In 1860, many important historical events took place.
In February, Britain and France** appointed Ergin and Gro as plenipotentiaries respectively, leading more than 15,000 LinkedIn troops and about 7,000 French troops to expand the war of aggression against China.
On March 24, the "Sakurada Gate Incident" occurred in Japan, and the Edo shogunate's eldest Ii Naobu was killed.
In April, Anglo-French forces occupied Zhoushan.
In May and June, the British army occupied Dalian Bay, and the French army occupied Yantai, blockaded Bohai Bay, and used it as an advance base for attacking Dagukou.
On October 6, the British and French invaders brazenly broke into the Qing Dynasty ** Old Summer Palace, and on October 7, they robbed countless gold and silver treasures and cultural and artistic treasures in the Old Summer Palace. Many British and French soldiers wreaked havoc on the contents of the garden, and smashed everything that could not be taken away.
On October 11, the British army invaded the Old Summer Palace again, looted it and set it on fire, which lasted for three days and three nights, and the Old Summer Palace was burned to ruins. After the British and French forces burned the Old Summer Palace, the Qing Dynasty was forced to sign an unequal treaty with Britain and France under pressure.
On October 25, Yiyi, the minister of the Qing court, and the French plenipotentiary Gro signed the Sino-French Treaty of Beijing in Beijing.
On November 14, Yiyi, the minister of the Qing court, and Ignatiev, the minister of the Qing court, signed the "Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty" in Beijing.
In addition, this year also took place the Battle of Bali Bridge, which can be called the fiercest battle of the Second Opium War. Qing army total 250,000-30,000 people, more than 8,000 British and French troops, and finally after several fierce battles, the Qing army was defeated. This war was a decisive battle between the two eras of China's thousand-year-old cavalry shock and cold-weapon melee combat and the firepower warfare with artillery as the core after the Napoleonic War and the Industrial Revolution in the West, showing that flesh and blood could not resist the invaders' new guns after all.
In general, the historical events that took place in 1860 had a profound impact on China. These events highlighted the backwardness and corruption of the Qing court, as well as the authoritarian power of Cixi, which caused great harm to China. However, we should also learn from this experience and continue to work hard to achieve the prosperity and development of our country.