As we all know, Russia is one of the world's most important exporters of energy and food crops.
However, it is difficult to think that Russia, with its vast land, produces almost 5 times more grain crops than our country.
The data shows thatRussia accounts for about 8% of the world's arable land.
And last year, the total output of grain crops in Russia was about 14.2 billion tons, of which about 66 million tons are used for export.
Compared to Russia,China's overall arable land area accounts for only about 7% of the world's total arable land, but the output of food crops is much higher than that of Russia.
What was the total production of grain crops in our country last year? In what direction will the production of grain crops in China and Russia develop in the future?
According to statistics, the total output of grain crops in China in 2023 will be about 69.5 billion tons, which is the ninth consecutive year that China's grain output has remained at 6More than 5 trillion tons.
On the Russian side, 2023 will be a bumper year for Russian agricultural production1.The output of 42 trillion tons also set a record for the second highest in the country's history.
The difference in grain crop output between China and Russia is nearly five times, but the performance in the international grain import and export market is very different.
The data shows thatLast year, China exported a total of 2.62 million tons of grain, but the amount of grain imports reached an astonishing 16.2 billion tons, which is more than Russia produces in a year.
Russia's grain exports reached nearly 66 million tons, of which wheat, barley and beans were the mainstay.
As a matter of fact, China's export of grain crops is not for the purpose of earning much foreign exchange earningsRather, it is out of the fulfillment of the responsibility to ensure international food securityAfter all, we ourselves are facing a huge shortage of food crops.
Of course, there is another problem that cannot be ignoredDifferences in the proportions of different food crops in weighing calculations.
At this stage, China's weighing rules for sweet potato grain crops are converted into grain output at a ratio of 5:1, that is to say, 50,000 tons of potatoes can be converted into 10,000 tons of grain output.
Russia's grain crops are mainly wheat, barley and beans, which are accumulated according to the actual number of catties when measured.
If the weight of sweet potato crops before conversion is included in the total grain production,Then China's grain production is probably more than 5 times higher than that of Russia.
From a macro point of view, China's grain production is much higher than that of Russia, but there will be a significant inverse gap when the actual average is per person.
The per capita distribution of food crops in our country is less than half that of Russia.
This is mainly due to the fact that Russia still has a lot of undeveloped land, and in addition, it is not lagging behind in terms of agricultural technology and production level.
Behind the grain production is actually the overall consideration of the national or regional development strategy, just like the OPEC organization will control oil production according to market changesIt is not necessary to have a lot of land resources to produce food crops.
Given Russia's current level of land resources and technology, the maximum yield of its domestic grain crops will be an astronomical figure that will amaze the world.
It's just that they don't have to, and the overproduction of food will only pull down exports**.
Agricultural production is related to the lifeblood of the country and the well-being of people's livelihoodEnsuring a reasonable supply of grain is the foundation for any sovereign country to promote the smooth operation of its domestic economy and society.
The gap between China and Russia in terms of grain crop production is closely related to the country's political, economic and people's livelihood needs.
Russia is vast and sparsely populated, and the overall consumption of grain crops is not large, compared to the problem of food security and supplyThe Russian side is obviously more concerned about the grain ** on the international market
Rational control of grain production is an important means to protect the country's agricultural economy.
With a population of more than 1.4 billion, we need to consume about 700,000 tons of food crops every day.
However, not all of these consumed food crops are eaten, butSome of them are used as industrial raw materials and artificial feed.
After all, simple food crops can no longer meet the needs of people in modern society for a variety of foods.
Looking at the differences in production models, China's agricultural production model is mainly based on professional cooperatives and enterprise industrialization operationsPay attention to the recycling of land resources.
In addition, the national policy has strict regulations on the area of cultivated land, the guarantee of agricultural materials and the application of technology, and the result is that the grain output is large and relatively stable.
The Russian agricultural production model is mainly based on collectivized agriculture and family farmingMost of the grain produced in collectivized agriculture was exported.
Russia's rigid constraints on agricultural production policy are not strong, and its domestic grain output will fluctuate greatly every year.
Of course, not only are there differences in agricultural production models, but also in the fields of agricultural technology promotion, agricultural material chain and market operation mode between China and Russia.
Another factor that should not be ignored is the peasantry, and the attitude of the peasant in China and Russia towards grain production is also very different.
Outside of the subjective factor,The difference in geographical environment between the two countries is also one of the main reasons for the large gap in food production.
