What are the medicinal properties of coltsfoot?
Coltsfoot of the Asteraceae plant coltsfoot tussilago farfara LThe dried flower buds are also known as winter flowers, bee fighting vegetables, mugwort flowers, ninety-nine flowers, etc. Coltsfoot flowers have a pungent and warm taste, and have the effect of moistening the lungs and qi, dissolving phlegm and relieving cough. It is mainly used for the treatment of cough, wheezing, hemoptysis due to exertion, etc.
How to select and prepare the land according to the growth habits of coltsfoot flowers?
Coltsfoot flowers like cool and humid environment, resistant to severe cold, more shade-resistant, avoid high temperature and drought, and should be cultivated in semi-shady slopes in mountainous areas above 800m above sea level. Seedlings can emerge at temperatures above 9, suitable growth temperature 16 24, more than 36 will wither and die, 3 August vegetative growth, coltsfoot buds begin to differentiate from September, flower buds form after October, flower stems unearthed in February the following year, flowering and fruiting. It is advisable to choose a sandy loam soil that is half shaded and half yang, moist and contains rich humus. After the harvest of the previous crop, 1500kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is sprinkled per mu, and then it is deeply turned, and the width of the cake is 13m, 20cm high furrow, open drainage ditches around it.
How do coltsfoot flowers reproduce?
The asexual propagation method is mostly used in the cultivation of butterbur, and the sexual propagation is rarely used in production due to the poor seed maturity and long growth time.
1) Asexual reproduction with rhizomes. In late autumn and early winter, choose thick rhizomes with many flowers and white colors without pests and diseases for planting, and old rhizomes and white and slender rhizomes are not suitable for propagation materials. The planting period is divided into spring planting and winter planting. Spring planting seedlings can be harvested in the winter of the previous year, the rhizomes of the planting will be buried in the soil for storage, can also be stored indoors or cellars, the pile should be spread on the ground first a layer of moist fine sand, and then put a layer of rhizomes and then spread a layer of fine sand, so stacked to 33cm high, it can be covered with straw mats or thatch, and the cellar mouth should be higher than the ground;Winter planting is combined with harvesting flowers to dig up rhizomes, and planting with digging. Spring planting is carried out from early February to late March, and winter planting is carried out from early October to early November. Before planting, the selected rhizome was cut into 10 13 cm segments, and 2 3 bud buds were retained in each segment. On the neat furrow surface, according to the row spacing of 33cm, the hole spacing is 23 27cm, open 8 10cm deep holes, plant 3 sections of each hole, put them into a triangle, and then cover the soil and fill it, and suppress it appropriately. The planting amount per mu is 30 40kg.
2) Sexual reproduction
Seed collection: When the seeds are ripe, the fruit is plucked, wrapped in paper, dried in the sun, rubbed off the crown hair, and used for seeding. Seedling: The mature seeds harvested in the spring are evenly sown on the prepared furrow, and then covered with a thin layer of fine soil, and then covered with a layer of artemisia grass. Seedlings emerge after about a week. Transplanting: Transplanting is carried out in late autumn and early winter or early spring of the following year after the soil has thawed.
The production of the last winter flowers is mostly propagated by underground rhizomes. After harvesting the flower buds in late autumn and early winter, dig up the underground rhizomes, select new rhizomes that grow stout, white in color, free of diseases and pests, and cut them into 10 12 cm long root segments, each with at least 2 3 buds. If planted in early winter, it can be planted as it is dug up, and if it is planted in early spring of the following year, the roots must be stored indoors or outdoors. The method is to first lay 1 layer of moist clean river sand on the bottom layer, and then spread 1 layer of seed roots on the top, so that several layers are stacked in phases;The pile is about 30cm high and covered with straw and straw curtains. During the period of layered storage, it should be checked frequently, and if it is found that the pile is hot or prematurely germinated, it should be turned over in time.
How to plant coltsfoot flowers?
Coltsfoot flowers are more likely to be planted in early winter or early spring after thawing.
1) Hole planting on the neat furrow surface, according to the row spacing of 25 30cm, plant spacing 15 20cm digging holes, 8 10cm deep, each hole planting seedlings 3 sections, placed into a triangle, immediately after planting covered with soil and flat.
2) ditch cutting according to the row spacing 25cm ditch, 8 10cm deep, every 10 15cm (plant spacing) flat into the root 1 section, then cover the soil and press and the furrow surface flush. If the weather is dry, water should be watered once. The suitable cultivation density of coltsfoot is 4500 5000 plants.
How to carry out field management of coltsfoot?
1) Medium-term weeding before August tillage should not be too deep, and at the same time, in June and August, combined with root soil cultivation, in order to prevent flower buds from growing out of the surface after differentiation and discoloration, affecting the quality.
2) Fertilizer and water management In the early stage of growth, top dressing is generally not done to avoid excessive growth. In the later stage of growth, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened, and in early September, 1000kg of rotting organic fertilizer should be applied per muIn early October, 15 20kg of compound fertilizer was applied per mu, and the ditch or hole was dug next to the plant, and the fertilizer was covered with furrow soil after application, and the soil was cultivated to maintain the fertilizer effect, avoid the flower buds from growing out of the ground, and affect the quality of coltsfoot flowers. Coltsfoot flowers like moisture and are afraid of stagnant water, so in the spring drought, water 2 or 3 times in a row, and often keep it moist to ensure that the whole seedlings are full. Prepare for drainage before the rainy season to prevent water accumulation in the fields.
