December 1, 2023 is the 36th "World AIDS Day", and the theme of this year's campaign is "Unite Social Forces to Fight AIDS", aiming to emphasize that AIDS is a complex social problem, and the whole society should participate together, mobilize all sectors of society to work together to fight AIDS, and protect people's health and life safety.
Through the unremitting efforts of all localities, departments and the whole society, the city's AIDS prevention and treatment work has achieved remarkable results, and the overall AIDS epidemic is at a low epidemic level, but the infection factors persist.
The main way of transmission of AIDS in our city is sexual transmission, of which gay sex transmission is the mainstay.
Take multiple measures to promote high-quality testing and screening.
In recent years, the city has continuously strengthened the construction of the network of AIDS laboratories, improved the testing strategy, and focused on the maximum detection of infected people. In 2023, six new HIV screening laboratories will be added in the city, bringing the total number of HIV screening laboratories to 114.
The Voluntary HIV Counselling and Testing Clinic (VCT Clinic) is the starting point and main position for expanding testing strategies and early detection, following the principles of voluntariness, respect, non-discrimination and confidentiality. In recent years, our city has relied on VCT outpatient clinics to promote multi-disease co-prevention. In addition to providing free counseling and testing for HIV and syphilis, CDC at all levels can provide free consultation and testing for hepatitis C, and the initial screening test is conducted anonymously. In order to improve the sensitivity of monkeypox monitoring and early warning in our city, monkeypox intervention and symptom monitoring were promoted in VCT outpatient clinics this year, and targeted health education and comprehensive intervention were carried out for key populations.
There are many benefits to discover.
Early acceptance of standardized antiviral can not only inhibit viral replication to the greatest extent, rebuild or maintain the patient's immune function, reduce or avoid the occurrence of opportunistic infection and some tumors, and prolong life, but also achieve the purpose of "prevention".
Studies have shown that the risk of sexually transmitted HIV is almost zero, and the risk of mother-to-child transmission is minimal if HIV levels in the blood of infected people remain below the lower limit of detection after an effective antiretroviral**.
Therefore, once HIV infection is detected, antiviral activation** should be initiated as soon as possible under the evaluation of a doctor, which not only benefits the infected person, but also protects the general population.
Antiviral** should be carried out under the guidance of a doctor, and blood biochemical indicators and viral load should be monitored regularly, and self-medication should not be avoided.
Dalian Public Health Clinical Center is the designated hospital for HIV/AIDS and anti-viral in our city, providing free anti-viral services to all HIV-infected people and patients living in our city under the premise of informed consent and full consultation.
The "four-in-one" innovative model has been used to carry out HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment.
With the improvement of the antiviral effect, the life expectancy of the infected has been extended, and the number of surviving infected people has been increasing.
That is, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention is responsible for technical guidance, coordination and medical follow-up, the Dalian Public Health Clinical Center is responsible for clinical **, the primary medical and health institutions are responsible for follow-up management, and the volunteer group of infected patients (Dalian Fraternity Home) provides guidance, psychological support, drug guidance and other services in designated hospitals, medical prevention coordination and integration are continuously strengthened, and the time from the diagnosis of the infected person to the first is significantly shortened, and the infected person in our city can be started within 7 days after being diagnosed**.
Internet+" intervention and testing social organizations help HIV prevention and control.
Social organizations have the advantages of easy access to special groups of people and flexible working methods, and are an indispensable force in the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS.
Our city has adopted the method of purchasing services to introduce social organizations into the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS, strengthen the coordinated participation of professional institutions and social organizations, and work together to improve the effectiveness of prevention and treatment.
Social organizations have explored the application of "Internet+" to carry out intervention and mobilization testing through the support of purchasing services and social organizations participating in HIV prevention and control projects, and carried out mobilization and testing for people with risk behaviors who are vulnerable to HIV/AIDS through online and offline publicity, outreach interventions and peer education, which has played an important role in maximizing the detection of infected people.
Focusing on youth education needs to come first.
With the economic and social development, teenagers' sexual concepts are becoming more and more open, and the development of the Internet has expanded the scope and frequency of making friends, making it more and more convenient for this group to find sexual partners.
However, adolescents are innocent, lack social experience, and have weak awareness of risk protection, so they face a high risk of infection.
Family-school-society should work together to promote education on sexual morality and HIV/AIDS among adolescents, and establish a firewall for adolescents to isolate them from HIV/AIDS.
Schools are the cradle of young people's Xi and growth, and they play an important role in the cultivation of young people's behavior Xi habits and ideological and moral construction.
