Throughout his life, he pursued progress, so he persevered in the cause of reading to the end. According to historical records, the last time he read a book was at 5:50 a.m. on September 8, 1976, when he was covered with rescue medical equipment, and this reading lasted for 7 minutes.
Since reading is so important, how should we read it?
**Advocate being well-read. In his youth, he wrote to his teacher:"I don't have the intention of studying a certain kind of knowledge, and I want to use the method of radiation to dabble in every door. ”
This method is very suitable for reading books, how to do it?
In 1915, 22-year-old *** wrote in a letter to a friend:"For the way of learning, first Bo and then about it, first Chinese and then Western, first ordinary and specialized. ”
From expo to simplicity, from China to the West, from ordinary to specialized, so that you will not be stumped at the beginning, and then discouraged, and wait until the amount of reading is enough, and the confidence is full, and then gradually move towards specialization.
Reading is not achieved overnight, no book can solve all doubts, as an ongoing undertaking, reading also has a process from shallow to deep, and then to deeper.
In fact, this process is also a process of readers' progress: readers are constantly revising and supplementing their own opinions, so that they become more knowledgeable, think more comprehensively, and have a more adequate understanding and grasp of the world.
Reading is a career, and this career will inevitably be frustrated because of difficulties, or stopped because of encountering external influences.
"Many of our comrades do not work hard, and some comrades mainly focus their surplus energy outside of work on playing cards, mahjong, and dancing. ”
If you are busy with work, you have to 'squeeze', and if you don't understand it, you have to 'drill', and if you use these two methods to deal with it, you will definitely win in learning. ”
In short, reading is not a simple thing, especially beginners before forming a habit and learning the method, they are often given up halfway, at this time they should think of the word "hard work", after a period of time, you can reap the joy of reading, and then reading will become a habit and become fun.
1. Rough reading and intensive reading.
**When I was in Yan'an, I once talked about my reading method: "Reading should be coarsely read to have a general impression, and then re-reading, revisiting important chapters, also called intensive reading." ”
Reading is not a repetition from beginning to end, but there are thick and fine, omitted and focused, which is a common habit of people who are good at reading, and it is also an efficient way to improve reading speed and improve reading quality.
Many people only read a book once, and after reading a book, they will have a +1 number in their "reading list", and then put it on the shelf and eat dust, proud that they have finished reading another book today.
Of course, going from "rough reading" to "intensive reading" is not about reading a book twice. Rather, after a rough reading, I have a general understanding of the author's thinking, and then take out the key nodes and study them carefully. This is actually a great test of reading skills, requiring readers to be able to outline and comprehend, keep thinking throughout the whole process, maintain dialogue with the author, and be able to grasp the key points and have a purpose.
The key is the word "thinking", but to really invest in the brain and patience, to be able to calm down and think.
After reading a book, whether you really have thoughts, thoughts, and gains, every reader actually knows it.
2. Don't use pen and ink and don't read.
**He has always admired his teacher Xu Teli's reading method of "not using pen and ink and not reading", and the books he has read are always filled with dense notes, which have his summary of the article, his experience, or his opinions.
"The work of note-taking is essential. If you don't take notes, you will have endless wonderful thoughts, all like raindrops falling into the sea, disappearing without a trace! ”
Reading a book is a process of thinking, and taking notes is the best way to help think. The simplest underlining can help us find the main point, and the notes are the depth and extension of our thinking.
Writing down your thoughts when you read a book is actually a process of clarifying your thoughts and training your writing ability.
3. Reading should be "linked to reality".
What is reading for? It is to understand the laws of the objective world so that human beings can better practice. Therefore, reading books is not a dream in an ivory tower, but is closely connected to the real world.
** In his famous article "Transforming Our Study", he said: "It seems that many comrades study Marxism-Leninism not for the needs of revolutionary practice, but for the sake of mere study. So although I read it, I couldn't digest it. ”
As for Marxist theory, it is necessary to be proficient in it and apply it, and the purpose of mastery lies in application. ”
We know that the use of allusion history can be called perfect, he can use the stories of the ancients to illustrate the news of today, and can use literary works to illustrate the essence of real life. He can see "Liao Zhai" as the historical material of the Qing Dynasty, can see diplomacy, military affairs, and organization from "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", and can see the taste of history books in "Dream of Red Mansions" ......
The secret of this lies in the fact that reading books is never about reading books in isolation, but always connecting with the real world and understanding the content of the book from the real world.
How to test whether a person's reading has achieved results? **Say, if you can explain one or two practical problems after reading it, then you should be praised, even if you have a few grades.
4. Read books and think independently.
Reading is essentially a process of thinking, but this thinking is carried out under the guidance and assistance of the author.
And many of the books we see are either bestsellers sought after by everyone, or classics left behind by the great waves of history, so many readers give up their autonomy in the process of reading, and are led by the author throughout the whole process, in Schopenhauer's words: no matter how much you read, you will only turn your brain into a racetrack for other people's thoughts.
In fact, this is the result of giving up thinking, giving up criticism, and blindly following superstition. ** Mencius is often quoted as saying, "It is better to believe in books than to have no books." "You can't blindly follow books, you must think independently, you can't give up your subjectivity and degenerate into an object at the mercy of others.
** Emphasize that reading a book requires both the courage to be bold in doubt and the courage to get to the bottom of things, but also to protect everything that is right, and as with all things, to be both brave and cautious.