In accordance with the principle of formula and balanced fertilization, the base fertilizer should be sufficient, supplemented by timely topdressing, and reasonable micro-fertilizer. Increase the application of well-rotted organic fertilizer, and cooperate with the promotion of the use of biological fungi and biological organic fertilizer in a targeted manner, improve the soil aggregate structure, antagonize harmful bacteria, enhance the ability of plants to resist disease and stress, and greatly enhance the healthy yield potential of plants.
3) Plant adjustment 6 July leaf growth vigorous, when the leaves are too dense, can remove the base of the old leaves, diseased leaves, in order to facilitate ventilation;In early to mid-September, the old leaves can be cut off, leaving only 3 or 4 heart leaves to promote the growth of flower buds.
How to control coltsfoot pests and diseases?
The main diseases of butterbur are brown spot, leaf blight, etc., and the main pests are aphids, etc., and the following measures are mostly used in green production, pest control and mitigation of vegetables, melons and fruits, tea, etc.
1) Brown spot disease.
Pathogens and symptoms: It belongs to the subphylum Hemimycetes, Cchiophthalda, Polyspora spp., Polyspora coltsfoot. Damage leaves, lesions round or nearly round, **brown, purple-red edges, severe leaf death. The disease is severe when there is high temperature and humidity. Prevention and control methods.
Agricultural control: clean the field after harvesting, and concentrate on burning the residual and diseased leaves;In the rainy season, ditches and drains should be drained in time to reduce the humidity in the field.
Scientific drug prevention and control: It is expected to spray 600 times of 42% oligosaccharide sulfur suspension, or 1500 times of 25 azoxystrobin suspension, or 1:1:100 Bordeaux solution (1 part of copper sulfate, 1 part of calcium hydroxide, 100 parts of water) before or at the beginning of the disease. At the beginning of the disease or after the onset of the disease, spray with 65% zebsen 500 times liquid, once every 7 10 days, spray 2 3 times. Other prevention and control methods, selected drugs and technical references"Honeysuckle brown spot disease"。
2) Leaf blight.
Pathogen and symptoms: It belongs to the semi-known fungi fungus. Damage to leaves, serious disease in the rainy season, diseased leaves extend inward from the leaf edge, forming black-brown, irregular lesions, resulting in brittle and dry leaves, resulting in local or whole leaves dry, serious can spread to the petiole. In the end, he wilted and died.
Prevention and control methods. Agricultural prevention and control: During the growth period, diseased leaves are found to be cut off in time and burned and buried deeply.
Scientific drug prevention and treatment: In the early stage of the disease or before the onset of the disease, use 2000 times of 75% fat bacteria tebuconazole water dispersant, or 500 times of 65 dycozeb zinc, once every 7 10 days, spray 2 3 times. Other prevention and control methods, selected drugs and technical references"Chuanxiong leaf blight"。
3) Aphids. Pest: belonging to the order Homoptera, the family Aphids. In summer, the drought is more severe. The sap is pierced into the leaves with the piercing and suction mouthparts, and the damaged seedlings are yellowed, and the leaf margins are curled and atrophied to the back, and the whole plant dies in severe cases.
Prevention and control methods. Agricultural control: remove weeds and diseased leaves after harvest to eliminate overwintering insects.
Scientific drug prevention and control: grasp the prevention and control indicators of wingless aphid spots, which can be used 925 dipropylacetilate dispersible liquid 15,000 times liquid, or 25 thiazinone wettable powder 2,000 times liquid spray control in a timely manner, depending on the insect situation to grasp the number of control, generally 7 10 days prevention and control 1 time. Other prevention and control methods, selected drugs and technical references"Honeysuckle aphids"。Physical and biological control references"Honeysuckle aphids"。
How to harvest and process coltsfoot?
Around the beginning of winter in the year of planting, the buds are harvested before they are unearthed and the bracts are purple-red. Too early, because the buds are still growing in the soil or close to the ground, it is not easy to find;The flower buds have been unearthed and opened too late, and the quality has decreased. When picking, pick the flower buds from the stem base with the flower stalks, put them in the bamboo basket, do not press hard, do not wash, otherwise the flower buds will turn black after drying, affecting the quality of medicinal materials.
Immediately after the buds are picked, they are spread in a ventilated and dry place to dry, and after 3 or 4 days, after the water is dry, take out the sieve to remove the soil, remove the flower stalks, and then dry until they are completely dry. In case of rainy weather, dry with charcoal or anthracite over a simmer, and the temperature is controlled at 40 50. When baking, the flower buds should not be too thick, 5 7cm can be;The time should not be too long, and it should be turned less to avoid damaging the outer bracts and affecting the quality of the medicinal materials. It is better to have large buds, fat, bright purple and red colors, and short peduncles.