On the eve of the "Two Sessions", a short release caused controversy: Dang Junwu, a doctor of economics and deputy director of the Research Center for Aging, said that it is necessary to completely cancel pensions, starting with the elderly; The controversy is also about retirement and pension. Socialism is a transitional stage in the form of human society, and one of its symbols includes social insurance, and its total abolition is "unconstitutional".
According to the principles of Marxism, the progressive mode of human society from low to high is as follows: primitive society, slave society, feudal society, capitalist society, socialist society, and communist society. From the analysis of the living environment of human beings, the scientific nature of the Marxist principle is not mainly based on human consciousness, but is the inevitable result of the interaction between the productive forces, the mode of production, the population, and resources.
From the practical analysis of the progressive form of human society, the social system implemented by the state is not "regular" progressively from low to high according to the above-mentioned forms. For example, most countries on the American continent may have been colonized by clans and tribes by Western countries, and the struggle for independence was not a slave state, but the United States may be an exception. China also directly entered the socialist form from a semi-feudal and semi-colonial state.
For example, according to Article 4 of the 1954 Constitution, the state relied on state organs and social forces to ensure the gradual elimination of the exploitation system and the establishment of a socialist society through socialist industrialization and socialist transformation. Article 6 of the 1982 Constitution affirms a socialist society, on the basis of which the majority of people judge the social system on the basis of ownership of the means of production.
However, from the analysis of social forms, the social security system, especially the social insurance system, should also be one of the reference bases for judging the social form, for example, social security is provided by free capital or social insurance. Many political parties in Western countries, also known as "socialist parties", promote high taxes in political life to meet the needs of high national welfare, and whether the social form of such countries can evaluate socialist society may still need to be discussed.
Article 6 of the current Constitution stipulates that the basis of the socialist economic system of the People's Republic of China is the socialist public ownership of the means of production, that is, the ownership of the whole people and the collective ownership of the working masses. According to this, public ownership of the means of production is one of the hallmarks of socialism.
Article 93 of the 1954 Constitution stipulates that workers have the right to receive material assistance in the event of old age, illness or incapacity for work, and provides for the "establishment" of social insurance, and Article 45 of the current Constitution extends the "development" of social insurance to citizens. Accordingly, social insurance is also one of the hallmarks of a socialist society.
Since the "cause" in the Constitution can be used as a reference criterion for evaluating social forms, education, natural and social sciences, medical and health care, physical education, literature and art, news, radio and television, publishing and distribution, libraries and museums and other cultural undertakings stipulated in the current Constitution are also one of the symbols of socialist society.
From a legal point of view, it should be noted that the equivalent concept of "cause" may be "non-profit", while the corresponding concept may be "profit".
In our country, the view that "the total abolition of pensions is necessary" clearly violates the provisions of article 45 of the current Constitution, that is, citizens have the right to receive material assistance from the State and society in case of old age, illness or incapacity to work. Western countries have not completely abolished pension regulations, for example, the United States still has a personal savings pension system.
From a global perspective, the model of the pension system is roughly divided into the state and society to provide the old-age, the capital to provide the old-age, especially in underdeveloped countries may still have family pension. At present, the model of family pension is rare, according to which, the essence of the debate on the retirement system is the dispute between the state and society providing pension and capital providing pension.
In traditional China, ordinary people basically provide for the elderly in the family, while in old China, people exploit people. The aristocracy is provided by the state, but the state needs to provide them with resources such as "fiefdoms", and the old China is not replaced. According to this, it is not advisable to provide for the elderly as an individual or family.
It is important to note that Western countries, especially those in continental Europe, also have social insurance systems, and other countries in Asia also have social insurance systems, such as Japan, which may have social insurance. Accordingly, in China, the model of personal pension mainly provided by capital is not desirable.
As far as the remarks of Dang Junwu, a doctor of economics, are concerned, the subject of his conclusion is not comprehensive, for example, he said in ** that there are 70-year-old people in Japan who drive taxis, but it cannot be ruled out that the elderly have pension insurance in Japan. Some of the doctor's remarks are also "to the point", such as the low pensions of farmers and ordinary workers.
As far as the doctor's remarks are concerned, the state is committed to a single-track pension system and collects pensions through taxes, and ordinary people should believe that the situation of excessive pension disparities is about to change. What the society needs to discuss is how to solve the problem of peasants' pensions of only a few hundred yuan, for example, how to attribute the income of non-state-owned land in various economic development zones, or how to minimize the number of financial supporters. In terms of whether farmers can retire, the current situation of farmers may also be related to the recommendations of other scholars.
As far as the doctor's remarks that "it is necessary to completely cancel the pension, starting with the elderly", most netizens commented that the doctor "does not have back pain when standing and talking". China's netizen is "the wisest", because the doctor has intellectual property rights, network data traffic and other benefits, even if the pension is canceled from the beginning, he can live a decent life. But what about the majority, doctor?