Therefore, in the existing health education curriculum, schools should strengthen health education on sexual morality, sexual responsibility, rejection of unsafe sex, rejection of new drugs and other related contents according to different educational stages, so as to guide students to establish correct sexual concepts and improve their self-protection ability.
Prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS is paramount.
Unlike respiratory infections, there are only three ways to transmit HIV: sexually transmitted, blood-borne, and mother-to-child transmission.
Sexual transmission is currently the most important way of transmission of HIV, therefore, AIDS is a behavioral disease, and everyone should regulate their behavior from "I want to prevent it" to "I want to prevent it".
The main measures include: minors should refrain from having sex, and adolescents should delay their first sexual activity as much as possibleMaintain a single sexual partner and avoid sexual intercourse with multiple peopleStay away from drugs;Consistent and correct use of condoms, condoms are effective in preventing not only AIDS but also other STDs;Drug blockade within 72 hours of the occurrence of susceptible risk behaviors and prompt testing;Infected people adhere to the norms**, and patients with venereal diseases should go to regular medical institutions for diagnosis and treatment of venereal diseases in a timely manner.
"Regret medicine" is not a panacea for post-exposure prophylaxis.
Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) refers to an intervention to prevent possible HIV infection by taking antiviral drugs after a person who has not yet been infected with HIV, and the drug is best taken within 2 hours after exposure, and should not exceed 72 hours.
Dalian Public Health Clinical Center can provide post-exposure prophylaxis services, and do not self-medicate without the guidance of a doctor. It is necessary to take the medication on time every day for 28 consecutive days, and if the dose is missed, the protective effect will be reduced. Post-exposure prophylaxis is not 100% effective in avoiding HIV infection and should be combined with other precautions (condom use, etc.) to minimize the risk of HIV infection.
Cohesion and cohesion will achieve "three 95%" by 2025
In 2014, UNAIDS first put forward its vision of "ending AIDS by 2030", and in 2021, the United Nations General Assembly voted to adopt a political declaration on ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030. The declaration states that to achieve this goal, the "three 95%" needs to be achieved by 2025, that is, 95% of infected people know their infection status through testing, 95% of infected people who have been diagnosed receive antiviral**, and 95% of infected people who receive antiviral** have the virus suppressed in their bodies.
Reaching 95% is not a simple number, it has important public health implications, and only by achieving this goal will we be closer to ending the AIDS epidemic.
According to the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, it is estimated that more than 20% of people with HIV infection in China have not yet been detected, and the proportion of people with HIV infection who are detected late in recent years is still relatively high, with a national average of more than 38%.
Because AIDS is a chronic disease, many infected people have no obvious symptoms in the early stages of infection, which often leads to neglect of the disease, but by this time the HIV virus has begun to attack the immune system continuously. Late detection will not only cause infected people to miss the best time, affect the antiviral effect, lead to worsening of disease or death, increase disease and economic burden, but also cause insidious transmission of HIV. Early detection, early detection, and early detection are key to achieving this goal.
Therefore, appeal to the general public:
People who have had unsafe sex (eg, men who have sex with men, people with multiple sexual partners), share syringes for drugs, or have received unsafe blood transfusions or injections should be actively tested.
In addition, it needs to be reminded that there are still some cases in our city that have been lost after diagnosis, there are still some cases that have not been started after diagnosis**, and there are still some cases that have been interrupted**, so it is hoped that these infected people will take the initiative to contact the CDC or Municipal CDC where their current address is located, resume follow-up and start**, and get the best individualized services, here, personal privacy is strictly confidential, so don't have too many concerns.
In recent years, Dalian has adhered to the principle of prevention first, prevention and treatment combined, prevention and control according to law, and scientific prevention and control, and constantly improved the prevention and control mechanism of the first organization and leadership, the departments are responsible for their own responsibilities, and the whole society participates, gathering the strength of all parties, focusing on key and difficult problems, improving prevention and control policies and measures, and providing high-quality prevention and control services for the people throughout the life cycle.
This year, the city launched the fifth round of the national comprehensive AIDS prevention and control demonstration zone work, which will promote the comprehensive and in-depth development of prevention and control work and promote the construction of a healthy Dalian.
Collected: Zhang Lixia, a reporter from Dalian News Media Group.
Editor: Li Jinqiu.
Editor: Zhang Qiang.
Proofreader: Wang Tao.
Editor in charge: Qiu Ju.
Editor-in-Chief: Li Yuanchen.
Producer: Mu Jun, Song Wei.