There are natural main grain producing areas in the north and south of China, such as the black soil in the northeast and the land of fish and rice in Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the south, which is the basis for ensuring China's food security.
On the other hand, Russia's main domestic grain producing areas are mainIt is distributed in the low latitudes of the southwest, and most of the crops are harvested once a yearAs for the Far East, there are still large areas of undeveloped land.
Geographical location is one of the important factors that limit Russia's ability to realize its agricultural production potential.
Add to this the effects of a limited population, fierce competition in the international food export market, unstable production in family farming, and a tighter political environment.
As a direct result, it is difficult to achieve a stable increase in the yield of food crops.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the national level has been attaching great importance to the work plan of agriculture, agriculture and agriculture, and the first document will focus on the development of agriculture, agriculture and agriculture every year.
Ensuring national food security and achieving a steady increase in the quantity of basic grain crops are the basic projects to ensure the smooth operation of the economy and society.
This year's No. 1 document clearly requires that grain production be maintained at 1More than 30,000 catties, at the same timeIt is necessary to further explore new models and new channels for the high-quality development of rural industries.
On the road of comprehensively promoting the modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the country, how to broaden the channels for farmers to increase their income and get rich has become the primary issue in front of the development of rural revitalization.
In order to solve the problem of "who will farm the land", it is necessary to sort out what benefits farming can bring to farmers.
In terms of protecting the interests of farmers, the next step for the state will be:We will continue to provide policy support in terms of agricultural material subsidies, grain purchases and agricultural insuranceWe will further let the dividends of social development truly benefit farmers.
At the same time, the state will also provide assistance to rural households at the level of institutional management and scientific and technological support.
In terms of the development of the grain industry chain, the state will ensure the safety of basic rations and storageFurther encourage the development of the grain crop processing products industry
Safeguard the interests of farmers by increasing the added value of food crop products.
At the same time, all localities are also actively exploring a new path to integrate the development of food production and cultural tourism industry, that is, to ensure the growth of benefits while also playing a role in publicizing and maintaining the importance of national food security.
"Storing grain on the ground and storing grain in technology" is a major development strategy to ensure food security at the national levelI believe that many friends who hear this strategy for the first time have difficulty intuitively understanding the implications.
In fact, the core idea of this strategy is:Strictly implement the cultivated land protection system, and at the same time use scientific and technological innovation to promote the stable production and income of basic grain crops.
At this stage, China's cultivated land protection system covers the permanent farmland protection system, the compensation system for the occupation of cultivated land, and the encroachment on cultivated land prohibited by laws and orders of other countries.
The data shows thatAt present, about 10500 million acresIn the future, this number may exceed 1.5 billion mu, and China has also set a red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land protection.
The focus of grain storage is to ensure the stability of the country's grain industry with the support of science and technology.
The core of agricultural technology is to ensure the absolute safety and reliability of the development of the country's seed industry, which is all the prerequisites for ensuring national food security.
Technological innovation often runs through the whole process from seed cultivation to planting and harvesting, and high-quality breeding, pollution-free fertilizers, precision agricultural machinery and other agriculture-related materials need to be driven by technological innovation.
At present, the domestic agricultural production model is transforming from simple mechanization to informatization and intelligenceRefinement, standardization and intensification of farmland management will be the main trend of future development.
Of course, we must also be cautious about the actual impact of scientific and technological innovation on agricultural productionStep by step, develop strengths and avoid weaknesses, and maximize the positive role brought by science and technology.
Last year, Russia's grain crop output was nearly five times lower than that of our country, but its per capita grain share was more than half higher than ours.
This is mainly affected by factors such as population size, national policy guidance, agricultural production mode, and geographical location conditions.
Russia is a typical agricultural export-oriented country, and it is not necessary to pursue grain production excessively, butChina is a country with a large population and a major global grain importerEnsuring food security is all the prerequisite for promoting steady economic and social development.
The work of agriculture, agriculture and agriculture has always been the basic work that we attach great importance to.
In the process of promoting rural revitalization and focusing on agricultural and rural modernization in the future, a series of policies benefiting the high-quality development of the basic agricultural industry chain will definitely be intensively introduced.
For example, optimize the grain procurement process, strengthen the level of agricultural insurance coverage and compensation, and technical support.
"Storing grain on the ground and storing grain in technology" will be the main strategy of the state in grain production for a period of time to come.